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_______________________________________________________________ maxim integrated products 1 for pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact maxim direct at 1-888-629-4642, or visit maxims website at www.maxim-ic.com. MAX98304 mono 3.2w class d amplifier general description the MAX98304 mono 3.2w class d amplifier provides class ab audio performance with class d efficiency. this device offers five selectable gain settings (0db, 3db, 6db, 9db, and 12db) set by a single gain-select input (gain). active emissions-limiting, edge-rate, and overshoot con - trol circuitry greatly reduces emi. a filterless spread- spectrum modulation scheme eliminates the need for output filtering found in traditional class d devices. these features reduce application component count. the ic's 0.95ma at 3.7v (1.2ma at 5v) quiescent current extends battery life in portable applications. the ic is available in a 9-bump (1.0mm x 1.0mm) wlp with 0.3mm pitch that is specified over the extended -40n c to +85n c temperature range. applications notebook and netbook computers cellular phones tablets mp3 players portable audio players voip phones features s low quiescent current: 0.95ma at 3.7v s spread spectrum and active emissions limiting s five pin-selectable gains s 19v rms ultra-low noise s 90db psrr s click-and-pop suppression s thermal and overcurrent protection s low-current shutdown mode s 1.0mm x 1.0mm, 9-bump wlp (0.3mm pitch) space-saving package 19-5519; rev 0; 9/10 + denotes a lead(pb)-free/rohs-compliant package. ordering information typical application circuit pin configuration evaluation kit available part temp range pin- package top mark MAX98304ewl+ -40nc to +85nc 9 wlp air 0.47f 0.1f 0.47f +2.5v to +5.5v in+ *system bulk capacitance in- pvdd +2.5v to +5.5v pgnd shdn gain MAX98304 10f* out+ out- wlp (1mm x 1mm x 0.64mm 0.3mm pitch) top view bump side down MAX98304 + out- pgnd shdn in- in+ n.c. gain pvdd out+ 1 2 3 b c a wlp (1mm x 1mm x 0.64mm 0.3mm pitch) top view bump side down MAX98304 + out- pgnd shdn in- in+ n.c. gain pvdd out+ 1 2 3 b c a
2 ______________________________________________________________________________________ MAX98304 mono 3.2w class d amplifier stresses beyond those listed under absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. these are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. pvdd, in+, in-, shdn , gain to pgnd .................. -0.3v to +6v all other pins to pgnd ......................... -0.3v to (v pvdd + 0.3v) continuous current into/out of pvdd, pgnd, out_ ... q750ma continuous input current (all other pins) ........................ q20ma duration of short circuit between out_ and pvdd, pgnd ....................................... continuous out+ and out- .................................................... continuous continuous power dissipation (t a = +70 n c) for multilayer board 9-bump wlp (derate 10.6mw/ nc) .............................. 848mw junction temperature ..................................................... +150nc operating temperature range .......................... -40n c to +85nc storage temperature range ............................ -65n c to +150nc soldering temperature (reflow) ...................................... +260nc electrical characteristics (v pvdd = v shdn = 5.0v, v pgnd = 0v, a v = 12db (gain = pgnd), r l = j , r l connected between out+ to out-, ac measurement bandwidth 20hz to 22khz, t a = t min to t max , unless otherwise noted. typical values are at t a = +25 n c.) (notes 1, 2) absolute maximum ratings parameter symbol conditions min typ max units supply voltage range pvdd inferred from psrr test 2.5 5.5 v undervoltage lockout uvlo pvdd falling 1.5 1.8 2.2 v quiescent supply current i dd t a = +25nc 1.2 1.8 ma v pvdd = 3.7v 0.95 shutdown supply current i shdn v shdn = 0v, t a = +25nc < 0.1 10 fa turn-on time t on 3.4 10 ms bias voltage v bias pvdd/2 v input resistance r in t a = +25c, single-ended a v = 12db 45 70 ki a v = 9db 64 100 a v = 6db 90 140 a v = 3db 128 200 a v = 0db 180 280 voltage gain a v connect gain to pgnd 11.5 12 12.5 db connect gain to pgnd through 100ki 5% 8.5 9 9.5 connect gain to pvdd 5.5 6 6.5 connect gain to pvdd through 100ki 5% 2.5 3 3.5 gain unconnected -0.5 0 +0.5 output offset voltage v os t a = +25c (note 3) q1 q4.5 mv click and pop k cp peak voltage, a-weighted, 32 samples per second, r l = 8i (notes 3, 4) into shutdown -74 dbv out of shutdown -60 common-mode rejection ratio cmrr f in = 1khz, input referred 80 db
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 3 MAX98304 mono 3.2w class d amplifier electrical characteristics (continued) (v pvdd = v shdn = 5.0v, v pgnd = 0v, a v = 12db (gain = pgnd), r l = j , r l connected between out+ to out-, ac measurement bandwidth 20hz to 22khz, t a = t min to t max , unless otherwise noted. typical values are at t a = +25 n c.) (notes 1, 2) note 1: all devices are 100% production tested at +25 n c. all temperature limits are guaranteed by design. note 2: testing performed with a resistive load in series with an inductor to simulate an actual speaker load. for r l = 4 i, l = 33 f h. for r l = 8 i , l = 68fh. note 3: amplifier inputs ac-coupled to ground. note 4: mode transitions controlled by shdn. parameter symbol conditions min typ max units power-supply rejection ratio (note 3) psrr v pvdd = 2.5v to 5.5v, t a = +25nc 72 90 db v ripple = 200mv p-p f = 217hz 80 f = 1khz 84 f = 20khz 84 output power p out thd+n = 10%, f = 1khz, r l = 4i + 33fh v pvdd = 5.0v 3.2 w v pvdd = 4.2v 2.2 v pvdd = 3.7v 1.7 thd+n = 1%, f = 1khz, r l = 4i + 33fh v pvdd = 5.0v 2.6 v pvdd = 4.2v 1.8 v pvdd = 3.7v 1.4 thd+n = 10%, f = 1khz, r l = 8i + 68fh v pvdd = 5.0v 1.8 v pvdd = 4.2v 1.2 v pvdd = 3.7v 0.96 thd+n = 1%, f = 1khz, r l = 8i + 68fh v pvdd = 5.0v 1.4 v pvdd = 4.2v 1 v pvdd = 3.7v 0.8 total harmonic distortion plus noise thd+n f in = 1khz r l = 4i p out = 1w 0.03 0.1 % r l = 8i p out = 0.7w 0.03 oscillator frequency f osc 300 khz spread-spectrum bandwidth 12.5 khz efficiency e p out = 1.75w, r l = 8i 93 % noise v n a-weighted (note 3) a v = 12db 31 fv rms a v = 9db 26 a v = 6db 23 a v = 3db 21 a v = 0db 19 output current limit i lim 2.8 a thermal shutdown level 155 nc thermal shutdown hysteresis 15 nc digital input (shdn) input-voltage high v inh v pvdd = 2.5v to 5.5v 1.4 v input-voltage low v inl v pvdd = 2.5v to 5.5v 0.4 v input leakage current t a = +25nc q1 fa
4 ______________________________________________________________________________________ MAX98304 mono 3.2w class d amplifier typical operating characteristics (v pvdd = v shdn = 5.0v, v pgnd = 0v, a v = 6db, r l = j , r l connected between out+ to out-, ac measurement bandwidth 20hz to 22khz, t a = +25nc, unless otherwise noted.) total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. frequency MAX98304 toc04 frequency (hz) thd+n (%) 10k 1k 100 0.01 0.1 1 10 0.001 10 100k v pvdd = 5v z load = 8 i + 68h p out = 1.2w p out = 0.2w total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. output power MAX98304 toc07 output power (w) thd+n (%) 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 0.001 0 4.0 v pvdd = 5v z load = 4 i + 33h f = 6000hz f = 1000hz f = 100hz total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. frequency MAX98304 toc01 frequency (hz) thd+n (%) 10k 1k 100 0.01 0.1 1 10 0.001 10 100k v pvdd = 5v z load = 4 i + 33h p out = 2w p out = 1.5w total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. frequency MAX98304 toc05 frequency (hz) thd+n (%) 10k 1k 100 0.01 0.1 1 10 0.001 10 100k v pvdd = 4.2v z load = 8 i + 68h p out = 0.6w p out = 0.3w total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. output power MAX98304 toc08 output power (w) thd+n (%) 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 0.001 0 2.5 v pvdd = 4.2v z load = 4 i + 33h f = 6000hz f = 1000hz f = 100hz total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. frequency MAX98304 toc02 frequency (hz) thd+n (%) 10k 1k 100 0.01 0.1 1 10 0.001 10 100k v pvdd = 4.2v z load = 4 i + 33h p out = 1w p out = 0.5w total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. frequency MAX98304 toc06 frequency (hz) thd+n (%) 10k 1k 100 0.01 0.1 1 10 0.001 10 100k v pvdd = 3.7v z load = 8 i + 68h p out = 0.2w p out = 0.4w total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. output power MAX98304 toc09 total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. output power output power (w) thd+n (%) 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 0.001 2.0 v pvdd = 3.7v z load = 4 i + 33h f = 6000hz f = 1000hz f = 100hz total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. frequency MAX98304 toc03 frequency (hz) thd+n (%) 10k 1k 100 0.01 0.1 1 10 0.001 10 100k v pvdd = 3.7v z load = 4 i + 33h p out = 0.8w p out = 0.2w
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 5 MAX98304 mono 3.2w class d amplifier typical operating characteristics (continued) (v pvdd = v shdn = 5.0v, v pgnd = 0v, a v = 6db, r l = j , r l connected between out+ to out-, ac measurement bandwidth 20hz to 22khz, t a = +25nc, unless otherwise noted.) total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. output power MAX98304 toc10 total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. output power output power (w) thd+n (%) 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 0.001 2.0 v pvdd = 5v z load = 8 i + 68h f = 6000hz f = 1000hz f = 100hz output power vs. load resistance MAX98304 toc13 r load (i) output power (w) 100 10 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 0 1 1000 v pvdd = 5.0v thd+n = 10% thd+n = 1% output power vs. supply voltage MAX98304 toc16 supply voltage (v) output power (w) 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 0 2.5 5.5 f = 1khz z load = 8 i + 68h thd+n = 10% thd+n = 1% total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. output power MAX98304 toc11 output power (w) thd+n (%) 1.2 0.9 0.6 0.3 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 0.001 0 1.5 v pvdd = 4.2v z load = 8i + 68h f = 6000hz f = 1000hz f = 100hz output power vs. load resistance MAX98304 toc14 r load (i) output power (w) 100 10 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 0 1 1000 v pvdd = 3.7v thd+n = 10% thd+n = 1% frequency (hz) 1k 100k amplitude (db) 10k 100 10 gain vs. frequency MAX98304 toc17 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 gain = pgnd gain = 100ki to pgnd gain = 100ki to pvdd gain = unconnected -40 gain = pvdd total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. output power MAX98304 toc12 output power (w) thd+n (%) 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 0.001 0 1.2 v pvdd = 3.7v z load = 8i + 68h f = 6000hz f = 1000hz f = 100hz output power vs. supply voltage MAX98304 toc15 supply voltage (v) output power (w) 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 0 2.5 5.5 f = 1khz z load = 4 i + 33h thd+n = 10% thd+n = 1% efficiency vs. output power MAX98304 toc18 output power (w) efficiency (%) 3.0 2.5 1.5 2.0 1.0 0.5 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 0 3.5 v pvdd = 5.0v z load = 8 i + 68h z load = 4 i + 33h
6 ______________________________________________________________________________________ MAX98304 mono 3.2w class d amplifier typical operating characteristics (continued) (v pvdd = v shdn = 5.0v, v pgnd = 0v, a v = 6db, r l = j , r l connected between out+ to out-, ac measurement bandwidth 20hz to 22khz, t a = +25nc, unless otherwise noted.) power-supply rejection ratio vs. supply voltage MAX98304 toc22 supply voltage (v) psrr (db) 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 -100 2.5 5.5 f = 1khz v ripple = 200mv p-p startup response MAX98304 toc24 i speaker 100ma/div 1ms/div shdn 2v/div efficiency vs. output power MAX98304 toc19 output power (w) efficiency (%) 1.5 1.0 0.5 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 0 2.0 v pvdd = 3.7v z load = 8 i + 68h z load = 4 i + 33h frequency (hz) 10k 1k 100 10 100k common-mode rejection ratio vs. frequency MAX98304 toc23 cmrr (db) 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 z load = 8 i + 68h a v = 6db a v = 12db a v = 15db a v = 9db a v = 18db shutdown response MAX98304 toc25 i speaker 100ma/div 1ms/div shdn 2v/div supply current vs. supply voltage MAX98304 toc20 supply voltage (v) supply current (ma) 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 0 2.5 5.5 power-supply rejection ratio vs. frequency MAX98304 toc21 frequency (hz) psrr (db) 10k 1k 100 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 -100 10 100k v ripple = 200mv p-p z load = 8i + 68h
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 7 MAX98304 mono 3.2w class d amplifier pin description pin configuration typical operating characteristics (continued) (v pvdd = v shdn = 5.0v, v pgnd = 0v, a v = 6db, r l = j , r l connected between out+ to out-, ac measurement bandwidth 20hz to 22khz, t a = +25nc, unless otherwise noted.) wlp (1mm x 1mm x 0.64mm 0.3mm pitch) top view bump side down MAX98304 + out- pgnd shdn in- in+ n.c. gain pvdd out+ 1 2 3 b c a wlp (1mm x 1mm x 0.64mm 0.3mm pitch) top view bump side down MAX98304 + out- pgnd shdn in- in+ n.c. gain pvdd out+ 1 2 3 b c a frequency (mhz) output magnitude (dbv) 10 1 0.1 100 wideband vs. frequency MAX98304 toc26 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 rbw = 100hz -100 in-band vs. frequency MAX98304 toc27 frequency (hz) output magnitude (dbv) 10k 1k 100 -120 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 -140 10 100k f = 1khz v out = -60dbv bump name function a1 out- negative speaker output a2 out+ positive speaker output a3 pvdd power supply. bypass pvdd to pgnd with 0.1ff || 10ff. b1 pgnd ground b2 n.c. no connection. can be left unconnected, or connected to pgnd. b3 gain gain select. see table 1 for gain settings. c1 shdn active-low shutdown input. drive shdn low to place the device in shutdown. c2 in- inverting audio input c3 in+ noninverting audio input
8 ______________________________________________________________________________________ MAX98304 mono 3.2w class d amplifier detailed description the MAX98304 features low quiescent current, a low- power shutdown mode, comprehensive click-and-pop suppression, and excellent rf immunity. the device offers class ab audio performance with class d efficiency in a minimal board-space solution. the class d amplifier features spread-spectrum modula - tion, edge-rate, and overshoot control circuitry that offers significant improvements to switch-mode amplifier radi - ated emissions. the amplifier features click-and-pop suppression that reduces audible transients on startup and shutdown. the amplifier includes thermal overload and short-circuit protection. class d speaker amplifier the filterless class d amplifier offers much higher effi - ciency than class ab amplifiers. the high efficiency of a class d amplifier is due to the switching operation of the output stage transistors. any power loss associated with the class d output stage is mostly due to the i 2 r loss of the mosfet on-resistance and quiescent current overhead. ultra-low emi filterless output stage traditional class d amplifiers require the use of external lc filters, or shielding, to meet en55022b electromag - netic-interference (emi) regulation standards. maxims patented active emissions-limiting edge-rate control circuitry and spread-spectrum modulation reduces emi emissions, while maintaining up to 93% efficiency. maxims patented spread-spectrum modulation mode flattens wideband spectral components, while propri - etary techniques ensure that the cycle-to-cycle varia - tion of the switching period does not degrade audio reproduction or efficiency. the ics spread-spectrum modulator randomly varies the switching frequency by q 12.5khz around the center frequency (300khz). above 10mhz, the wideband spectrum looks like noise for emi purposes (figure 1). speaker current limit if the output current of the speaker amplifier exceeds the current limit (2.8a typ), the ic disables the outputs for approximately 100 f s. at the end of 100f s, the outputs are reenabled. if the fault condition still exists, the ic continues to disable and reenable the outputs until the fault condition is removed. selectable gain the ic offers five programmable gain selections through a single gain input (gain). figure 1. emi with 60cm of speaker cable and no output filtering table 1. gain control configuration 90 70 50 30 10 -10 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 emissions level (dbv/m) frequency (mhz) en55022b limit horizontal vertical gain pin maximum gain (db) connect to pgnd 12 connect to pgnd through 100kw 5% resistor 9 connect to pvdd 6 connect to pvdd through 100kw 5% resistor 3 unconnected 0
_______________________________________________________________________________________ 9 MAX98304 mono 3.2w class d amplifier shutdown the ic features a low-power shutdown mode, drawing less than 0.1 f a (typ) of supply current. drive shdn low to put the ic into shutdown. click-and-pop suppression the ic speaker amplifier features maxims comprehen - sive click-and-pop suppression. during startup, the click-and-pop suppression circuitry reduces any audible transient sources internal to the device. when entering shutdown, the differential speaker outputs ramp down to pgnd quickly and simultaneously. applications information filterless class d operation traditional class d amplifiers require an output filter. the filter adds cost, size, and decreases efficiency and thd+n performance. the ics filterless modulation scheme does not require an output filter. because the switching frequency of the ic is well beyond the bandwidth of most speakers, voice coil movement due to the switching frequency is very small. use a speaker with a series inductance > 10 f h. typical 8i speakers exhibit series inductances in the 20f h to 100f h range. component selection power-supply input (pvdd) pvdd powers the speaker amplifier. pvdd ranges from 2.5v to 5.5v. bypass pvdd with a 0.1 f f and 10ff capacitor to pgnd. apply additional bulk capacitance at the device if long input traces between pvdd and the power source are used. input filtering the input-coupling capacitor (c in ), in conjunction with the amplifiers internal input resistance (r in ), forms a high- pass filter that removes the dc bias from the incoming signal. these capacitors allow the amplifier to bias the signal to an optimum dc level. assuming zero source impedance c in is: in in 3db 2 r c [ f] f ? = f where f -3db is the -3db corner frequency and r in is the input resistance shown in the electrical characteristics table. use capacitors with adequately low voltage-coef - ficient for best low-frequency thd performance. layout and grounding proper layout and grounding are essential for optimum performance. good grounding improves audio perfor - mance and prevents switching noise from coupling into the audio signal. use wide, low-resistance output traces. as the load impedance decreases, the current drawn from the device increases. at higher current, the resistance of the output traces decreases the power delivered to the load. for example, if 2w is delivered from the device output to a 4 i load through 100m i of total speaker trace, 1.904w is being delivered to the speaker. if power is delivered through 10m i of total speaker trace, 1.99w is being delivered to the speaker. wide output, supply, and ground traces also improve the power dissipation of the device. the ic is inherently designed for excellent rf immunity. for best performance, add ground fills around all signal traces on top or bottom pcb planes. wlp applications information for the latest application details on wlp construction, dimensions, tape carrier information, pcb techniques, bump-pad layout, and recommended reflow tempera - ture profile, as well as the latest information on reliability testing results, refer to application note 1891: wafer- level packaging (wlp) and its applications . figure 2 shows the dimensions of the wlp balls used on the ic. figure 2. MAX98304 wlp ball dimensions 0.18 mm 0.18 mm
10 _____________________________________________________________________________________ MAX98304 mono 3.2w class d amplifier functional diagram chip information process: cmos c2 in- 0.47 f c3 in+ b3 gain c1 a3 pvdd shdn 0.47 f class d modulator low-emi driver pvdd a1 a2 out- out+ pgnd low-emi driver pvdd pgnd pgnd b1 uvlo /p ower management click-and-pop suppression 2.5v to 5.5v 10f * *system bulk capacitance 0.1f MAX98304
______________________________________________________________________________________ 11 MAX98304 mono 3.2w class d amplifier package information for the latest package outline information and land patterns, go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages . note that a +, #, or - in the package code indicates rohs status only. package drawings may show a different suffix character, but the drawing pertains to the package regardless of rohs status. package type package code outline n o. land pattern no. 9 wlp w91d1+1 21-0486
maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a maxim product. no circuit patent licenses are implied. maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. 12 maxim integrated products, 120 san gabriel drive, sunnyvale, ca 94086 408-737-7600 ? 2010 maxim integrated products maxim is a registered trademark of maxim integrated products, inc. MAX98304 mono 3.2w class d amplifier revision history revision number revision date description pages changed 0 9/10 initial release

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