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max3930/max3931/max3932 ? 10.7gbps laser diode drivers ________________________________________________________________ maxim integrated products 1 19-1856; rev 3; 3/02 evaluation kit available general description the max3930/max3931/max3932 are designed for direct modulation of laser diodes at data rates up to 10.7gbps. they provide adjustable laser bias and modulation currents and are implemented using maxim? second-generation in-house sige process. the max3930 accepts differential cml clock and data input signals and includes 50? on-chip termination resistors. it delivers a 1ma to 100ma laser bias current and a 20ma to 100ma modulation current with a typical (20% to 80%) 25ps rise time. an input data retiming latch can be used to reject input pattern-dependent jitter if a clock signal is available. the max3931/max3932 have an alternate pad out with respect to the max3930. the max3931 includes the series damping resistor r d on chip. the max3930/max3931/max3932 also include an adjustable pulse-width control circuit to minimize laser pulse-width distortion. ________________________applications sonet oc-192 and sdh stm-64 transmission systems up to 10.7gbps optical transmitters section regenerators features single +5v or -5.2v power supply 108ma supply current operates to 10.7gbps 50? on-chip input termination resistors programmable modulation current to 100ma programmable laser bias current to 100ma 25ps rise time (max3930/max3932) adjustable pulse-width control selectable data retiming latch esd protection internal series damping resistor (max3931) ordering information note: dice are designed to operate over a -40? to +120? junction temperature (t j ) range but are tested and guaranteed at t a = +25?. part temp range pin-package max3930 e/d -40 c to +85 c dice max3931 e/d -40 c to +85 c dice max3932 e/d -40 c to +85 c dice max3932e/w -40 c to +85 c wafer ? c0. v tt r d = 15? 20? l b mod1 mod2 bias 0.01f data- data+ clk- pwc+ pwc- moden modmon biasmon biasset modset rten v ee v cc clk+ 5v 5v 5v 5v v bias represents a controlled? impedance transmission line data+ data- clk+ clk- 10gbps serializer 5v v mod max3930 max3910 2k? 5v 5v modn1 modn2 50? 50? 50? 50? typical application circuit for pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact maxim/dallas direct! at 1-888-629-4642, or visit maxim? website at www.maxim-ic.com.
max3930/max3931/max3932 10.7gbps laser diode drivers 2 _______________________________________________________________________________________ absolute maximum ratings stresses beyond those listed under absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. these are stress rating s only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specificatio ns is not implied. exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. supply voltage (v cc - v ee ) ..................................-0.5v to +6.0v data+, data-, clk+, clk- ................................................(v tt - 1.2v) to the lower of (v tt + 1.2v) or (v cc + 0.5v) moden rten m m e moden rten moden rten - 40 ? c to +85 ? c. typical values are at v cc - v ee = 5v, i bias = 50ma, i mod = 70ma, and t a = +25 ? c, unless otherwise noted.)
max3930/max3931/max3932 10.7gbps laser diode drivers _______________________________________________________________________________________ 3 dc electrical characteristics?max3931/max3932 (v cc - v ee = 4.75v to 5.5v, t a = - 40 ? c to +85 ? c. typical values are at v cc - v ee = 5v, i bias = 50ma, i mod = 70ma, and t a = +25 ? c, unless otherwise noted.) parameter symbol conditions min typ max units power-supply voltage v cc - v ee 4.75 5 5.50 v power-supply current i cc excluding bias current and modulation current 108 140 ma single-ended input resistance 42.5 50 57.5 bias current setting range 1 100 ma bias current = 100ma, t a = +25 ? c-5 +5 bias current setting error bias current = 1ma, t a = +25 ? c -10 +10 % bias sensing resistor r bias 2.7 3 3.3 i bias = 100ma (note 1) -480 +480 bias current temperature stability i bias = 1ma -200 ppm/ ? c bias off-current biasset (v ee + 0.4v) 0.05 ma moden rten moden rten signal input at high v cc single-ended input (dc-coupled) v is at low v cc - 1 v cc - 0.15 v at high v cc + 0.075 v cc + 0.4 single-ended input (ac-coupled) v is at low v cc - 0.4 v cc - 0.075 v differential input swing (dc-coupled) v id 0.3 2.0 v p-p differential input swing (ac-coupled) v id 0.3 1.6 v p-p dc electrical characteristics ? max3930 (continued) (v cc - v ee = 4.75v to 5.5v, t a = - 40 ? c to +85 ? c. typical values are at v cc - v ee = 5v, i bias = 50ma, i mod = 70ma, and t a = +25 ? c, unless otherwise noted.) parameter symbol conditions min typ max units at high v cc - 1.225 v cc - 0.8 single-ended input v is at low v cc - 1.8 v cc - 1.375 v differential input swing v id 0.3 2.0 v p-p
max3930/max3931/max3932 10.7gbps laser diode drivers 4 _______________________________________________________________________________________ ac electrical characteristics ? max3931 (v cc - v ee = 4.75v to 5.5v, v tt = v cc , t a = -40 ? c to +85 ? c. typical values are at v cc - v ee = 5v, i mod = 70ma, and t a = +25 ? c, unless otherwise noted.) (note 3) parameter symbol conditions min typ max units input data rates nrz 10.7 gbps modulation current setting range 20 100 ma modulation current setting error 20 load, t a = +25 ? c-5+5% modulation sensing resistor r mod 2.7 3 3.3 output series resistance r mod1 in parallel with r mod2 12.75 15 17.25 modulation current temperature stability -480 +480 ppm/ ? c modulation off-current modset (v ee + 0.4v) 0.1 ma setup/hold time t su , t hd figure 2 25 ps pulse-width adjustment range (note 4) 25 55 ps pulse-width stability pwc+ and pwc- open (note 4) 13 ps pulse-width control input range for pwc+ and pwc- v ee + 0 v ee + 1 v ee + 2 v input return loss 12 db ac electrical characteristics ? max3930/max3932 (v cc - v ee = 4.75v to 5.5v, v tt = v cc , t a = -40 ? c to +85 ? c. typical values are at v cc - v ee = 5v, i mod = 70ma, and t a = +25 ? c, unless otherwise noted.) (note 3) parameter symbol conditions min typ max units input data rates nrz 10.7 gbps m od ul ati on c ur r ent s etti ng rang e 20 100 ma modulation current setting error 20 load, t a = +25 ? c-5+5% modulation sensing resistor r mod 2.7 3 3.3 modulation current temperature stability -480 +480 ppm/ ? c modulation off-current modset (v ee + 0.4v) 0.1 ma output current rise time t r z l = 20 , 20% to 80% (note 4) 25 35 ps output current fall time t f z l = 20 , 20% to 80% (note 4) 29 36 ps setup/hold time t su , t hd figure 2 25 ps pulse-width adjustment range (note 4) 25 55 ps pulse-width stability pwc+ and pwc- open (note 4) 13 ps pulse-width control input range for pwc+ and pwc v ee + 0 v ee + 1 v ee + 2 v overshoot (note 4) 13 % driver random jitter 0.75 1 ps rms driver deterministic jitter (note 5) 6.7 21 ps p-p input return loss 12 db note 1: guaranteed by design and characterization. note 2: psrr = 20 x log ( v cc / ( i mod 20 )). i mod = 100ma note 3: guaranteed by design and characterization using the circuit shown in figure 1. note 4: measured using a 10.7gbps repeating 0000 0000 1111 1111 pattern. note 5: measured using a 10.7gbps 2 13 - 1 prbs with eighty 0s pattern.
0 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 -40 10 -15 35 60 85 pulse-width distortion vs. temperature max3930 toc04 temperature ( c) pulse-width distortion (ps) i mod = 20ma i mod = 100ma typical distribution of rise time max3930 toc05 rise time (ps) percent of units (%) 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 2 4 6 8 10 0 22 30 typical distribution of fall time max3930 toc06 fall time (ps) percent of units (%) 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 2 4 6 8 10 0 25 33 30 50 40 70 60 90 80 100 120 110 130 0 400 600 800 200 1000 1200 1400 1800 1600 2000 pulse width vs. r pwc max3930 toc07 r pwc- ( pulse-width of positive pulse (ps) 0 400 600 800 200 1000 1200 1400 1800 1600 2000 157 137 147 117 127 97 107 87 67 77 57 pulse-width of negative pulse (ps) r pwc+ ( oc-192 optical eye diagram (i mod = 70ma p-p , i bias = 15ma, p avg = -2dbm) max3930 toc08 optical eye diagram courtesy of network elements, inc. copyright?2000 by network elements, inc. all rights reserved. 0 30 20 10 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 i mod vs. v mod max3930 toc09 v mod (v) i mod (ma) max3930/max3931/max3932 10.7gbps laser diode drivers _______________________________________________________________________________________ 5 typical operating characteristics (v cc = 5v, t a = +25 ? c, unless otherwise noted.) 14ps/div electrical eye diagram (i mod = 100ma, 2 13 - 1 + 80 cid) max3930 toc01 14ps/div electrical eye diagram (i mod = 20ma, 2 13 - 1 + 80 cid) max3930 toc02 103 106 105 104 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 -40 10 -15 35 60 85 supply current vs. temperature (excludes bias and modulation currents) max3930 toc03 temperature ( c) supply current (ma) max3930/max3932
0 30 20 10 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 i bias vs. v bias max3930 toc10 v bias (v) i bias (ma) differential s11 vs. frequency max3930 toc07 frequency (ghz) magnitude s11 (db) 15 10 5 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 -50 020 max3930/max3931/max3932 10.7gbps laser diode drivers 6 _______________________________________________________________________________________ max3930/max3932 typical operating characteristics (continued) (v cc = 5v, t a = +25 ? c, unless otherwise noted.)
max3930/max3931/max3932 10.7gbps laser diode drivers _______________________________________________________________________________________ 7 10.7gbps laser diode drivers pad description pad max3930 max3931/ max3932 name function 1, 5, 9, 12, 22, 23, 28, 29 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 10, 12, 22, 23, 28, 29 v cc power-supply voltage (v cc - v ee = 5v). all pads must be connected to v cc . 2 2 data+ noninverting data input. cml with on-chip termination resistor. 3 ? v tt terminating voltage for data inputs 4 4 data- inverting data input. cml with on-chip termination resistor. 6 6 clk+ noninverting clock input for data retiming. cml with on-chip termination resistor. 7 ? v tt terminating voltage for clock inputs 8 8 clk- inverting clock input for data retiming. cml with on-chip termination resistor. 10, 11, 17, 18, 21, 32, 35, 36, 37 11, 17, 18, 19, 32, 35, 36, 37 v ee power-supply voltage (v cc - v ee = 5v) 13 13 rten o moden o design procedure section). 24, 27 24, 27 modn2, modn1 complementary laser modulation current outputs. connect to v cc . 25, 26 25, 26 mod2, mod1 laser modulation current outputs 30 30 bias laser bias current output 31 31 n.c. no connection. leave unconnected. 33 33 biasset bias current set. connected to the output of the external operational amplifier (see the design procedure section). 34 34 biasmon bias current monitor (v biasmon - v ee ) / r bias = i bias
max3930/max3931/max3932 10.7gbps laser diode drivers 8 _______________________________________________________________________________________ v tt 50 mod1 mod2 oscilloscope data- data+ clk- rten v cc 1.2v v ee clk+ 50 50 50 50 data+ data- clk+ clk- pattern generator -5v -2v 33 50 20 equivalent circuit -5v max3930/ max3932 v out modn1 modn2 i out + - moden -5v figure 1. test circuit figure 2. required input signal, setup/hold time definition, and output polarity clk+ clk- t su v is = 0.15v - 1.0v data- data+ (data+) - (data-) i out t hd v is = 0.15v - 1.0v 20ma - 100ma v id = 0.3v - 2.0v
max3930/max3931/max3932 10.7gbps laser diode drivers _______________________________________________________________________________________ 9 10.7gbps laser diode drivers detailed description the max3930 laser driver consists of two main parts, a high-speed modulation driver and a laser-biasing block. the circuit operates from a single 5v or -5.2v supply. when operating from a 5v supply, connect all v cc pins to 5v and all v ee pins to ground. if operating from a -5.2v supply, connect all v ee pins to -5.2v and all v cc pins to ground. to eliminate pattern-dependent jitter on the input data signal, the device accepts a dif- ferential cml clock signal for data retiming. when rten rten m m m typical application circuit ). the max3931 output has an internal series damping resistor consisting of two parallel 30 resistors in series with the output. this simplifies interfacing with the laser diode. the max3931/max3932 have an alternate pad out with respect to max3930. at the 10.7gbps data rate, any capacitive load at the cathode of a laser diode will degrade the optical output performance. since the bias output is directly connect- ed to the laser cathode, minimize the parasitic capaci- tance associated with this pad by using a ferrite bead (l b ) to isolate the bias pin from the laser cathode. optional input data retiming to eliminate pattern-dependent jitter on the input data, a synchronous differential clock signal should be con- nected to the clk+ and clk- inputs, and the rten rten moden moden o o m design procedure ). design procedure when designing a laser transmitter, the optical output is usually expressed in terms of average power and extinction ratio. table 1 gives relationships that are helpful in converting between the optical average power and the modulation current. these relationships are valid if the mark density and duty cycle of the opti- cal waveform are 50%. programming the modulation current for a desired laser average optical power, p avg , and optical extinction ratio, r e , the required modulation cur- rent can be calculated based on the laser slope effi- ciency, , using the equations in table 1. to program the desired modulation current, connect the inverting input of an operational amplifier (such as the max480) to modmon and connect the output to modset. connect the positive op amp voltage supply to v cc and the negative supply to v ee (for 5v opera- tion, v cc = 5v and v ee = ground; for -5.2v operation, v cc = ground and v ee = -5.2v). the modulation cur- rent is set by connecting a reference voltage, v mod , to the noninverting input of the operational amplifier. refer to the i mod vs. v mod graph in the typical operating characteristics to select the value of v mod that corre- sponds to the required modulation current.
max3930/max3931/max3932 10.7gbps laser diode drivers 10 ______________________________________________________________________________________ programming the bias current to program the desired laser bias current, connect the inverting input of an operational amplifier (such as the max480) to biasmon, and connect the output to biasset. connect the positive op amp voltage supply to v cc and the negative supply to v ee (for 5v opera- tion, v cc = 5v and v ee = ground; and for -5.2v opera- tion, v cc = ground and v ee = -5.2v). the laser bias current is set by connecting a reference voltage, v bias , to the noninverting input of the operational amplifier. refer to the i bias vs. v bias graph in the typical operating characteristics to select the value of v bias that corresponds to the required laser bias current. interfacing with laser diodes refer to maxim application note hfan-2.0, interfacing maxim laser drivers with laser diodes, for detailed information. to minimize optical output aberrations caused by sig- nal reflections at the electrical interface to the laser diode, a series damping resistor (r d ) is required (figure 4). the max3930/max3932 modulation outputs are optimized for a 20 load; therefore, the series com- bination of r d and r l (where r l represents the laser diode resistance) should equal 20 . typical values for r d are 13 to 17 . the max3931 includes an on-chip series damping resistor r d at 15 (figure 5). for best performance, a bypass capacitor (c), typically 0.01f, should be placed as close as possible to the anode of the laser diode. in some applications (depending on the laser diode parasitic inductance), an rf matching network at the laser cathode will improve the optical output. applications information wire bonding die for high current density and reliable operation, the max3930/max3931/max3932 use gold metalization. make connections to the die with gold wire only, using ball-bonding techniques. do not use wedge bonding. die-pad size is 3.0mil (76m) and 4.5mil (114m). die thickness is 8mil (203m). die size is 46mil x 82mil (1.168mm x 2.083mm). layout considerations to minimize inductance, keep the connections between the driver output and the laser diode as short as possi- ble. optimize the laser diode performance by placing a bypass capacitor as close as possible to the laser anode. use good high-frequency layout techniques and multilayer boards with an uninterrupted ground plane to minimize emi and crosstalk. use controlled impedance lines for the clock and data inputs. laser safety and iec 825 using the max3930/max3931/max3932 laser driver alone does not ensure that a transmitter design is com- pliant with iec 825. the entire transmitter circuit and component selections must be considered. customers must determine the level of fault tolerance required by their application, recognizing that maxim products are not designed or authorized for use as components in systems intended for surgical implant into the body, for applications intended to support or sustain life, or for any other application where the failure of a maxim prod- uct could create a situation where personal injury or death may occur. table 1. optical power relations note: assuming a 50% average input duty cycle and mark density. parameter sym b o l relation average power p avg p avg = (p 0 + p 1 ) / 2 extinction ratio r e r e = p 1 / p 0 optical power of a 1 p 1 p 1 = 2p avg r e / (r e + 1) optical power of a 0 p 0 p 0 = 2p avg / (r e + 1) optical amplitude p p-p p p-p = p 1 - p 0 = 2p avg (r e - 1) / (r e + 1) laser slope efficiency = p p-p / i mod modulation current i mod i mod = p p-p / time p0 p1 optical power p avg figure 3. optical power relations
max3930/max3931/max3932 10.7gbps laser diode drivers ______________________________________________________________________________________ 11 10.7gbps laser diode drivers 0 1 v cc v tt * rten moden 40 0.01 f l b r d = 15 r mod 5k modmon modset 40 data- m u x data+ clk- clk+ 5v 50 50 50 50 v tt * v ee r bias 5k biasmon biasset v ee pwc dq r pwc 2k v cc v cc i out i mod i bias max3930/max3932 modn1 modn2 v ee 20 mod1 mod2 *v tt is internally connected to v cc for max3932 figure 4. max3930/max3932 functional diagram
max3930/max3931/max3932 10.7gbps laser diode drivers 12 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 0 1 v cc v cc rten moden 40 0.01 f l b r mod1 r mod 5k modmon modset 40 data- m u x data+ clk- clk+ 5v 50 50 50 50 v cc v ee r bias 5k biasmon biasset v ee pwc dq r pwc 2k v cc v cc i out i mod i bias max3931 modn1 modn2 v ee 30 r mod2 30 mod1 mod2 figure 5. max3931 functional diagram
max3930/max3931/max3932 10.7gbps laser diode drivers ______________________________________________________________________________________ 13 data+ data- 50 50 v tt v cc v ee v ee modn1 mod1 mod2 modn2 40 40 figure 6. max3930 equivalent input circuit data+ data- 50 50 v cc v ee figure 8. max3931/max3932 equivalent input circuit v ee modn1 mod1 mod2 modn2 40 40 30 30 figure 9. max3931 equivalent output circuit figure 7. max3930/max3932 equivalent output circuit
max3930/max3931/max3932 10.7gbps laser diode drivers maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a maxim product. no circu it patent licenses are implied. maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. 14 ____________________maxim integrated products, 120 san gabriel drive, sunnyvale, ca 94086 408-737-7600 ? 2002 maxim integrated products printed usa is a registered trademark of maxim integrated products. transistor count: 1555 substrate: soi process: bipolar silicon germanium die thickness: 8mil v ee data- v cc clk+ v tt clk- v cc v ee v ee v cc rten pwc+ v ee v ee moden modmon pwc- modset v ee v ee v ee v ee n.c. biasmon biasset v cc data+ v tt 46mil 82mil mod1 mod2 bias v cc modn2 v cc v cc v cc modn1 max3930 1 5 6 2 7 3 4 11 12 8 13 9 10 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 v ee data- v cc clk+ v cc clk- v cc v cc v ee v cc rten pwc+ v ee v ee moden modmon pwc- modset v ee v ee v ee v ee n.c. biasmon biasset v cc data+ v cc 46mil 82mil mod1 mod2 bias v cc modn2 v cc v cc v cc modn1 max3931/max3932 1 5 6 2 7 3 4 11 12 8 13 9 10 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 chip information chip topography

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