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keysight technologies phase noise x-series measurement application N9068A & w9068a technical overview
introduction C one-button, easy-to-use, fast phase noise measurements with log plot and spot frequency views C spectrum and iq waveform monitoring for quick signal checks in frequency or time domain C supports the x-series signal analyzers with external mixing for carrier frequencies beyond 50 ghz C hardkey/softkey manual user interface or scpi remote user interface C built-in, context-sensitive help C transportable licensing between x-series signal analyzers or mxe emi receiver
03 | keysight | phase noise x-series measurement application N9068A & w9068a - technical overview in addition to a superior combination of speed, accuracy, fexibility, and dynamic range, the keysight technol - ogies, inc. x-series signal analyzers offer the broadest set of measure - ment applications. the phase noise measurement application is an ideal tool for design verifcation and troubleshooting as well as pro - duction line testing. this application is built upon keysights best-selling option 226 phase noise measure - ment personality used in esa and psa spectrum analyzers and includes enhancements in measurement algorithms for optimized speed and dynamic range. the phase noise measurement ap - plication is just one in a common library of more than 25 measurement applications in the keysight x-series, an evolutionary approach to signal analysis that spans instrumentation, measurements, and software. the x- series analyzers and mxe emi receiv - er, with upgradeable cpu, memory, removable solid-state drive, and i/o ports, enable you to keep your test assets current and extend instrument longevity. proven algorithms, 100% code-compatibility, and a common ui across the x-series create a consis - tent measurement framework for sig - nal analysis that ensures repeatable results and measurement integrity so you can leverage your test system software through all phases of prod - uct development. in addition to fxed, perpetual licenses for our x-series measurement applications, we also offer transportable licenses which can increase the value of your invest - ment by allowing to you transport the application to multiple x-series analyzers. figure 1. a complete solution for phase noise measurements phase noise measurement application
04 | keysight | phase noise x-series measurement application N9068A & w9068a - technical overview phase noise measurement overview phase noise measurements measurement details log plot phase noise log plot measures ssb phase noise (in dbc/hz) versus offset frequencies expressed in logarithmic scale. this allows you to view the phase noise behavior of the signal under test across decades of offset fre - quencies. figure 2. log plot phase noise with a smoothed trace and decade table turned on (taken from an mxa with N9068A) as wireless communication technolo - gies evolve in the commercial and aerospace and defense industries, it is clear that the driver to meet demand for higher data rates, better spectrum effciency, and lower power consumption is the digital technol - ogy, such as digital signal processing (dsp). it does not, however, devalue the importance of high-purity, high- stability signalssignal stability is fundamental to successful modern digital wireless communication sys - tems. phase noise is still one of the most important characteristics when evaluating the short-term stability of a signal. pressure to bring products to market more quickly than ever does not allow time for executing multiple measurements across sever - al instruments. an accurate, fast, and easy-to-use phase noise measure - ment tool is critical in the r&d and manufacturing environments. a variety of measurement techniques have been developed to meet various requirements for phase noise measurements. the three most widely adopted techniques are: direct spectrum, phase detector, and two- channel cross-correlation. among them, the direct spectrum technique is the simplest and perhaps oldest technique for making phase noise measurements. keysights x-series phase noise mea- surement application is based on the direct spectrum technique. the most obvious advantage using the direct spectrum technique for phase noise measurements is that it can be real - ized with a general-purpose signal/ spectrum analyzer. however, the analyzers settings, such as resolu - tion bandwidth (rbw) and internal phase noise optimization loops, will need to be adjusted based on offset frequency to achieve the highest measurement accuracy and speed. manually implementing phase noise measurements with a signal analyzer can be tedious and time consuming. the x-series phase noise measure - ment application automates the optimization processes for the signal analyzer settings with one-button measurements without user interfer - ence. with the x-series signal analyzers or mxe emi receiver and the phase noise measurement application, you can easily perform phase noise analysis on various devices, such as local oscillators and signal sources. the analysis includes: C log plot: single-sideband (ssb) phase noise view in frequency domain C spot frequency: phase noise view in time domain including carrier frequency drift measure - ment C monitor spectrum: easy-to-use simple spectrum view for a quick check of your signal C iq waveform: easy-to-use simple time domain view
05 | keysight | phase noise x-series measurement application N9068A & w9068a - technical overview figure 3. carrier frequency drift view with phase noise vs. time spot frequency phase noise after a particular frequency offset has been identifed for further analy - sis, the spot frequency measurement provides the time domain behavior of phase noise at that particular offset (figure 2). the spot frequency measurement can be used to: C monitor phase noise fuctuation versus time at a user-specifed single offset frequency C take advantage of improved carrier frequency tracking range with faster signal tracking C view graphic and numeric list formats C find the signal from the full range of frequency with the x- series auto tune feature the spot frequency signal tracking feature provides: C a simultaneous view of phase noise and delta frequency in time domain C ssb, average ssb, carrier power, carrier frequency, carrier frequency (initial), and carrier frequency delta in a table view the entire phase noise behav - ior across a wide range of offset fre-quencies (1 hz 1 to the difference between the maximum frequency of the analyzer and carrier frequency) and measure phase noise with a user-specifed number of averages. perform trace smoothing with user- adjustable smoothing segment length (figure 1). the log plot measurement function also includes: C am rejection, which works for offsets equal to or less than 1 mhz so that you observe only the phase component C overdrive function, which maximizes the dynamic range at offsets beyond 1 mhz, improv - ing measurement accuracy by reducing the adverse effect of broadband noise C support of maximum frequency up to 50 ghz and beyond (with pxa and external mixing) C a suite of advanced marker func - tions optimized for detailed log plot trace analysis C display of tabular readings (the decade table) in addition to the graphic presentation C automatic search of carrier func - tion with auto tune multi-level video fltering 1. requires option afp or atp for previ - ously purchased n/w9068a measure - ment application product. log plot phase noise (continued)
06 | keysight | phase noise x-series measurement application N9068A & w9068a - technical overview figure 4. monitor spectrum to check the signal coming from the dut monitor spectrum in addition to the phase noise measurements, you can verify the quality of the signal of interest with - out having to switch from the phase noise mode to the spectrum analyzer mode. the monitor spectrum mea - surement provides a simple frequency domain view for a quick signal check. in addition, the abundant marker/ trace functions for the x-series signal analyzers and mxe emi receiver help better quantify the signal in frequen - cy domain (figure 3). iq waveform the phase noise x-series measure - ment application employs iq analysis, which maintains both amplitude and phase information of the signal under test. the iq waveform measurement enables you to view the signal in time domain without having to switch modes between the phase noise and the iq analyzer. this can signifcantly decrease your measurement time. advanced marker functions for log plot trace the log plot measurement provides a wide range of advanced markers and marker functions so that you can analyze various aspects of the trace, such as integrated noise, averaged noise density, and residual fm across the applied band marker span, as well as multiple spurious-peak search functions and absolute, octave slope, and decade slope scale delta mark - ers. see figure 4 and the following tables for more detail. figure 5. apply a wide variety of advanced markers and marker functions, optimized for log plot trace analysis marker number marker functions 1 through 3 normal markers, spurious search (#1: peak spur, #2: next spur right, #3: next spur left) 4 band marker, rms integrated phase deviation in degree 5 band marker, rms integrated phase deviation in radian 6 band marker, rms integrated jitter in radian 7 band marker, rms integrated phase noise in dbc per marker bandwidth hz 8 band marker, residual fm in hz 9 band marker, rms averaged phase noise density in dbc per hz 109 delta marker, absolute (x) scale 119 delta marker, octave slope (2x) scale 129 delta marker, decade slope (10x) scale C
07 | keysight | phase noise x-series measurement application N9068A & w9068a - technical overview integrated noise measurement different applications require differ - ent measures for evaluating phase noise behaviors. in the digital world, root-mean-square (rms) phase devia - tion/jitter (in degrees or radians) and rms phase jitter (in seconds) are used more frequently to evaluate the sta - bility of a high-frequency clock. on the other hand, residual fm is more important to amplifer designers and manufacturers. the x-series signal analyzers make these measurements easy with advanced marker functions (figure 4). the band marker functions enable you to: C characterize phase noise related behaviors from different angles for various applications C adjust bandwidth for integrating noise power (in db/bandwidth hz) 1 or averaging noise power density (in db/hz) 1 by using advanced band markers on the log plot C calculate rms phase deviation (or residual pm) in degrees or radi - ans C calculate rms jitter in seconds C calculate the residual fm in hz C view numeric marker readings for calculated results C view readings of multiple mark - ers multiple spurious peak search the marker menu supports the spurious peak search function1, peak, next peak, right peak, and left peak. the raw trace (yellow) indicates that spurious signals are automati - cally detected and separated. the smoothed trace (light blue) remains after the spurious products are re - moved from the raw trace. advanced scaled delta markers the delta marker menu enables you to select various scales of: C absolute/normal (x hz) C octave slope (2x hz) 1 C decade slope (10x hz) 1 1. requires option afp or atp for previ - ously purchased equipment.
08 | keysight | phase noise x-series measurement application N9068A & w9068a - technical overview displayed average noise level (danl) measurements the danl foor of a signal/spectrum analyzer sets limitations for measur - ing the smallest input signal because it may negatively affect phase noise measurement accuracy at the far- out offset frequencies. when the amplitude of a signal under test gets closer to the danl foor, a signif - cant measurement error can occur, invalid-ating the measurement. to help ensure the measurement is valid, the phase noise measurement application mea - sures the danl foor noise plot (figure 5). reference trace subtractions by using the trace subtraction func - tion, you can subtract the danl foor or phase noise of the x-series signal analyzer or mxe emi receiver. danl subtraction subtract the signal analyzer's internal broadband noise from the com - pounded measurement result to see the phase noise of the dut at the offset frequency where the noise level of the signal analyzer and dut is close. recall the stored danl data to subtract from measured data (figure 6). the danl measurement mode allows you to: C measure and reference the danl of the x-series signal analyzer to the carrier amplitude C display the danl foor together with the log plot phase noise to determine the valid measurement range C easily store and recall traces figure 6. danl measurement figure 7. phase noise plot with subtraction of danl; the danl trace is in magenta other measurement features
09 | keysight | phase noise x-series measurement application N9068A & w9068a - technical overview phase noise measurements up to 50 ghz and beyond when the N9068A phase noise mea - surement application is installed in the n9030a pxa high-performance signal analyzer, one-button phase noise measurements up to 50 ghz can be made. furthermore, when installed in a pxa with external mixing option exm or the millimeter- wave exa with option exm, and an external mixer (such as the keysight m1970v usb smart mixer), the N9068A can perform phase noise measurements covering the carrier frequency up to 110 ghz or even higher. the automated danl mea - surement is not available for external mixing (figure 7). figure 8. phase noise measurement at 67 ghz with pxa option exm and an external mixer phase noise subtraction the x-series signal analyzers also feature phase noise subtraction. using a source with low phase noise, you can eliminate the infuence of the signal analyzers internal phase noise on measurement results for close-in offset frequencies. use reference trace subtractions to: C improve measurement accuracy and sensitivity C make the best trade-off between cancellation effectiveness and computation time with user- selectable thresholds by using the trace subtraction func - tion, you can subtract the danl foor or phase noise of the x-series signal analyzer.
10 | keysight | phase noise x-series measurement application N9068A & w9068a - technical overview key specifcations description pxa mxa exa cxa cxa-m mxe measurement modes log plot, spot frequency, spectrum monitor, and iq waveform maximum carrier frequency opt 503: 3.6 ghz opt 508: 8.4 ghz opt 513: 13.6 ghz opt 526: 26.5 ghz opt 543: 43 ghz opt 544: 44 ghz opt 550: 50 ghz opt exm: > 50 ghz opt 503: 3.6 ghz opt 508: 8.4 ghz opt 513: 13.6 ghz opt 526: 26.5 ghz opt 503: 3.6 ghz opt 507: 7.0 ghz opt 513: 13.6 ghz opt 526: 26.5 ghz opt 532: 32 ghz1 opt 544: 44 ghz1 opt 503: 3.0 ghz opt 507: 7.5 ghz opt 513: 13.6 ghz opt 526: 26.5 ghz opt f03: 3.0 ghz opt f07: 7.5 ghz opt f13: 13.6 ghz opt f26: 26.5 ghz opt 508: 8.4 ghz opt 526: 26.5 ghz offset frequency range minimum offset frequency 1 hz 2 maximum offset frequency (f opt - f cf ) hz, where f opt is the max frequency of the analyzer's frequency option, and fcf the carrier frequency of the signal under test maximum number of decades depends on frequency offset range measurment accuracy phase noise density ac - curacy 0.2 db 0.3 db 0.5 db 0.9 db 1.06 db offset frequency accuracy 0.5% 0.5% 0.5% 0.5% 0.5% smoothing fine-adjustable between 0% and 16% rms noise calculation rms phase deviation, rms jitter, residual fm, rms noise power 1 , and integrated noise power 1 are calculated over a user-defned integral interval base instrument phase noise (typical with center frequency = 1 ghz) offset frequency 100 hz 1 khz 10 khz 100 khz 1 mhz 10 mhz C100 dbc/hz C125 dbc/hz C132 dbc/hz C131 dbc/hz C146 dbc/hz C158 dbc/hz C91 dbc/hz C112 dbc/hz (nom) C113 dbc/hz C116 dbc/hz C135 dbc/hz C148 dbc/hz (nom) C84 dbc/hz C98 dbc/hz (nom) C103 dbc/hz C115 dbc/hz C135 dbc/hz C148 dbc/hz (nom) n.a. C103 dbc/hz C110 dbc/hz C110 dbc/hz C130 dbc/hz C145 (nom) dbc/hz C 90 (nom) dbc/hz C105 dbc/hz C110 dbc/hz C110 dbc/hz C132 dbc/hz C145 (nom) dbc/hz 1. base instrument phase noise performance at 1 ghz for mmw exa is slightly different from that for rf/uw exa. refer to exa specifcations guide for more details. 2. requires option afp or atp for previously purchased equipment defnitions C specifcations describe the performance of parameters covered by the product warranty. C 95th percentile values indicate the breadth of the population (2) of performance tolerances expected to be met in 95% of cases with a 95% confdence. these values are not covered by the product warranty. C typical values are designated with the abbreviation typ. these are per - formance beyond specifcation that 80% of the units exhibit with a 95% confdence. these values are not covered by the product warranty. C nominal values are designated with the abbreviation nom. these values indicate expected performance, or describe product performance that is useful in the application of the product, but is not covered by the product warranty. note: data subject to change
11 | keysight | phase noise x-series measurement application N9068A & w9068a - technical overview key specifcations (continued) figure 9. pxa (n9030a) nominal phase noise at various center frequencies frequency (khz) -20 -30 -40 -50 -60 -70 -80 -90 -100 -110 -120 -130 -140 -150 -160 -170 0.1 cf=1 ghz cf=10.2 ghz cf=25.2 ghz rbw=100 hz rbw=1 khz rbw=10 khz rbw=100 khz 1 10 100 1000 10000 ssb phase noise (dbc/hz) cf=50 ghz figure 10. mxa (n9020a) nominal phase noise at different center frequencies figure 11. rf/mw exa (option n9010a-503, 507, 513, 526) nominal phase noise at different center frequencies
12 | keysight | phase noise x-series measurement application N9068A & w9068a - technical overview key specifcations (continued) n o m i nal p h ase n o i s e a t d i f f e r e n t c e n t e r f r equenci e s w i t h r b w s e l e c t i v ity cur ves , o p t i m i z e d p h a s e n o i s e , v e r s u s o ffs e t f r e que n c y - 170 - 160 - 150 - 140 - 130 - 120 - 110 - 100 - 9 0 - 8 0 - 7 0 - 6 0 - 5 0 - 4 0 - 3 0 - 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 . 0 1 0 . 0 f req ( k h z ) ssb phase noise (dbc/hz) c f = 6 0 0 m h z c f = 1 0 . 2 g h z c f = 2 5 . 2 ghz rb w = 100 k h z rb w = 10 k h z r b w = 1 k h z rb w = 1 00 h z figure 13. cxa (n9000a) nominal phase noise at different center frequencies figure 14. cxa-m (m9290a) nominal phase noise at different center frequencies figure 12. millimeter-wave (mmw) exa (option n9010a-532, 544) nominal phase noise at different center frequencies n o m i nal p h ase n o i s e a t d i f f e r e n t c e n t e r f r equenci e s w i t h r b w s e l e c t i v ity cur ves , o p t i m i z e d p h a s e n o i s e , v e r s u s o ffs e t f r e que n c y - 170 - 160 - 150 - 140 - 130 - 120 - 110 - 100 - 9 0 - 8 0 - 7 0 - 6 0 - 5 0 - 4 0 - 3 0 - 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 . 0 1 0 . 0 f req ( k h z ) ssb phase noise (dbc/hz) c f = 6 0 0 m h z c f = 1 0 . 2 g h z c f = 2 5 . 2 ghz rb w = 100 k h z rb w = 10 k h z r b w = 1 k h z rb w = 1 00 h z
13 | keysight | phase noise x-series measurement application N9068A & w9068a - technical overview ordering information software licensing and configuration choose from two license types: C fixed, perpetual license: this allows you to run the application in the x-series analyzer in which it is initially installed. C transportable, perpetual license: this allows you to run the application in the x-series analyzer or controller in which it is initially installed, plus it may be transferred from one x-series analyzer or controller to another. try before you buy! free 30-day trials of x-series measurement applications provide unrestricted use of each applica - tions features and functionality on your x-series analyzer. redeem a trial license online today: www.keysight.com/fnd/x-series_trial the table below contains information on our fxed, perpetual licenses. for more information, please visit the product web pages. N9068A & w9068a phase noise x-series measurement application description model-option additional information pxa, mxa, exa cxa/cxa-m 1 phase noise N9068A-2fp w9068a-2fp phase noise feature enhancements N9068A-afp w9068a-afp option afp is for upgrades only. enhancements are standard with purchase of new n/w9068a. 1. the cxa-m only supports transportable license. visit the product web page for further information. www.keysight.com/find/N9068A-meu www.keysight.com/find/w9068a-meu
14 | keysight | phase noise x-series measurement application N9068A & w9068a - technical overview hardware confguration n9030a pxa signal analyzer description model-option additional information 3.6, 8.4, 13.6, 26.5, 43, 44, or 50 ghz frequency range n9030a-503, -508, -513, -526, -543, -544, or -550 one required external mixing n9030a-exm one required n9020a mxa signal analyzer description model-option additional information 3.6, 8.4, 13.6, or 26.5 ghz frequency range n9020a-503, -508, -513, or -526 one required n9010a exa signal analyzer description model-option additional information 3.6, 7.0, 13.6, 26.5, 32, or 44 ghz frequency range n9010a-503, -507, -513, -526, -532, or -544 one required external mixing n9010a-exm (only available for frequency range options -532 and -544) one required n9000a cxa signal analyzer description model-option additional information 3.0, 7.5, 13.6, or 26.5 ghz frequency range n9000a-503, -507, -513, or -526 one required n9038a mxe emi receiver description model-option additional information 8.4 or 26.5 ghz n9038a-508, 526 one required m9290a cxa-m pxie signal analyzer description model-option additional information 3.0, 7.5, 13.6, or 26.5 ghz frequency range m9290a-f03, -f07, -f13 or -f26 one required for a complete list of specifications refer to the appropriate specifications guide. pxa: www.keysight.com/find/pxa_specifications mxa: www.keysight.com/find/mxa_specifications exa: www.keysight.com/find/exa_specifications cxa: www.keysight.com/find/cxa_specifications mxe: www.keysight.com/find/mxe_specifications cxa-m: www.keysight.com/find/cxa-m_specifications
15 | keysight | phase noise x-series measurement application N9068A & w9068a - technical overview related literature N9068A & w9068a phase noise measurement application measurement guide , literature number n9068-90011 phase noise measurement selection guide, literature number 5990-5725en web product page: www.keysight.com/fnd/N9068A www.keysight.com/fnd/w9068a x-series measurement applications: www.keysight.com/fnd/x-series_apps x-series signal analyzers: www.keysight.com/fnd/x-series mxe emi receiver: www.keysight.com/fnd/mxe cxa-m pxie signal analyzer: www.keysight.com/fnd/cxa-m
16 | keysight | phase noise x-series measurement application N9068A & w9068a - technical overview this information is subject to change without notice. ? keysight technologies, 2013 - 2015 published in usa, march 18, 2015 5989-5354en www.keysight.com mykeysight www.keysight.com/find/mykeysight a personalized view into the information most relevant to you. www.axiestandard.org advancedtca ? extensions for instrumentation and test (axie) is an open standard that extends the advancedtca for general purpose and semiconductor test. keysight is a founding member of the axie consortium. atca ? , advancedtca ? , and the atca logo are registered us trademarks of the pci industrial computer manufacturers group. www.lxistandard.org lan extensions for instruments puts the power of ethernet and the web inside your test systems. keysight is a founding member of the lxi consortium. www.pxisa.org pci extensions for instrumentation (pxi) modular instrumentation delivers a rugged, pc-based high-performance measurement and automation system. three-year warranty www.keysight.com/find/threeyearwarranty keysights commitment to superior product quality and lower total cost of ownership. the only test and measurement company with three-year warranty standard on all instruments, worldwide. keysight assurance plans www.keysight.com/find/assuranceplans up to five years of protection and no budgetary surprises to ensure your instruments are operating to specification so you can rely on accurate measurements. www.keysight.com/go/quality keysight technologies, inc. dekra certified iso 9001:2008 quality management system keysight channel partners www.keysight.com/find/channelpartners get the best of both worlds: keysights measurement expertise and product breadth, combined with channel partner convenience. for more information on keysight technologies products, applications or services, please contact your local keysight office. the complete list is available at: www.keysight.com/find/contactus americas canada (877) 894 4414 brazil 55 11 3351 7010 mexico 001 800 254 2440 united states (800) 829 4444 asia pacifc australia 1 800 629 485 china 800 810 0189 hong kong 800 938 693 india 1 800 11 2626 japan 0120 (421) 345 korea 080 769 0800 malaysia 1 800 888 848 singapore 1 800 375 8100 taiwan 0800 047 866 other ap countries (65) 6375 8100 europe & middle east austria 0800 001122 belgium 0800 58580 finland 0800 523252 france 0805 980333 germany 0800 6270999 ireland 1800 832700 israel 1 809 343051 italy 800 599100 luxembourg +32 800 58580 netherlands 0800 0233200 russia 8800 5009286 spain 800 000154 sweden 0200 882255 switzerland 0800 805353 opt. 1 (de) opt. 2 (fr) opt. 3 (it) united kingdom 0800 0260637 for other unlisted countries: www.keysight.com/find/contactus (bp-02-20-15)

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