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  ltc 5800-whm 1 5800whmfa for more information www.linear.com/ltc5800-whm typical application network features description smartmesh wirelesshart node wireless mote smartmesh wirelesshart wireless sensor networks are self managing , low power networks built from wireless nodes called motes . the lt c ? 5800-whm is the wirelesshart mote-on-chip ? integrated circuit in the eterna ? * family of ieee 802.15.4 system-on-chip (soc) solutions, featuring a highly integrated , low power radio design by dust networks ? as well as an arm cortex-m 3 32 - bit microprocessor running dust s embedded smartmesh wirelesshart networking software. the ltc5800 -whm soc features an on-chip power am - plifier ( pa ) and transceiver , requiring only power supply decoupling, crystals , and antenna with matching circuitry to create a complete wireless node.with dust s time-synchronized wirelesshart networks all motes in the network may route , source or terminate data while providing many years of battery powered operation . the smartmesh wirelesshart software provided with the ltc5800 -whm is fully tested and validated , and is readily configured via a software application program - ming interface. smartmesh wirelesshart motes deliver a highly flexible network with proven reliability and low power performance in an easy-to-integrate platform. l , lt , lt c , lt m , linear technology, the linear logo, dust, dust networks, smartmesh and eterna are registered trademarks and ltp, the dust networks logo and mote-on-chip are trademarks of linear technology corporation. all other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. protected by u.s. patents, including 7375594, 7420980, 7529217, 7791419, 7881239, 7898322, 8222965. * eterna is dust networks low power radio soc architecture. ltc5800 -whm features n complete radio transceiver, embedded processor, and networking software for forming a self-healing mesh network n compliant to wirelesshart (iec62591) standard n smartmesh ? networks incorporate: n time synchronized network-wide scheduling n per transmission frequency hopping n redundant spatially diverse topologies n network-wide reliability and power optimization n nist certiied security n smartmesh networks deliver: n >99.999% network reliability achieved in the most challenging dynamic rf environments often found in industrial applications n sub 50a routing nodes n industry-leading low power radio technology with: n 4.5ma to receive a packet n 5.4ma to transmit at 0dbm n 9.7ma to transmit at 8dbm n pcb module versions available (ltp?5901/ltp5902- whm) with rf modular certiications n 2.4ghz, ieee 802.15.4 system-on-chip n 72-pin 10mm 10mm qfn package 5800whm ta01 20mhz controller expanded view mote sensor in+inC spi ltc2379-18 32khz ltc5800-whm uart antenna ltp5903-whr manager uart ethernet antenna host application downloaded from: http:///
ltc 5800-whm 2 5800whmfa for more information www.linear.com/ltc5800-whm table of contents network features .......................................... 1 ltc5800-whm features .................................. 1 typical application ........................................ 1 description.................................................. 1 smartmesh network overview ........................... 3 absolute maximum ratings .............................. 4 order information .......................................... 4 pin configuration .......................................... 4 recommended operating conditions ................... 5 dc characteristics ......................................... 5 radio specifications ...................................... 5 radio receiver characteristics .......................... 6 radio transmitter characteristics ....................... 6 digital i/o characteristics ................................ 7 temperature sensor characteristics .................... 7 analog input chain characteristics ..................... 7 system characteristics ................................... 8 uart ac characteristics .................................. 8 timen ac characteristics ................................ 10 radio_inhibit ac characteristics ....................... 10 flash ac characteristics ................................. 11 flash spi slave ac characteristics .................... 11 electrical characteristics ................................ 12 typical performance characteristics .................. 13 pin functions .............................................. 17 operation................................................... 22 power supply .......................................................... 22 supply monitoring and reset ................................. 23 precision timing ..................................................... 23 application time synchronization .......................... 23 time references ..................................................... 23 radio ...................................................................... 24 uarts ..................................................................... 24 autonomous mac ................................................... 25 security .................................................................. 25 temperature sensor ............................................... 26 radio inhibit ........................................................... 26 flash programming ................................................ 26 flash data retention ............................................ 26 state diagram ......................................................... 28 applications information ................................ 29 regulatory and standards compliance ................... 29 soldering information ............................................. 29 related documentation .................................. 30 package description ..................................... 31 typical application ....................................... 32 related parts .............................................. 32 downloaded from: http:///
ltc 5800-whm 3 5800whmfa for more information www.linear.com/ltc5800-whm smartmesh network overview the network manager uses health reports to continually optimize the network to maintain >99.999% data reliability even in the most challenging rf environments. the use of tsch allows smartmesh devices to sleep in between scheduled communications and draw very little power in this state . motes are only active in time slots where they are scheduled to transmit or receive , typically resulting in a duty cycle of < 1%. the optimization soft - ware in the network manager coordinates this schedule automatically . when combined with the eterna low power radio, every mote in a smartmesh network even busy routing ones can run on batteries for years . by default , all motes in a network are capable of routing traffic from other motes , which simplifies installation by avoiding the complexity of having distinct routers vs non-routing end nodes. motes may be configured as non-routing to further reduce that particular mote s power consumption and to support a wide variety of network topologies. a smartmesh network consists of a self-forming multi-hop mesh of nodes , known as motes , which collect and relay data, and a network manager that monitors and manages network performance and security , and exchanges data with a host application. smartmesh networks communicate using a time slotted channel hopping ?( tsch) link layer , pioneered by dust networks. in a tsch network , all motes in the network are synchronized to within less than a millisecond . time in the network is organized into time slots , which enables collision-free packet exchange and per-transmission channel-hopping. in a smartmesh network , every device has one or more parents (e.g. mote 3 has motes 1 and 2 as parents ) that provide redundant paths to overcome communications interruption due to interference , physical obstruction or multi-path fading . if a packet transmission fails on one path , the next retransmission may try on a different path and different rf channel. a network begins to form when the network manager instructs its on-board access point ( ap ) radio to begin sending ? advertisements packets that contain information that enables a device to synchronize to the network and request to join . this message exchange is part of the ? secu - rity ? handshake that establishes encrypted communications between the manager or application , and mote . once motes have joined the network , they maintain synchronization through time corrections when a packet is acknowledged . at the heart of smartmesh motes and network manag - ers is the eterna ieee 802.15.4 e system-on-chip (soc), featuring dust networks highly integrated , low power radio design , plus an arm cortex-m 3 32 -bit micropro - cessor running smartmesh networking software . the smartmesh networking software comes fully compiled yet is configurable via a rich set of application program - ming interfaces (apis) which allows a host application to interact with the network , e .g. to transfer information to a device , to configure data publishing rates on one or more motes , or to monitor network state or performance metrics. data publishing can be uniform or different for each device , with motes being able to publish infrequently or faster than once per second as needed. an ongoing discovery process ensures that the network continually discovers new paths as the rf conditions change. in addition , each mote in the network tracks per - formance statistics (e.g. quality of used paths , and lists of potential paths ) and periodically sends that information to the network manager in packets called health reports . all nodes are routers. they can transmit and receive. this new node can join anywhere because all nodes can route. sno 02 host application ap sno 01 network manager mote 2 mote 1 mote 3 downloaded from: http:///
ltc 5800-whm 4 5800whmfa for more information www.linear.com/ltc5800-whm pin configuration absolute maximum ratings supply voltage on vsupply .................................. 4.20 v input voltage on ai _0/ ai _1/ ai _2/ ai _3 inputs ........ 1.80 v voltage on any digital i/o pin C0.3 v to vsupply + 0.3 v input rf level ...................................................... 10 dbm storage temperature range ( note 3) ..... C55 c to 125 c junction temperature ( note 3) ............................. 125 c operating temperature range ltc 5800 i ............................................. C40 c to 85 c ltc 5800 h .......................................... C55 c to 105 c caution: this part is sensitive to electrostatic discharge (esd). it is very important that proper esd precautions be observed when handling the ltc5800-whm. (note 1) top view wr package 72-lead plastic qfn radio_inhibit 1 cap_pa_1p 2 cap_pa_1m 3 cap_pa_2m 4 cap_pa_2p 5cap_pa_3p 6 cap_pa_3m 7cap_pa_4m 8 cap_pa_4p 9 vddpa 10 lna_en / gpio17 11 radio_tx / gpio18 12 radio_txn / gpio19 13 antenna 14 ai_0 15ai_1 16 ai_3 17 ai_2 18 osc_32k_xout 19 osc_32k_xin 20 vbgap 21 resetn 22 tdi 23 tdo 24 tms 25 tck 26 dp4 (gpio23) 27 osc_20m_xin 28 osc_20m_xout 29 vdda 30 vcore 31 vosc 32 dp3 (gpio22) / timer8_in 33 dp2 (gpio21) / lptimer_in 34 sleepn / gpio14 35 dp0 (gpio0) / spim_ss_2n 36 54 vpp53 spis_ssn / sda 52 spis_sck / scl 51 spis_mosi / gpio26 / uartc1_rx 50 spis_miso / 1_wire / uartc1_tx 49 pwm0 / gpio1648 dp1 (gpio20) / timer16_in 47 spim_ss_0n / gpio12 46 spim_ss_1n / gpio13 45 ipcs_ssn / gpio3 44 ipcs_sck / gpio4 43 spim_sck / gpio9 42 ipcs_mosi / gpio5 41 spim_mosi / gpio10 40 ipcs_miso / gpio6 39 spim_miso / gpio11 38 uartco_rx37 uartco_tx exposed pad (gnd) 72 timen71 uart_tx 70 uart_tx_ctsn 69 uart_tx-rtsn 68 uart_rx 67 uart_rx_ctsn 66 uart_rx_rtsn 65 vsupply 64 cap_prime_1p 63 cap_prime_1m 62 cap_prime_2m 61 cap_prime_2p 60 cap_prime_3p 59 cap_prime_3m 58 cap_prime_4m 57 cap_prime_4p 56 vprime 55 flash_p_enn t jmax = 125c, jctop = 0.2c/w, jcbottom = 0.6c/w exposed pad is gnd, must be soldered to pcb order information lead free finish part marking* package description temperature range ltc5800iwr-whma#pbf ltc5800wr-whma 72-lead (10mm 10mm 0.85mm) plastic qfn C40c to 85c ltc5800hwr-whma#pbf ltc5800wr-whma 72-lead (10mm 10mm 0.85mm) plastic qfn C55c to 105c *the temperature grade is identified by a label on the shipping container.for more information on lead free part marking, go to: http://www.linear.com/leadfree/ this product is only offered in trays. for more information go to: http://www.linear.com/packaging/ pin functions shown in italics are currently not supported in software . downloaded from: http:///
ltc 5800-whm 5 5800whmfa for more information www.linear.com/ltc5800-whm recommended operating conditions the l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at t a = 25c and vsupply = 3.6v unless otherwise noted. symbol parameter conditions min typ max units vsupply supply voltage including noise and load regulation l 2.1 3.76 v supply noise requires recommended rlc filter, 50hz to 2mhz l 250 mv operating relative humidity non-condensing l 10 90 % rh temperature ramp rate while operating in network l C8 +8 c/min dc characteristics the l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at t a = 25c and vsupply = 3.6v unless otherwise noted. operation/state conditions min typ max units reset after power-on reset 1.2 a power-on reset during power-on reset, maximum 750s + vsupply rise time from 1v to 1.9v 12 ma doze ram on, arm cortex-m3, flash, radio, and peripherals off, all data and state retained, 32.768khz reference active 1.2 a deep sleep ram on, arm cortex-m3, flash, radio, and peripherals off, all data and state retained, 32.768khz reference inactive 0.8 a in-cir cuit programming resetn and flash_p_enn asserted, ipcs_sck at 8mhz 20 ma peak operating current +8 dbm +0 dbm system operating at 14.7mhz, radio transmitting, during flash write. maximum duration 4.33 ms. 30 26 ma ma active arm cortex m3, ram and flash operating, radio and all other peripherals off. clock frequency of cpu and peripherals set to 7.3728mhz, vcore = 1.2v 1.3 ma flash write single bank flash write 3.7 ma flash erase single bank page or mass erase 2.5 ma radio tx +0 dbm (ltc5800i) +0 dbm (ltc5800h) +8 dbm (ltc5800i) +8 dbm (ltc5800h) current with autonomous mac managing radio operation, cpu inactive. clock frequency of cpu and peripherals set to 7.3728mhz. 5.4 5.6 9.7 9.9 ma ma ma ma radio rx ltc5800i ltc5800h current with autonomous mac managing radio operation, cpu inactive. clock frequency of cpu and peripherals set to 7.3728mhz. 4.5 4.7 ma ma radio specifications the l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at t a = 25c and vsupply = 3.6v unless otherwise noted. parameter conditions min typ max units frequency band l 2.4000 2.4835 ghz number of channels l 15 channel separation l 5 mhz channel center frequency where k = 11 to 25, as defined by ieee.802.15.4 l 2405 + 5 ? (k-11) mhz raw data rate l 250 kbps antenna pin esd protection hbm per jedec jesd22-a114f 1000 v range (note 4) indoor outdoor free space 25c, 50% rh, +2dbi omni-directional antenna, antenna 2m above ground 100 300 1200 m m m downloaded from: http:///
ltc 5800-whm 6 5800whmfa for more information www.linear.com/ltc5800-whm radio receiver characteristics the l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at t a = 25c and vsupply = 3.6v unless otherwise noted. parameter conditions min typ max units receiver sensitivity packet error rate (per) = 1% (note 5) C93 dbm receiver sensitivity per = 50% C95 dbm saturation maximum input level the receiver will properly receive packets 0 dbm adjacent channel rejection ( high side ) desired signal at -82dbm, adjacent modulated channel 5mhz above the desired signal, per = 1% (note 5) 22 dbc adjacent channel rejection (low side) desired signal at C82dbm, adjacent modulated channel 5mhz below the desired signal, per = 1% (note 5) 19 dbc alternate channel rejection (high side) desired signal at C82dbm, alternate modulated channel 10mhz above the desired signal, per = 1% (note 5) 40 dbc alternate channel rejection (low side) desired signal at C82dbm, alternate modulated channel 10mhz below the desired signal, per = 1% (note 5) 36 dbc second alternate channel rejection desired signal at C82dbm, second alternate modulated channel either 15mhz above or below, per = 1% (note 5) 42 dbc co-channel rejection desired signal at C82dbm, undesired signal is an 802.15.4 modulated signal at the same frequency, per = 1% C6 dbc lo feed through C55 dbm frequency error tolerance (note 6) 50 ppm symbol error tolerance 50 ppm received signal strength indicator (rssi) input range C90 to C10 dbm rssi accuracy 6 db rssi resolution 1 db radio transmitter characteristics the l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at t a = 25c and vsupply = 3.6v unless otherwise noted. parameter conditions min typ max units output power high calibrated setting low calibrated setting delivered to a 50 load 8 0 dbm dbm spurious emissions 30 mhz to 1000mhz 1 ghz to 12.75ghz 2.4 ghz ism upper band edge (peak) 2.4 ghz ism upper band edge (average) 2.4 ghz ism lower band edge conducted measurement with a 50 single-ended load, +8dbm output power. all measurements made with max hold. rf implementation per eterna reference design r bw = 120khz, v bw = 100hz r bw = 1mhz, v bw = 3mhz r bw = 1mhz, v bw = 3mhz r bw = 1mhz, v bw = 10hz r bw = 100khz, v bw = 100khz ltc 5800-whm 7 5800whmfa for more information www.linear.com/ltc5800-whm digital i / o characteristics the l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at t a = 25c and vsupply = 3.6v unless otherwise noted. symbol parameter conditions (note 7) min typ max units v il low level input voltage l C0.3 0.6 v v ih high level input voltage (note 8) l vsupply C 0.3 vsupply + 0.3 v v ol low level output voltage type 1, i ol(max) = 1.2ma l 0.4 v low level output voltage type 2, low drive, i ol(max) = 2.2ma l 0.4 v low level output voltage type 2, high drive, i ol(max) = 4.5ma l 0.4 v v oh high level output voltage type 1, i oh(max) = C0.8ma l vsupply C 0.3 vsupply + 0.3 v high level output voltage type 2, low drive, i oh(max) = C1.6ma l vsupply C 0.3 vsupply + 0.3 v high level output voltage type 2, high drive, i oh(max) = C3.2ma l vsupply C 0.3 vsupply + 0.3 v input leakage current input driven to vsupply or gnd 50 na pull-up/pull-down resistance 50 k temperature sensor characteristics the l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at t a = 25c and vsupply = 3.6v unless otherwise noted. parameter conditions min typ max units offset temperature offset error at 25c 0.25 c slope error 0.033 c/c analog input chain characteristics the l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at t a = 25c and vsupply = 3.6v unless otherwise noted. symbol parameter conditions min typ max units variable gain amplifier gain gain error 1 8 2 % dnl offset-digital to analog converter (dac) full-scale resolution differential non-linearity 1.80 4 2.7 v bits mv dnl inl analog to digital converter (adc) full-scale, signal resolution offset differential non-linearity integral non-linearity settling time conversion time current consumption mid-scale 10k source impedance 1.80 1.8 1.4 40 12 1 1 10 20 v mv lsb lsb lsb s s a analog inputs (note 9) load series input resistance 20 1 pf k downloaded from: http:///
ltc 5800-whm 8 5800whmfa for more information www.linear.com/ltc5800-whm system characteristics the l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at t a = 25c and vsupply = 3.6v unless otherwise noted. symbol parameter conditions min typ max units doze to active state transition 5 s doze to radio tx or rx 1.2 ms q cca charge to sample rf channel rssi charge consumed starting from doze state and completing an rssi measurement 4 c q max largest atomic charge operation flash erase, 21ms max duration l 200 c resetn pulse width l 125 s uart ac characteristics the l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at t a = 25c and vsupply = 3.6v unless otherwise noted. (note 13) symbol parameter conditions min typ max units permitted r x baud rate error both application programming interface (api) and command line interface (cli) uarts l C2 2 % generated t x baud rate error both api and cli uarts l C1 1 % t rx_rts to rx_cts assertion of uart_rx_rtsn to assertion of uart_rx_ctsn, or negation of uart_rx_ rtsn to negation of uart_rx_ctsn l 0 2 ms t cts_r to rx assertion of uart_rx_ctsn to start of byte l 0 20 ms t eop to rx_rts end of packet (end of the last stop bit) to negation of uart_rx_rtsn l 0 22 ms t beg_tx_rts to tx_cts assertion of uart_tx_rtsn to assertion of uart_tx_ctsn l 0 22 ms t end_tx_rts to tx_cts negation of uart_tx_rtsn to negation of uart_tx_ctsn mode 2 only 22 ms t end_tx_cts to tx_rts negation of uart_tx_ctsn to negation of uart_tx_rtsn mode 4 only 2 bit period t tx_cts to tx assertion of uart_tx_ctsn to start of byte l 0 2 bit period t eop to tx_rts end of packet (end of the last stop bit) to negation of uart_tx_rtsn l 0 1 bit period t rx_interbyte receive inter-byte delay l 100 ms t rx_interpacket receive inter-packet delay l 20 ms t tx_interpacket transmit inter-packet delay l 1 bit period t tx to tx_cts start of byte to negation of uart_tx_ctsn l 0 ns downloaded from: http:///
ltc 5800-whm 9 5800whmfa for more information www.linear.com/ltc5800-whm uart ac characteristics figure 1. api uart timing 5800ipm f01 uart_rx_rtsn uart_rx_ctsn t rx_rts to rx_cts uart_rx uart_tx_rtsn uart_tx_ctsn uart_tx t eop to rx_rts t rx_rts to rx_cts t rx_cts to rx t rx_interbyte byte 0 byte 1 byte 0 byte 1 t tx_rts to tx_cts t end_tx_cts to tx_rts t tx_cts to tx t tx to tx_cts t eop to tx_rts t end_tx_rts to tx_cts t tx_interpacket t rx_interpacket downloaded from: http:///
ltc 5800-whm 10 5800whmfa for more information www.linear.com/ltc5800-whm radio _ inhibit ac characteristics the l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at t a = 25c and vsupply = 3.6v unless otherwise noted. (note 13) symbol parameter conditions min typ max units t radio_off delay from rising edge of radio_inhibit to radio disabled l 20 ms t radio_inhibit_strobe maximum radio_inhibit strobe width l 2 s 5800whm f03 radio_inhibit radio state t radio_off t radio_inhibit_strobe active/off active/off off figure 3. radio_inhibit timing time n ac characteristics the l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at t a = 25c and vsupply = 3.6v unless otherwise noted. (note 13) symbol parameter conditions min typ max units t strobe timen signal strobe width l 125 s t response delay from rising edge of timen to the start of time packet on api uart l 0 100 ms t time_hold delay from end of time packet on api uart to falling edge of subsequent timen l 0 ns timestamp resolution (note 10) l 1 s network-wide time accuracy (note 11) l 5 s 5800whm f02 timen uart_tx t strobe t time_hold t response time indication payload figure 2. timestamp timing downloaded from: http:///
ltc 5800-whm 11 5800whmfa for more information www.linear.com/ltc5800-whm flash ac characteristics the l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at t a = 25c and vsupply = 3.6v unless otherwise noted. (note 13) symbol parameter conditions min typ max units t write time to write a 32-bit word (note 12) l 21 s t page_erase time to erase a 2kb page (note 12) l 21 ms t mass_erase time to erase 256kb flash bank (note 12) l 21 ms data retention 25c 85c 105c 100 20 8 years y ears years flash spi slave ac characteristics the l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at t a = 25c and vsupply = 3.6v unless otherwise noted. (note 13) symbol parameter conditions min typ max units t fp_en_to_reset setup from assertion of flash_p_enn to assertion of resetn l 0 ns t fp_enter delay from the assertion resetn to the first falling edge of ipcs_ssn l 125 s t fp_exit delay from the completion of the last flash spi slave transaction to the negation of resetn and flash_p_enn (note 13) l 10 s t sss ipcs_ssn setup to the leading edge of ipcs_sck l 15 ns t ssh ipcs_ssn hold from trailing edge of ipcs_sck l 15 ns t ck ipcs_sck period l 300 ns t dis ipcs_mosi data setup l 15 ns t dih ipcs_mosi data hold l 5 ns t dov ipcs_miso data valid l C5 30 ns t off ipcs_miso data tri-state l 0 30 ns figure 4. flash programming interface timing 5800ipm f04 ipcs_sck ipcs_mosi ipcs_ssn resetn flash_p_enn t fp_en_to_reset t fp_enter t sss t ck t ssh t fp_exit t dis t dih t dov t off ipcs_miso downloaded from: http:///
ltc 5800-whm 12 5800whmfa for more information www.linear.com/ltc5800-whm electrical characteristics note 1: stresses beyond those listed under absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. exposure to any absolute maximum rating condition for extended periods may affect device reliability and lifetime. note 2: esd (electrostatic discharge) sensitive device. esd protection devices are used extensively internal to eterna. however, high electrostatic discharge can damage or degrade the device. use proper esd handling precautions. note 3: extended storage at high temperature is discouraged, as this negatively affects the data retention of eternas calibration data. see the flash data retention section for details. note 4: actual rf range is subject to a number of installation-specific variables including, but not restricted to ambient temperature, relative humidity, presence of active interference sources, line-of-sight obstacles, and near-presence of objects (for example, trees, walls, signage, and so on) that may induce multipath fading. as a result, range varies. note 5: as specified by ieee std. 802.15.4-2006: wireless medium access control (mac) and physical layer (phy) specifications for low-rate wireless personal area networks (lr-wpans) http://standards.ieee.org/findstds/standard/802.15.4-2011.html note 6: ieee std. 802.15.4-2006 requires transmitters to maintain a frequency tolerance of better than 40ppm.note 7: per-pin io types are provided in the pin functions section. note 8: vih maximum voltage input must respect the vsupply maximum voltage specification.note 9: the analog inputs to the adc can be modeled as a series resistor to a capacitor. at a minimum the entire circuit, including the source impedance for the signal driving the analog input should be designed to settle to within ? lsb within the sampling window to match the performance of the adc. note 10: see the smartmesh wirelesshart api guide for the timeindication notification definition. note 11: network time accuracy is a statistical measure and varies over the temperature range, reporting rate and the location of the device relative to the manager in the network. see the typical performance characteristics section for a more detailed description. note 12: code execution from flash banks being written or erased is suspended until completion of the flash operation. note 13: guaranteed by design. not production tested. downloaded from: http:///
ltc 5800-whm 13 5800whmfa for more information www.linear.com/ltc5800-whm typical performance characteristics network motes typically route through at least two parents the traffic destined for the manager . the supply current graphs shown in figure 5 include a parameter called de - scendants. in these graphs the term descendants is short for traffic-weighted descendants and refers to an amount of activity equivalent to the number of descendants if all of the network traffic directed to the mote in question . generally the number of descendants of a parent is more , typically 2 x or more , than the number of traffic-weighted descendants. for example , with reference to figure 6 mote p1 has 0.75 traffic-weighted descendants . to obtain this value notice that mote d 1 routes half its packets through mote p 1 adding 0.5 to the traffic-weighted descendant value; the other half of d 1 s traffic is routed through its other parent , p 2. mote d 2 routes half its packets through mote d 1 ( the other half going through parent p 3), which we know routes half its packets to mote p 1, adding another 0.25 to the traffic-weighted descendant value for a total traffic-weighted descendant value of 0.75. as described in the application time synchronization section, eterna provides two mechanisms for applications to maintain a time base across a network . the synchro - nization performance plots that follow were generated using the more precise timen input . publishing rate is the rate a mote application sends upstream data . syn - chronization improves as the publishing rate increases . baseline synchronization performance is provided for a network operating with a publishing rate of zero . actual performance for applications in network will improve as publishing rates increase . all synchronization testing was performed with the 1 -hop mote inside a temperature chamber. timing errors due to temperature changes and temperature differences both between the manager and this mote and between this mote and its descendents therefore propagated down through the network . the syn - chronization of the 3 -hop and 5 -hop motes to the manager was then affected by the temperature ramps even though they were at room temperature . for 2c/ minute testing the temperature chamber was cycled between C40 c and 85 c at this rate for 24 hours . for 8c/ minute testing , the temperature chamber was rapidly cycled between 85 c and 45 c for 8 hours , followed by rapid cycling between C5c and 45 c for 8 hours , and lastly , rapid cycling between C40c and 15c for 8 hours. figure 6. example network graph figure 5 manager 1 hop2 hop 3 hop 5800whm f06 p1 p2 p3 d1 d2 temperature (c) C60 0 supply current (a) 20 60 80 100 120 5800whm f05a 40 C40 C20 40 20 0 80 60 100 2 descendants 5sec reporting5 descendants 30sec reporting 2 descendants 30sec reporting 0 descendants 5sec reporting 0 descendants 30sec reporting reporting interval (sec) 0 0 median latency (sec) 2 3 4 10 5800whm f05b 1 6 7 8 95 30 10 20 25 5 15 5 hops4 hops 3 hops 2 hops 1 hop reporting interval (sec) 0 0 supply current (a) 100 5800whm f05c 200150 50 250 30 10 20 25 5 15 5 descendants2 descendants 1 descendants 0 descendants downloaded from: http:///
ltc 5800-whm 14 5800whmfa for more information www.linear.com/ltc5800-whm typical performance characteristics timen synchronization error 0 packet/s publishing rate, 1 hop, room temperature timen synchronization error 0 packet/s publishing rate, 3 hops, room temperature timen synchronization error 0 packet/s publishing rate, 5 hops, room temperature timen synchronization error 0 packet/s publishing rate, 1 hop, 2c/min timen synchronization error 0 packet/s publishing rate, 3 hops, 2c/min timen synchronization error 0 packet/s publishing rate, 5 hops, 2c/min timen synchronization error 0 packet/s publishing rate, 1 hop, 8c/min timen synchronization error 0 packet/s publishing rate, 3 hops, 8c/min timen synchronization error 0 packet/s publishing rate, 5 hops, 8c/min synchronization error (s) C500 normalized frequency of occurence (%) 0 5800whm g01 C100 C300 300 100 500 0 10 5 15 2520 3530 = 0.1 = 35.0 n = 281490 synchronization error (s) C500 normalized frequency of occurence (%) 0 5800whm g02 C100 C300 300 100 500 0 42 6 10 8 1812 14 16 = C0.7 = 63.0 n = 281492 synchronization error (s) C500 normalized frequency of occurence (%) 0 5800whm g03 C100 C300 300 100 500 0 42 12 6 8 10 = C0.8 = 110.7 n = 281493 synchronization error (s) C500 normalized frequency of occurence (%) 0 5800whm g04 C100 C300 300 100 500 0 5 4540 20 15 10 25 3530 = 10.1 = 35.7 n = 92717 synchronization error (s) C500 normalized frequency of occurence (%) 0 5800whm g05 C100 C300 300 100 500 0 1412 42 6 10 8 = 7.2 = 75.9 n = 92718 synchronization error (s) C500 normalized frequency of occurence (%) 0 5800whm g06 C100 C300 300 100 500 0 98 4 3 2 1 5 76 = 6 = 125.7 n = 92719 synchronization error (s) C500 normalized frequency of occurence (%) 0 5800whm g07 C100 C300 300 100 500 0 4540 20 15 10 5 25 3530 = 15.3 = 39.4 n = 91114 synchronization error (s) C500 normalized frequency of occurence (%) 0 5800whm g08 C100 C300 300 100 500 0 1412 42 6 10 8 = 10.9 = 81.5 n = 95165 synchronization error (s) C500 normalized frequency of occurence (%) 0 5800whm g09 C100 C300 300 100 500 0 87 3 2 1 4 65 = 10.7 = 136.8 n = 95167 downloaded from: http:///
ltc 5800-whm 15 5800whmfa for more information www.linear.com/ltc5800-whm as described in the smartmesh network overview sec - tion, devices in network spend the vast majority of their time inactive in their lowest power state (doze). on a synchronous schedule a mote will wake to communicate with another mote . regularly occurring sequences which wake, perform a significant function and return to sleep are considered atomic . these operations are considered atomic as the sequence of events can not be separated into smaller events while performing a useful function . for example , transmission of a packet over the radio is an atomic operation . atomic operations are characterized in either charge or energy . in a time slot where a mote successfully sends a packet , an atomic transmit includes setup prior to sending the message , sending the message , receiving the acknowledgment and the post processing needed as a result of the message being sent . similarly in a time slot when a mote successfully receives a packet , an atomic receive includes setup prior to listening , listening until the start of the packet transition , receiving the packet , sending the acknowledgement and post processing re - quired due to the arrival of the packet.t o ensure reliability each mote in the network is provided multiple time slots for each packet it nominally will send and for ward . the time slots are assigned to communicate upstream, toward the manager , with at least two different motes. when combined with frequency hopping this pro - vides temporal , spatial and spectral redundancy . given this approach a mote will often listen for a message that it will never receive , since the time slot is not being used by the transmitting mote . it has already successfully transmitted the packet. since typically 3 time slots are scheduled for every 1 packet to be sent or forwarded , motes will perform more of these atomic idle listens than atomic transmit or atomic receive sequences . examples of transmit , receive and idle listen atomic operations are shown in figure 7. typical performance characteristics downloaded from: http:///
ltc 5800-whm 16 5800whmfa for more information www.linear.com/ltc5800-whm typical performance characteristics figure 7 charge 5800whm f07a 0 current 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 C5 0 5 10 15 20 25 C2000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 current (ma) charge (c) doze power up doze radio rx turn on idle receive radio rx shut down time (s) atomic operation ? idle listen, 10ms time slot (15.1c total charge at 3.6v), 25c, ltc5800i 5800whm f07b 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 C5 0 5 10 15 20 25 C2000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 current (ma) charge (c) time (s) atomic operation ? maximum length transmit with acknowlege, 10ms time slot (39.2c total charge at 3.6v), 25c, ltc5800i doze power up guard time doze receive with aes tx acknowledge post message processing current charge radio rx turn on radio receive 5800whm f07c 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 C5 0 5 10 15 20 25 C2000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 current (ma) charge (c) time (s) atomic operation ? maximum length transmit with acknowlege, 10ms time slot (55.9c total charge at 3.6v), 25c, ltc5800i doze power up tx prep doze packet transmission rx acknowledge post message processing current charge downloaded from: http:///
ltc 5800-whm 17 5800whmfa for more information www.linear.com/ltc5800-whm pin functions the following table organizes the pins by functional groups. for those i / o with multiple functions the alternate functions are shown on the second and third line in their respective row . the no column provides the pin number . the second column lists the function . the type column lists the i / o type . the i/o column lists the direction of the signal relative to eterna . the pull column shows which signals have a fixed passive pull-up or pull-down . the description column provides a brief signal description. no power supply type i/o pull description p gnd power - - ground connection, p = qfn paddle 2 cap_pa_1p power - - pa dc/dc converter capacitor 1 plus terminal 3 cap_pa_1m power - - pa dc/dc converter capacitor 1 minus terminal 4 cap_pa_2m power - - pa dc/dc converter capacitor 2 minus terminal 5 cap_pa_2p power - - pa dc/dc converter capacitor 2 plus terminal 6 cap_pa_3p power - - pa dc/dc converter capacitor 3 plus terminal 7 cap_pa_3m power - - pa dc/dc converter capacitor 3 minus terminal 8 cap_pa_4m power - - pa dc/dc converter capacitor 4 minus terminal 9 cap_pa_4p power - - pa dc/dc converter capacitor 4 plus terminal 10 vddpa power - - internal power amplifier power supply, bypass 30 vdda power - - regulated analog supply, bypass 31 vcore power - - regulated core supply, bypass 32 vosc power - - regulated oscillator supply, bypass 54 vpp test - - internal regulator test port 56 vprime power - - internal primary power supply, bypass 57 cap_prime_4p power - - primary dc/dc converter capacitor 4 plus terminal 58 cap_prime_4m power - - primary dc/dc converter capacitor 4 minus terminal 59 cap_prime_3m power - - primary dc/dc converter capacitor 3 minus terminal 60 cap_prime_3p power - - primary dc/dc converter capacitor 3 plus terminal 61 cap_prime_2p power - - primary dc/dc converter capacitor 2 plus terminal 62 cap_prime_2m power - - primary dc/dc converter capacitor 2 minus terminal 63 cap_prime_1m power - - primary dc/dc converter capacitor 1 minus terminal 64 cap_prime_1p power - - primary dc/dc converter capacitor 1 plus terminal 65 vsupply power - - power supply input to eterna no radio type i/o pull description 1 radio_inhibit gpio15 1 (note 14) i i/o - - radio inhibit general purpose digital i/o 11 lna_en gpio17 1 o i/o - - external lna enable general purpose digital i/o 12 radio_tx gpio18 1 o i/o - - radio tx active (external pa enable/switch control) general purpose digital i/o 13 radio_txn gpio19 1 o i/o - - radio tx active (external pa enable/switch control), active low general purpose digital i/o 14 antenna - - - single-ended antenna port, 50 pin functions shown in italics are currently not supported in software. downloaded from: http:///
ltc 5800-whm 18 5800whmfa for more information www.linear.com/ltc5800-whm pin functions pin functions shown in italics are currently not supported in software. no analog type i/o pull description 15 ai_0 analog i - analog input 0 16 ai_1 analog i - analog input 1 17 ai_3 analog i - analog input 3 18 ai_2 analog i - analog input 2 no crystals type i/o pull description 19 osc_32k_xout crystal o - 32 khz crystal xout 20 osc_32k_xin crystal i - 32 khz crystal xin 28 osc_20m_xin crystal i - 20 mhz crystal xin 29 osc_20m_xout crystal o - 20 mhz crystal xout no reset type i/o pull description 22 resetn 1 i up reset input, active low no jtag type i/o pull description 23 tdi 1 i up jtag test data in 24 tdo 1 o - jtag test data out 25 tms 1 i up jtag test mode select 26 tck 1 i down jtag test clock no gpios (note 15) type i/o pull description 27 dp4 (gpio23) 1 i/o - general purpose digital i/o 33 dp3 (gpio22) timer8_ext 1 i/o i - - general purpose digital i/o external input to 8-bit t imer/counter 34 dp2 (gpio21) lptimer_ext 1 i/o i - - general purpose digital i/o external input to low power timer/counter 36 dp0 (gpio0) spim_ss_2n 1 i/o o - - general purpose digital i/o spi master slave select 2, active low 48 dp1 (gpio20) timer16_ext 1 i/o i - - general purpose digital i/o external input to 16-bit timer/counter no special purpose type i/o pull description 35 sleepn gpio14 1 (note 14) i i/o - - deep sleep, active low general purpose digital i/o 49 pwm0 timer16_out gpio16 2 o o i/o - - - pulse width modulator 0 16-bit t imer/counter match output/pwm output general purpose digital i/o 72 timen 1 (note 14) i - time capture request, active low no cli type i/o pull description 37 uartc0_tx 2 o - cli uart 0 transmit 38 uartc0_rx 1 i up cli uart 0 receive downloaded from: http:///
ltc 5800-whm 19 5800whmfa for more information www.linear.com/ltc5800-whm pin functions pin functions shown in italics are currently not supported in software. no spi master type i/o pull description 39 spim_miso gpio11 1 i i/o - - spi master (miso) master in slave out port general purpose digital i/o 41 spim_mosi gpio10 2 o i/o - - spi master (mosi) master out slave in port general purpose digital i/o 43 spim_sck gpio9 2 o i/o - - spi master (sck) serial clock port general purpose digital i/o 46 spim_ss_1n gpio13 1 o i/o - - spi master slave select 1, active low general purpose digital i/o 47 spim_ss_0n gpio12 1 o i/o - - spi master slave select 0, active low general purpose digital i/o no ipcs spi/flash programming (note 16) type i/o pull description 40 ipcs_miso timer16_out gpio6 2 o o i/o - - - spi flash emulation (miso) master in slave out port 16-bit t imer/counter match output/pwm output general purpose digital i/o 42 ipcs_mosi timer16_ext gpio5 1 i i i/o - - - spi flash emulation (mosi) master out slave in port external input to 16-bit t imer/counter general purpose digital i/o 44 ipcs_sck timer8_ext gpio4 1 i i i/o - - - spi flash emulation (sck) serial clock port external input to 8-bit t imer/counter general purpose digital i/o 45 ipcs_ssn lptimer_ext gpio3 1 i i i/o - - - spi flash emulation slave select, active low external input to low power t imer/counter general purpose digital i/o 55 flash_p_enn 1 i up flash program enable, active low no i 2 c/1-wire/spi slave type i/o pull description 50 spis_miso uartc1_tx 1_wire 2 o o i/o - - - spi slave (miso) master in slave out port cli uar t 1 transmit 1 wire master 51 spis_mosi uartc1_rx gpio26 1 i i i/o - - - spi slave (mosi) master out slave in port cli uar t 1 receive general purpose digital i/o 52 spis_sck scl 2 i i/o - - spi slave (sck) serial clock port i2c serial clock 53 spis_ssn sda 2 i i/o - - spi slave select, active low i2c serial data no api uart type i/o pull description 66 uart_rx_rtsn 1 (note 14) i - uart receive ( rts ) request to send, active low 67 uart_rx_ctsn 1 o - uart receive (cts) clear to send, active low 68 uart_rx 1 (note 14) i - uart receive 69 uart_tx_rtsn 1 o - uart transmit ( rts ) request to send, active low 70 uart_tx_ctsn 1 (note 14) i - uart transmit (cts) clear to send, active low 71 uart_tx 2 o - uart transmit note 14: these inputs are always enabled and must be driven or pulled to a valid state to avoid leakage.note 15: see also pins 40, 42, 44, and 45 for additional gpio ports. note 16: embedded programming over the ipcs spi bus is only avaliable when resetn is asserted. downloaded from: http:///
ltc 5800-whm 20 5800whmfa for more information www.linear.com/ltc5800-whm pin functions vsupply: system and i / o power supply . provides power to the chip including the on-chip dc / dc converters . the digital-interface i / o voltages are also set by this voltage . bypass with 2.2 f and 0.1 f to ensure the dc / dc convert - ers operate properly. vddpa: pa-converter bypass pin . a 0.47 f cap should be connected from vddpa to ground with as short a trace as feasible. do not connect anything else to this pin. vdda: analog-regulator bypass pin . a 0.1 f cap should be connected from vdda to ground with as short a trace as feasible. do not connect anything else to this pin. vcore: core-regulator bypass pin . a 56 nf cap should be connected from vcore to ground with as short a trace as feasible. do not connect anything else to this pin. vosc : oscillator-regulator bypass pin . a 56 nf cap should be connected from vosc to ground with as short a trace as feasible. do not connect anything else to this pin. vpp: manufacturing test port for internal regulator . do not connect anything to this pin. vprime: primary-converter bypass pin . a 0.22 f cap should be connected from vprime to ground with as short a trace as feasible . do not connect anything else to this pin . vbgap: bandgap reference output . used for testing and calibration. do not connect anything to this pin. cap_pa_1p, cap_pa_1 m through cap_pa_4p, cap_ pa_4 m: dedicated power-amplifier dc / dc converter capacitor pins . these pins are used when the radio is transmitting to efficiently convert vsupply to the proper voltage for the power amplifier . a 56 nf cap should be con - nected between each p and m pair . trace length should be as short as feasible.cap _ prime_1 p, cap _ prime_1 m through cap _ prime_4p, cap_prime_4m: primary dc / dc converter capacitor pins . these pins are used when the device is awake to efficiently convert vsupply to the proper voltage for the three on-chip low-dropout regulators . a 56 nf cap should be connected between each p and m pair . trace length should be as short as feasible. antenna: multiplexed receiver input and transmitter output pin . the impedance presented to the antenna pin should be 50, single-ended with respect to paddle ground. to ensure regulatory compliance of the final product please see the eterna integration guide for filtering requirements. the antenna pin must not have a dc path to ground; ac blocking must be included if a dc-grounded antenna is used. lna_enable, radio_tx, radio_txn: control signals generated by the autonomous mac supporting the integra - tion of an external lna / pa . see the eterna extended range reference design for implementation details. ai_0, ai _1, ai _2, ai _3: analog inputs . these pins are multiplexed to the analog input chain . the analog input chain, as shown in figure 8, is software-configurable and includes a variable-gain amplifier , an offset-dac for adjusting input range , and a 10 b adc . valid input range is between 0 to 1.8v. figure 8. analog input chain 5800whm f08 analog input 3-bitvga + 4-bit dac 10-bit adc osc_32k_xout: output pin for the 32 khz oscillator . connect to 32 khz quartz crystal . the osc _32k_xout and osc _32k_xin traces must be well-shielded from other signals , both on the same pcb layer and lower pcb layers, as shown in figure 9. osc_32 k_ xin : input for the 32 khz oscillator . con - nect to 32 khz quartz crystal . the osc _32k_xout and osc_32k_xin traces must be well-shielded from other signals, both on the same pcb layer and lower pcb layers , as shown in figure 9.osc_20 m_ xout : output for the 20 mhz oscillator . connect only to a supported 20 mhz quartz crystal . the osc_20 m_ xout and osc _20 m_ xin traces must be well-shielded from other signals , both on the same pcb layer and lower pcb layers , as shown in figure 9. see the eterna integration guide for supported crystals. downloaded from: http:///
ltc 5800-whm 21 5800whmfa for more information www.linear.com/ltc5800-whm pin functions osc_20m_xin: input for the 20 mhz oscillator . connect only to a supported 20 mhz quartz crystal . the osc _20m_ xout and osc _20m_xin traces must be well-shielded from other signals , both on the same pcb layer and lower pcb layers, as shown in figure 9.resetn : the asynchronous reset signal is internally pulled up. resetting eterna will result in the arm cortex m 3 rebooting and loss of network connectivity . use of this signal for resetting eterna is not recommended except during power-on and in-circuit programming. radio_inhibit: radio_inhibit provide a mechanism for an external device to temporarily disable radio opera - tion. failure to observe the timing requirements defined in the radio_ inhibit ac characteristics table , may result in unreliable network operation . in designs where the radio_inhibit function is not needed the input must either be tied , pulled or actively driven low to avoid excess leakage.tms, tck , tdi , tdo : jtag port supporting software debug and boundary scan . an ieee std 1149.1b-1994 compliant boundary scan definition language (bdsl) file for the wr qfn72 package can be found here . sleepn: the sleepn function is not currently supported in software . the sleepn input must either be tied , pulled or actively driven high to avoid excess leakage.uart _ rx , uart _ rx _ rtsn , uart _ rx _ ctsn , uart _ tx , uart _ tx _ rtsn , uart _ tx _ ctsn : the api uart interface includes bi-directional wake up and flow control . unused input signals must be driven or pulled to their ina ctive state . timen: strobing the timen input is the most accurate method to acquire the network time maintained by eterna . eterna latches the network timestamp with sub-microsec - ond resolution on the rising edge of the timen signal and produces a packet on the api serial port containing the timing information . uar tc0_rx, uartc 0_tx: the cli uart provides a mechanism for monitoring , configuration and control of eterna during operation . for a complete description of the supported commands see the smartmesh wirelesshart mote cli guide . flash _p_ enn , ipcs _ ss n, ipcs _ sck , ipcs _ miso , ipcs_ssn: the in-circuit programming control system ( ipcs ) bus enables in-circuit programming of eterna s flash memory. ipcs_sck is a clock and should be terminated appropriately for the driving source to prevent overshoot and ringing. figure 9. pcb top metal layer shielding of crystal signals downloaded from: http:///
ltc 5800-whm 22 5800whmfa for more information www.linear.com/ltc5800-whm operation the ltc5800 is the world s most energy-efficient ieee 802.15.4 compliant platform , enabling battery and en - ergy harvested applications . with a powerful 32 -bit arm c o rtex ? -m3, best-in-class radio , flash , ram and purpose- built peripherals , eterna provides a flexible , scalable and robust networking solution for applications demanding minimal energy consumption and data reliability in even the most challenging rf environments. shown in figure 10, eterna integrates purpose-built peripherals that excel in both low operating-energy con - sumption and the ability to rapidly and precisely cycle between operating and low-power states . items in the gray shaded region labeled " analog core correspond to the analog/rf components. power supply eterna is powered from a single pin , vsupply , which powers the i / o cells and is also used to generate internal supplies . eterna s two on-chip dc / dc converters minimize energy consumption while the device is awake . to conserve power the dc / dc converters are disabled when the device is in low-power state . power supply conditioning , including the two integrated dc / dc converters and three integrated low-dropout regulators , provides excellent rejection of supply noise . eterna s operating supply voltage range is high enough to support direct connection to lithium -thionyl chloride (li-socl 2 ) sources and wide enough to support battery operation over a broad temperature range. figure 10. eterna block diagram 4-bit dac vga bpf ppf agc lpf adc dac pll rssi lna pa 20mhz 32khz 32khz, 20mhz ptat 5800whm f10 bat load limiter voltage reference analog core digital core core regulator clock regulator analog regulator pa dc/dc converter primary dc/dc converter relaxation oscillator por timers sched sram 72kb flash 512kb flash controller aes auto mac 802.15.4 mod 802.15.4 framing dma ipcs spi slave cli uart (2 pin) api uart (6 pin) adc ctrl 802.15.4 demod pmu/ clock control 10-bit adc code system downloaded from: http:///
ltc 5800-whm 23 5800whmfa for more information www.linear.com/ltc5800-whm operation supply monitoring and reset eterna integrates a power-on reset (por) circuit . as the resetn input pin is nominally configured with an internal pull-up resistor , no connection is required . for a graceful shutdown, the software and the networking layers should be cleanly halted via api commands prior to assertion of the resetn pin . see the smartmesh wirelesshart mote api guide for details on the disconnect and reset commands. eterna includes a soft brown-out monitor that fully protects the flash from corruption in the event that power is removed while writing to flash . integrated flash supervisory functionality , in conjunction with a fault tolerant file system , yields a robust nonvolatile storage solution . precision timingeterna s unique low power dedicated timing hardware and timing algorithms provides a significant improvement over competing 802.15.4 product offerings . this functionality provides timing precision two to three orders of magnitude better than any other low-power solution available at the time of publication . improved timing accuracy allows motes to minimize the amount of radio listening time required to ensure packet reception thereby lowering even further the power consumed by smartmesh networks . eterna s patented timing hardware and timing algorithms provide superior performance over rapid temperature changes , further differentiating eterna s reliability when compared with other wireless products . in addition , precise timing enables networks to reduce spectral dead time , increasing total network throughput. application time synchronization in addition to coordinating time slots across the network , which is transparent to the user , eterna s timing manage - ment is used to support two mechanisms to share network time . having an accurate , shared , network-wide time base enables events to be accurately time stamped or tasks to be performed in a synchronized fashion across a network . eterna will send a time packet through its serial interface when one of the following occurs: n eterna receives an api request to read time n the timen signal is asserted the use of timen has the advantage of being more accu - rate. the value of the timestamp is captured in hardware relative to the rising edge of timen . if an api request is used, due to packet processing , the value of the timestamp may be captured several milliseconds after receipt of the packet. see the timen ac characteristics section for the timen functions definition and specifications. time references eterna includes three clock sources : an internal relaxation oscillator, a low power oscillator designed for a 32.768khz crystal, and the radio reference oscillator designed for a 20mhz crystal. relaxation oscillator the relaxation oscillator is the primary clock source for eterna, providing the clock for the cpu , memory subsys - tems, and all peripherals . the internal relaxation oscillator is dynamically calibrated to 7.3728mhz. the internal re - laxation oscillator typically starts up in a few s, providing an expedient , low-energy method for duty cycling between active and low power states . quick start-up from the doze state , defined in the state diagram section , allows eterna to wake up and receive data over the uart and spi interfaces by simply detecting activity on the appropriate signals. 32.768khz crystal once eterna is powered up and the 32.768 khz crystal source has begun oscillating , the 32.768 khz crystal re - mains operational while in the active state , and is used as the timing basis when in doze state . see the state diagram section, for a description of eternas operational states. 20mhz crystal the 20 mhz crystal source provides a frequency reference for the radio , and is automatically enabled and disabled by eterna as needed . eterna requires specific characterized 20 mhz crystal references . see the the eterna integration guide for a complete list of the currently supported 20mhz crystals. downloaded from: http:///
ltc 5800-whm 24 5800whmfa for more information www.linear.com/ltc5800-whm operation radio eterna includes the lowest-power commercially available 2.4 ghz ieee 802.15.4 radio by a substantial margin . ( please refer to the radio specifications section for power consumption numbers .). eterna s integrated power amplifier is calibrated and temperature-compensated to consistently provide power at a limit suitable for worldwide radio certifications . additionally , eterna uniquely includes a hardware-based autonomous mac that handles precise sequencing of peripherals , including the transmitter , the receiver, and advanced encryption standard (aes) pe - ripherals. the hardware-based autonomous media access controller ( mac) minimizes cpu activity , thereby further decreasing power consumption. uarts the principal network interface is through the application programming interface ( api ) uart . a command-line interface (cli) is also provided for support of test and debug functions . both uarts sense activity continuously , consuming virtually no power until data is transferred and automatically returning to their lowest power state after the conclusion of a transfer . the definition for packet encoding on the api uart interface can be found in the smartmesh wirelesshart mote api guide and the cli command definitions can be found in the smartmesh wirelesshart mote cli guide . api uart protocols the api uart supports multiple modes with the goal of supporting a wide range of companion multipoint control units (mcus) while reducing power consumption of the system. as a general rule , higher serial data rates translate into lower energy consumption for both endpoints . the api uart receive protocol includes two additional signals in ad - dition to uart _ rx : uart _ rx _ rtsn and uart _ rx _ ctsn . the transmit half of the api uart protocol includes two additional signals in addition to uart _ tx : uart _ tx _ rtsn and uart_tx_ctsn. the two supported protocols are referred to as uart mode 2 and uart mode 4. mode setting is controlled via the fuse table . in the figures accompanying the protocol descriptions , signals driven by the companion processor are drawn in black and signals driven by eterna are drawn in blue. uart mode 2 uart mode 2 provides the most energy-efficient method for operating eterna s api uart . uart mode 2 requires the use of all six uart signals , but does not require adherence to the minimum inter-packet delay as defined in the uart ac characteristics section . uart mode 2 incorporates edge-sensitive flow control , at either 9600 or 115200 baud . packets are hdlc encoded with one stop bit and no parity bit . the flow control signals for eterna s api receive path are shown in figure 11. trans - fers are initiated by the companion processor asserting uart_rx_r tsn. eterna then responds by enabling the uart and asserting uart_rx_ctsn. after detecting the assertion of uart_rx_ ctsn the companion processor sends the entire packet . following the transmission of the final byte in the packet , the companion processor negates uart_rx_ rtsn and waits until the negation of uart_rx_ ctsn before asserting uart_rx_ rtsn again . the flow control signals for eterna s api transmit path are shown in figure 12. transfers are initiated by eterna asserting uart_tx_rtsn. the companion processor responds by asserting uart_tx_ ctsn when ready to receive data . after detecting the falling edge of uart_ tx _ ctsn eterna sends the entire packet . following the transmission of the final byte in the packet eterna negates uart_tx_ rtsn and waits until the negation of uart_tx_ ctsn before asserting uart_tx_ rtsn again . the companion processor may negate uart_tx_ctsn any time after the first byte is transferred provided the timeout from uart _ tx _ rtsn to uart _ tx _ ctsn , t end_tx_rts to tx_cts is met. 5800whm f11 uart_rx byte 0 byte 1 uart_rx_ctsn uart_rx_rtsn figure 11. uart mode 2 receive flow control downloaded from: http:///
ltc 5800-whm 25 5800whmfa for more information www.linear.com/ltc5800-whm operation uart mode 4 uart mode 4 incorporates level-sensitive flow control on the tx channel and requires no flow control on the rx channel , supporting both 9600 and 115200 baud . the use of level-sensitive flow control signals enables data rates above 9600 baud with the option of using a reduced set of the flow control signals ; however , mode 4 has specific limitations . first , the use of the rx flow control signals (uart_rx_ rtsn and uart_rx_ctsn) for mode 4 are optional provided the use is limited to the industrial temperature range (C40 c to 85c); otherwise , the flow control is mandatory . if rx flow control signals are not used , uart_rx_ rtsn should be tied to vsupply ( inactive ) and uart _ rx _ ctsn should be left unconnected . second, unless the companion processor is always ready to receive a packet , the companion processor must negate uart_tx_ ctsn prior to the end of the current packet . failure to negate uart_tx_ ctsn prior to the end of a packet may result in back to back packets . third , the companion processor must wait at least t rx_rts to rx_cts between transmitting packets on uart_rx. see the uart ac characteristics section for complete timing specifica - tions. packets are hdlc encoded with one stop bit and no parity bit . the flow control signals for the tx channel are shown in figure 13. transfers are initiated by eterna asserting uart_tx_rtsn. the uart_tx_ ctsn signal may be actively driven by the companion processor when ready to receive a packet or uart_tx_ ctsn may be tied low if the companion processor is always ready to receive a packet . after detecting a logic 0 on uart _ tx _ ctsn eterna sends the entire packet . following the transmission of the final byte in the packet eterna negates uart_tx_rtsn and waits for a minimum period defined in the uart ac characteristics section before asserting uart_tx_rtsn again. for details on the timing of the uart protocol , see the uart ac characteristics section. cli uart the command line interface (cli) uart port is a two wire protocol ( tx and rx ) that operates at a fixed 9600 baud rate with one stop bit and no parity . the cli uart interface is intended to support command line instructions and response activity. autonomous mac eterna was designed as a system solution to provide a reliable, ultralow power , and secure network . a reliable network capable of dynamically optimizing operation over changing environments requires solutions that are far too complex to completely support through hardware acceleration alone . as described in the precision timing section , proper time management is essential for optimizing a solution that is both low power and reliable . to address these requirements eterna includes the autonomous mac , which incorporates a co-processor for controlling all of the time-critical radio operations . the autonomous mac provides two benefits: first, preventing variable software latency from affecting network timing and second , greatly reducing system power consumption by allowing the cpu to remain inactive during the majority of the radio activity . the autonomous mac , provides software-independent timing control of the radio and radio-related functions , resulting in superior reliability and exceptionally low power . security network security is an often overlooked component of a complete network solution . proper implementation of security protocols is significant in terms of both en - gineering effort and market value in an oem product . eterna system solutions provide a fips- 140 compliant figure 12. uart mode 2 transmit flow control 5800whm f12 uart_tx byte 0 byte 1 uart_tx_ctsn uart_tx_rtsn figure 13. uart mode 4 transmit flow control 5800whm f13 uart_tx byte 0 byte 1 uart_tx_ctsn uart_tx_rtsn downloaded from: http:///
ltc 5800-whm 26 5800whmfa for more information www.linear.com/ltc5800-whm operation encryption scheme that includes authentication and en - cryption at the mac and network layers with separate keys for each mote . this not only yields end-to-end security , but if a mote is somehow compromised , communication from other motes is still secure . a mechanism for secure key exchange allows keys to be kept fresh . to prevent physical attacks , eterna includes hardware support for electronically locking devices , thereby preventing access to eterna s flash and ram memory and thus the keys and code stored therein . this lock-out feature also provides a means to securely unlock a device should support of a product require access . for details see the board specific configuration guide . temperature sensor eterna includes a calibrated temperature sensor on chip . the temperature readings are available locally through eterna s serial api , in addition to being available via the network manager . the performance characteristics of the temperature sensor can be found in the typical performance characteristics section. radio inhibit the radio_inhibit input enables an external control - ler to temporarily disable the radio software drivers (for example, to take a sensor reading that is susceptible to radio interference ). when radio_inhibit is asserted the software radio drivers will disallow radio operations including clear channel assessment , packet transmissions , or packet receptions . if the current timeslot is active when radio_inhibit is asserted the radio will be disabled after the present operation completes . the radio inhibit func - tion is not enabled by default and must be enabled by the fuse t able . see the board specific configuration guide for details on creating a fuse table . for details on the timing associated with radio_inhibit see the radio_ inhibit ac characteristics section. flash programming this product is provided without software programmed into the device . oems will need to program software images during development and manufacturing . eterna s software images are loaded via the in-circuit programming control system (ipcs) spi interface . sequencing of resetn and flash_p_enn, as described in the flash spi slave ac characteristics section , places eterna in a state emulating a serial flash to support in-circuit programming . hardware and software for supporting development and production programming of devices is described in the eterna serial programmer guide . the serial protocol , spi , and tim - ing parameters are described in the flash spi slave ac characteristics section. flash d ata retention eterna contains internal flash ( non-volatile memory ) to store calibration results , unique id , configuration settings and software images . flash retention over the operating temperature range . see the electrical characteristics and absolute maximum ratings sections. non destructive storage above the operating temperature range of C55 c to 105 c is possible ; however , this may result in a degradation of retention characteristics.the degradation in flash retention for temperatures >105 c can be approximated by calculating the dimensionless acceleration factor using the following equation. af = e ea k ?? ? ?? ? ? 1 t use + 273 ? 1 t stress + 273 ?? ? ?? ? ?? ? ?? ? where:af = acceleration factor ea = activation energy = 0.6ev k = 8.625 ? 10 C5 ev/k t use = is the specified temperature retention in c t stress = actual storage temperature in c example: calculate the effect on retention when storing at a temperature of 125c.t stress = 125c t use = 85c af = 7.1 downloaded from: http:///
ltc 5800-whm 27 5800whmfa for more information www.linear.com/ltc5800-whm operation figure 14. eterna state diagram load fuse settings resetn low and flash_p_enn high resetn high and flash_p_enn high reset deassert resetn cpu and peripherals inactive hw or pmu event boot start-up operation inactive doze deep sleep low power sleep command 5800whm f14 assert resetn assert resetn assert resetn cpu active cpu inactive power-on reset resetn low and flash_p_enn low set resetn high and flash_p_enn high for 125s, then set resetn low vsupply > por active serial flash emulation downloaded from: http:///
ltc 5800-whm 28 5800whmfa for more information www.linear.com/ltc5800-whm operation so the overall retention of the flash would be degraded by a factor of 7.1, reducing data retention from 20 years at 85c to 2.8 years at 125c. state diagram in order to provide capabilities and flexibility in addition to ultra low power , eterna operates in various states , as shown in figure 14. state transitions shown in red are not recommended. fuse table eterna s fuse table is a 2 kb page in flash that contains two data structures . one structure supports hardware configuration immediately following power-on reset or the assertion of resetn. the second structure supports configuration of software board support parameters . fuse tables are generated via the fuse table application described in the board specific configuration guide . hardware configuration of i / o immediately following power- on reset provides a method to minimize leakage due to floating nets prior to software configuration . i / o leakage can contribute hundreds of microamperes of leakage per input , potentially stressing current limited supplies . examples of software board support parameters include setting of uart modes , clock sources and trim values . fuse tables are loaded into flash using the same software and in-circuit programmer used to load software images as described in the eterna serial programmer guide . start-up start-up occurs as a result of either crossing the power-on reset threshold or asserting resetn . after the comple - tion of power-on reset or the falling edge of an internally synchronized resetn , eterna loads its fuse table which , as described in the previous section , includes configuring i/ o direction . in this state , eterna checks the state of the flash_p_ enn and resetn pins and enters the serial flash emulation mode if both signals are asserted . if the flash _p_ enn pin is not asserted but resetn is asserted , eterna automatically reduces its energy consumption to a minimum until resetn is released . once resetn is de-asserted, eterna goes through a boot sequence , and then enters the active state.serial flash emulation when both resetn and flash_p_ enn are asserted , eterna disables normal operation and enters a mode to emulate the operation of a serial flash . in this mode , its flash can be programmed.operation once eterna has completed start-up , eterna transitions to the operational group of states (active/ cpu active , active / cpu inactive , and doze ). there , eterna cycles between the various states , automatically selecting the lowest pos - sible power state while fulfilling the demands of network operation. active state in the active state , eterna s relaxation oscillator is running and peripherals are enabled as needed . the arm cortex- m3 cycles between cpu-active and cpu-inactive (referred to in the arm cortex-m 3 literature as sleep now mode ). eterna s extensive use of dma and intelligent peripherals that independently move eterna between active state and doze state minimizes the time the cpu is active , signifi - cantly reducing eternas energy consumption.doze state the doze state consumes orders of magnitude less cur - rent than the active state and is entered when all of the peripherals and the cpu are inactive . in the doze state eterna s full state is retained , timing is maintained , and eterna is configured to detect , wake , and rapidly respond to activity on i /os ( such as uart signals and the timen pin). in the doze state the 32.768 khz oscillator and as - sociated timers are active. downloaded from: http:///
ltc 5800-whm 29 5800whmfa for more information www.linear.com/ltc5800-whm applications information regulatory and standards compliance radio certification eterna is suitable for systems targeting compliance with worldwide radio frequency regulations : etsi en 300 328 and en 300 440 class 2 (europe), fcc cfr 47 part 15 (us), and arib std-t 66 (japan). application program - ming interfaces (apis) supporting regulatory testing are provided on both the api and cli uart interfaces . the eterna certification user guide provides: n reference information required for certification n test plans for common regulatory test cases n example cli calls n sample manual language and example label compliance to restriction of hazardous substances (rohs) restriction of hazardous substances (rohs) is a directive that places maximum concentration limits on the use of cadmium (cd), lead (pb), hexavalent chromium (cr +6 ), mercury (hg), polybrominated biphenyl (pbb), and poly - brominated diphenyl ethers (pbde). linear technology is committed to meeting the requirements of the european community directive 2002/95/ec. this product has been specifically designed to utilize rohs-compliant materials and to eliminate or reduce the use of restricted materials to comply with 2002/95/ec.the rohs-compliant design features include: n rohs-compliant solder for solder joints n rohs-compliant base metal alloys n rohs-compliant precious metal plating n rohs-compliant cable assemblies and connector choices n lead-free qfn package n halogen-free mold compound n rohs-compliant and 245c re-flow compatible note: customers may elect to use certain types of lead- free solder alloys in accordance with the european com - munity directive 2002/95/ec. depending on the type of solder paste chosen , a corresponding process change to optimize reflow temperatures may be required. soldering information eterna is suitable for both eutectic pbsn and rohs- 6 reflow . the maximum reflow soldering temperature is 260c. a more detailed description of layout recommendations , as - sembly procedures and design considerations is included in the eterna integration guide . related documentation title location description smartmesh wirelesshart users guide http://www.linear.com/docs/41887 the users guide provides theory of operation, and details of the services supported. smartmesh wirelesshart mote api guide http://www.linear.com/docs/41893 definitions of the command line interface commands available over the api uart smartmesh wirelesshart mote cli guide http://www.linear.com/docs/41892 definitions of the command line interface commands available over the cli uart eterna integration guide http://www.linear.com/docs/41874 recommended practices for designing with the ltc5800 eterna serial programmer guide http://www.linear.com/docs/41876 users guide for the eterna serial programmer used for in circuit programming of the ltc5800 board specific configuration guide http://www.linear.com/docs/41875 users guide for the eterna board specific configuration application, used to configure the board specific parameters eterna certification user guide http://www.linear.com/docs/42918 the essential documentation necessary to complete radio certifications, including examples for common test cases downloaded from: http:///
ltc 5800-whm 30 5800whmfa for more information www.linear.com/ltc5800-whm package description wr package 72-lead qfn (10mm 10mm) (reference ltc dwg # 05-08-1930 rev a) please refer to http:// www .linear.com/product/ltc5800-whm#packaging/ for the most recent package drawings. 0.15 c seating plane 0.10 c 0.10 c 0.15 c 9.75 bsc 9.75 bsc 10.00 bsc b b 10.00 bsc 0.5 0.1 72 55 36 19 5437 18 1 c detail a pin 1 r0.300 typ 6.00 0.15 6.00 0.15 detail b 0.50 bsc 0.65 ref 0C14 ( 4) detail a 0.02 max 1.0mm 0.20 ref 0.50 0.60 max 0.25 0.05 b bac 0.10 m detail b wr72 0213 rev a c 0.0.5 m 0.60 max 8.50 ref (4 sides) 0.50 bsc 6.00 0.15 6.00 0.15 8.90 0.05 10.50 0.05 0.25 0.05 recommended solder pad pitch and dimensions apply solder mask to areas that are not soldered note:1. drawing conforms to jedec package outline mo-220 2. dimension b applies to metalized terminal and is measured between 0.15mm and 0.30mm from the terminal tip. if the terminal has optional radius on the other end of the terminal, the dimension b should not be measured in that radius area 3. all dimensions are in millimeters 4. dimensions of exposed pad on bottom of package do not include mold flash. mold flash, if present, shall not exceed 0.20mm on any side, if present 5. drawing not to scale 0.8 0.05 ltcxxxxxx tray pin 1 bevel package in tray loading orientation component pin ?a1? downloaded from: http:///
ltc 5800-whm 31 5800whmfa for more information www.linear.com/ltc5800-whm information furnished by linear technology corporation is believed to be accurate and reliable . however, no responsibility is assumed for its use . linear technology corporation makes no representa - tion that the interconnection of its circuits as described herein will not infringe on existing patent rights . revision history rev date description page number a 12/15 added h-grade ordering information and product specifications. 4, 5, 25 downloaded from: http:///
ltc 5800-whm 32 5800whmfa for more information www.linear.com/ltc5800-whm ? linear technology corporation 2013 lt 1215 rev a ? printed in usa linear technology corporation 1630 mccarthy blvd., milpitas, ca 95035-7417 (408) 432-1900 fax : (408) 434-0507 www.linear.com/ltc5800-whm related parts typical application part number description comments lt p 5903ipc-whrb wirelesshart embedded 250 mote manager manages networks of up to 250 smartmesh wirelesshart nodes lt p 5901-whma 66-lead wirelesshart mote pcb module with chip antenna includes modular radio certification in the united states, canada, europe, japan, south korea, taiwan, india, australia and new zealand lt p 5902-whma 66-lead wirelesshart mote pcb module with mmcx antenna connector includes modular radio certification in the united states, canada, europe, japan, south korea, taiwan, india, australia and new zealand lt6654-2.048 precision high output drive low noise reference 1.6ppm peak-to-peak noise (0.1hz to 10hz, sink/source 10ma, 5ppm/c max drift, 2.048 v output ltc2379-18 18-bit,1.6msps/1msps/500ksps/250ksps serial, low power adc 2.5v supply, differential input, 101.2db snr, 5v input range, dgc ltc3388-1/ ltc3388-3 20v high efficiency nanopower step-down regulator 860na i q in sleep, 2.7v to 20v input, v out = 1.2v to 5.0v, enable and standby pins ltc3588-1 piezoelectric energy generator with integrated high efficiency buck converter v in = 2.7v to 20v, v out(min) = fixed to 1.8v/2.5v/3.3v/3.6v, i q = 0.95a, 3mm 3mm dfn-10 and msop-10e packages ltc3108-1 ultralow voltage step-up converter and power manager v in = 0.02v to 1v, v out = 2.5v/3v/3.7v/4.5v fixed, i q = 6a, 3mm 4mm dfn-12 and ssop-16 packages ltc3459 micropower synchronous boost converter v in = 1.5v to 5.5v, v out(max ) = 10v, i q = 10a, 2mm 2mm dfn, 2mm 3mm dfn or sot-23 package mesh network thermistor 5800whm ta02 tadiran tl-5903 li-soci 2 ltc5800-whm 3.3nh 100pf antenna vsupply vdda cap_pa_1p cap_pa_1m cap_pa_2p cap_pa_2m cap_pa_3p cap_pa_3m cap_pa_4p cap_pa_4m uart_tx uart_tx_rtsn uart_tx_ctsn uart_rx uart_rx_rtsn uart_rx_ctsn 1pf 56nf 56nf 56nf 56nf 0.47f 1pf 2.2h 2.2f 0.1f cap_prime_1pcap_prime_1m cap_prime_2p cap_prime_2m cap_prime_3p cap_prime_3m cap_prime_4p cap_prime_4m 56nf 56nf 56nf 56nf 0.22f 0.1f vcore 20mhz32.768khz 56nf vosc 56nf gnd disc_20m_xout osc_20m_xin osc_32k_xout osc_32k_xin lt6654-2.048 atmel sam4l2 5k 0.1% 10k, 0.2comega 44006 v in v out gnd2 gnd1 0.1f 1000pf 5k 0.1% 5k0.1% 1000pf vddpa vprime 32.768khz xout32 advrefp pa05 (ad1) pa04 (ad0) pa08 (gp08) vddin xin32 pa15 (usart1_rxd) pa17 (extint2) pa13 (gpo13) pa16 (usart1_txd) pa14 (gpio14) pa18 (extint3) fb 0.1f 0.1f 47f vddiovddana 0.1f 47f vddcore vddout 0.1f 47f gnd rt = 5k ? ai_0 / (2 ? ai_1 C ai_0) t(c) = 1 / {a + b [ln(rt)] + c[ln(rt)] 3 } C 273.15 a = 1.032 ? 10 C3 b = 2.387 ? 10 C4 c = 1.580 ? 10 C7 downloaded from: http:///


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