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197 ultra subminiature basic switch d2f subminiature size ideal for pcb mounting (12.8 6.5 5.8 (w h d)) incorporating a snapping mechanism made with two highly precise split springs that ensures a long service life. insertion m olded terminals and a two-stage bottom with different levels prevent flux penetration. self-clinching pcb, right-angled, left-angled, and solder terminals are available. meets a wide r ange of applications, including home appliances, audio equipment, office machines, and communications equipment. ordering information model number legend d2f- 1234 1. ratings none: general loads 01: micro loads (0.1 a at 30 vdc) 2. maximum operating force none: 1.47 n {150 gf} f: 0.74 n {75 gf} note: these values are for the pin plunger models. 3. actuator none: pin plunger l: hinge lever l2: hinge roller lever l3: simulated roller lever 4. terminals none: pcb terminals/straight terminals -t: self-clinching pcb terminals -a: right-angled pcb terminals -a1: left-angled pcb terminals -d3: solder terminals -d: compact solder terminals
d2f d2f 198 list of models actuator general loads general loads micro loads 3 a 1 a 0.1 a of max. (see note) general-purpose 1.47 n {150 gf} low operating force 0.74 n {75 gf} general-purpose 1.47 n {150 gf} low operating force 0.74 n {75 gf} pin plunger pcb terminals d2f d2f-f d2f-01 d2f-01f pg self-clinching terminals d2f-t d2f-f-t d2f-01-t d2f-01f-t right-angled terminals d2f-a d2f-f-a d2f-01-a d2f-01f-a left-angled terminals d2f-a1 d2f-f-a1 d2f-01-a1 d2f-01f-a1 solder terminals d2f-d3 d2f-f-d3 D2F-01-D3 d2f-01f-d3 compact solder terminals d2f-d d2f-f-d d2f-01-d d2f-01f-d hinge lever pcb terminals d2f-l d2f-fl d2f-01l d2f-01fl g self-clinching terminals d2f-l-t d2f-fl-t d2f-01l-t d2f-01fl-t right-angled terminals d2f-l-a d2f-fl-a d2f-01l-a d2f-01fl-a left-angled terminals d2f-l-a1 d2f-fl-a1 d2f-01l-a1 d2f-01fl-a1 solder terminals d2f-l-d3 d2f-fl-d3 d2f-01l-d3 d2f-01fl-d3 compact solder terminals d2f-l-d d2f-fl-d d2f-01l-d d2f-01fl-d simulated ll l pcb terminals d2f-l3 d2f-fl3 d2f-01l3 d2f-01fl3 roller lever self-clinching terminals d2f-l3-t d2f-fl3-t d2f-01l3-t d2f-01fl3-t right-angled terminals d2f-l3-a d2f-fl3-a d2f-01l3-a d2f-01fl3-a left-angled terminals d2f-l3-a1 d2f-fl3-a1 d2f-01l3-a1 d2f-01fl3-a1 solder terminals d2f-l3-d3 d2f-fl3-d3 d2f-01l3-d3 d2f-01fl3-d3 compact solder terminals d2f-l3-d d2f-fl3-d d2f-01l3-d d2f-01fl3-d hinge roller l pcb terminals d2f-l2 d2f-fl2 d2f-01l2 d2f-01fl2 g lever self-clinching terminals d2f-l2-t d2f-fl2-t d2f-01l2-t d2f-01fl2-t right-angled terminals d2f-l2-a d2f-fl2-a d2f-01l2-a d2f-01fl2-a left-angled terminals d2f-l2-a1 d2f-fl2-a1 d2f-01l2-a1 d2f-01fl2-a1 solder terminals d2f-l2-d3 d2f-fl2-d3 d2f-01l2-d3 d2f-01fl2-d3 compact solder terminals d2f-l2-d d2f-fl2-d d2f-01l2-d d2f-01fl2-d note: the of values shown in the table are for the pin plunger models. specifications ratings item d2f models d2f-01 models of max. 1.47 n {150 gf} (general purpose) 0.74 n {75 gf} (low operating) 1.47 n {150 gf} (general purpose) 0.74 n {75 gf} (low operating) resistive load rated voltage 125 vac 3 a 1 a --- 30 vdc 2 a 0.5 a 0.1 a note: 1. consult your omron sales representative before using the switch with inductive or motor loads. 2. the ratings values apply under the following test conditions: ambient temperature: 20 2 c ambient humidity: 65 5% operating frequency: 30 operations/min
d2f d2f 199 characteristics operating speed 1 to 500 mm/s (pin plunger models) operating frequency mechanical: 200 operations/min max. electrical: 30 operations/min max. insulation resistance 100 m ? min. (at 500 vdc) contact resistance (initial value) d2f models: 30 m ? max. d2f-f models: 50 m ? max. d2f-01 models: 100 m ? max. dielectric strength (see note 2) 600 vac, 50/60 hz for 1 min between terminals of the same polarity 1,500 vac, 50/60 hz for 1 min between current-carrying metal parts and ground, and between each terminal and non-current-carrying metal part vibration resistance (see note 3) malfunction: 10 to 55 hz, 1.5-mm double amplitude shock resistance (see note 3) destruction: 1,000 m/s 2 {approx. 100g} max. malfunction: 300 m/s 2 {approx. 30g} max. durability (see note 4) mechanical: 1,000,000 operations min. (60 operations/min) (refer to engineering data. ) electrical: 30,000 operations min. (30 operations/min) (refer to engineering data. ) degree of protection iec ip40 degree of protection against electric shock class i proof tracking index (pti) 175 ambient operating temperature ?25 c to 65 c (at ambient humidity of 60% max.) (with no icing) ambient operating humidity 85% max. (for 5 c to 35 c) weight approx. 0.5 g (pin plunger models) note: 1. the data given above are initial values. 2. the dielectric strength shown in the table indicates a value for models with a separator. 3. for the pin plunger models, the values are at the free position and total travel position. for the lever models, they are at the total travel position. 4. for testing conditions, consult your omron sales representative. approved standards consult your omron sales representative for specific models with standard approvals. ul1054 (file no. 41515)/ csa c22.2 no. 55 (lr21642) rated voltage d2f (general- purpose) d2f (low operating force) d2f-01 125 vac 3 a 1 a --- 30 vdc 2 a 0.5 a 0.1 a contact specifications item d2f models d2f-01 models contact specification crossbar material silver alloy gold alloy gap (standard value) 0.25 mm minimum applicable load (see note) 100 ma at 5 vdc 1 ma at 5 vdc note: for more information on the minimum applicable load, refer to using micro loads on page 202. contact form spdt
d2f d2f 200 engineering data (reference values) mechanical durability (pin plunger models) d2f, d2f-01 electrical durability (pin plunger models) d2f number of operations (x10 ) 3 number of operations (x10 ) 3 ot (mm) switching current (a) 125 vac 30 vdc 10,000 7,000 5,000 3,000 1,000 700 500 300 100 0 10 20 30 50 100 300 ambient temperature: 20 2 c ambient humidity: 65 5% max. without load operating frequency: 30 operations/min ambient temperature: 20 2 c ambient humidity: 65 5% max. without load operating frequency: 60 operations/min for details about the d2f-01, consult your omron sales representative. dimensions note: all units are in millimeters unless otherwise indicated. terminals 5.8 0.15 3.1 0.2 2.6 0.2 0.4 1.5 0.9 12.8 0.15 5.08 5.08 6.5 0.1 3.15 three, 0.8-dia. holes 3.15 5.08 3.5 1.5 0.9 5.08 12.8 0.15 6.5 0.1 0.4 5.8 0.15 1.5 2.4 0.4 1.6 3.15 5.08 5.08 12.8 0.15 5.8 0.15 6.5 0.1 5.8 0.15 3.1 0.2 2.6 0.2 0.4 1.5 0.9 12.8 0.15 5.08 5.08 6.5 0.1 3.15 3.15 5.08 5.08 12.8 0.15 6.5 0.1 0.9 3.4 1.5 1.5 5.8 0.15 1.25 0.15 0.4 0.05 1.6 0.15 pcb terminals (standard) compact solder terminals self-clinching pcb terminals right-angled pcb terminals solder terminals 3.15 5.08 0.4 12.8 0.15 6.5 0.1 0.5 3.5 2 1.5 5.8 0.15 5.08 2.2 1.2 left-angled pcb terminals
d2f d2f 201 pcb mounting dimensions (reference) 2.54 2.54 12.8 0.15 5.08 0.1 5.8 0.15 three, 1.2 dia. holes mounting holes two , 2-dia. mounting holes 6.5 0.15 dimensions and operating characteristics note: 1. all units are in millimeters unless otherwise indicated. 2. unless otherwise specified, a tolerance of 0.4 mm applies to all dimensions. 3. the following illustrations and drawings are for d2f models with pcb terminals. self-clinching, solder, and right-angled, lef t-angled terminals are omitted from the following drawings. refer to page 200 for these terminals. when ordering, replace with the code for the terminal that you need. 4. the operating characteristics are for operation in the a direction ( ). model d2f d2f-01 d2f-f d2f-01f of max. 1.47 n {150 gf} 0.74 n {75 gf} rf min. {g} 0.20 n {20 gf} {g} 0.05 n {5 gf} pt max. 0.5 mm ot min. 0.25 mm md max. 0.12 mm op 5.5 0.3 mm model d2f-l d2f-01l d2f-fl d2f-01fl of max. 0.78 n {80 gf} 0.25 n {25 gf} rf min. {g} 0.05 n {5 gf} {g} 0.02 n {2 gf} ot min. 0.55 mm md max. 0.5 mm fp max. 10 mm op 6.8 1.5 mm model d2f-l3 d2f-01l3 d2f-fl3 d2f-01fl3 of max. 0.78 n {80 gf} 0.39 n {40 gf} rf min. {g} 0.05 n {5 gf} {g} 0.02 n {2 gf} ot min. md max. 0.5 mm 0.45 mm fp max. 13 mm op 8.5 1.2 mm pin plunger models d2f d2f-01 d2f-f d2f-01f 2.2 +0.12 0 dia. 2 +0.12 0 dia. holes 12.7 1.2 5.2 5op 1.5 3.5 0.9 0.4 5.8 0.15 12.8 0.15 5.08 5.08 6.5 0.1 3.15 5.7 2.9 2 +0.12 0 pt a hinge lever models d2f-l d2f-01l d2f-fl d2f-01fl t = 0.3 (see note) 12.8 (10.8) op fp 3 note: stainless-steel lever a simulated roller lever models d2f-l3 d2f-01l3 d2f-fl3 d2f-01fl3 t = 0.3 (see note) 1.3r 12.7 (7.5) 10 2.1 op fp 3 note: stainless-steel lever a
d2f d2f 202 model d2f-l2 d2f-01l2 d2f-fl2 d2f-01fl2 of max. 0.78 n {80 gf} 0.39 n {40 gf} rf min. {g} 0.05 n {5 gf} {g} 0.02 n {2 gf} ot min. md max. 0.55 mm 0.5 mm fp max. 16.5 mm op 13 2 mm precautions refer to pages 26 to 31 for common precautions. cautions terminal connection when soldering a lead wire to the terminal, first insert the lead wire conductor into the terminal hole and then perform soldering. make sure that the capacity of the soldering iron is 30 w maximum and that the temperature of the soldering iron tip is approximately 300 c. (350 c maximum.) complete the soldering within 3 s. using a sw itch with improper sold ering may result in abnormal heat- ing, possibly resulting in burn. applying a soldering iron for more than 3 s or using one that is rated at more than 30 w may deteriorate the switch characteristics. when soldering the lead wire to the pcb terminal, pay careful atten- tion so that the flux and solder liquid level does not exceed the pcb level. correct use mounting turn off the power supply before mounting or removing the switch, wiring, or performing maintenance or inspection. failure to do so may result in electric shock or burning. use m2 mounting screws with plane washers or spring washers to securely mount the switch. tighten the screws to a torque of 0.08 to 0.1 n ? m {0.8 to 1 kgf ? cm}. mount the switch onto a flat surface. mounting on an uneven sur- face may cause deformation of the switch, resulting in faulty opera- tion or breakage in the housing. operating stroke setting take particular care in setting the operating stroke for the pin plung- er models. make sure that the operating stroke is 70% to 100% of the rated ot distance. do not operate the actuator exceeding the ot distance, otherwise the durability of the switch may be short- ened. using micro loads using a model for ordinary loads to open or close the contact of a micro load circuit may result in faulty contact. use models that oper- ate in the following range. however, even when using micro load models within the operating range shown below, if inrush current oc- curs when the contact is opened or closed, it may increase contact wear and so decrease durability. therefore, insert a contact protec- tion circuit where necessary. the minimum applicable load is the n-level reference value. this value indicates the malfunction reference level for the reliability lev- el of 60% ( 60). the equation, 60 = 0.5 10 ?6 /operations indi- cates that the estimated malfunction rate is less than 1/2,000,000 operations with a reliability level of 60%. operating range for micro load models d2f-01 operating range for general-load models d2f current (ma) voltage (v) inoperable range all dimensions shown are in millimeters. to convert millimeters into inches, multiply by 0.03937. to convert grams into ounces, multiply by 0.03527. cat. no. b036-e1-07c hinge roller lever models d2f-l2 d2f-01l2 d2f-fl2 d2f-01fl2 note: stainless-steel lever 4.8 dia. 2.8 (resin roller) t = 0.3 (see note) (4.6) op fp 4 12.8 (10) 4 a
general information general information 26 correct use no. area no. item page 1 using switches 26 2 selecting correct switch 3 electrical c diti 1 load conditions 2 application of switch to electronic circuits 3 switches for micro loads 4 contact protective circuit 27 4 mechanical c diti 1 operating stroke setting 28 conditions 2 switching speed and frequency 3 operating condition 4 operating method 5 mounting 1 securing 29 g 2 terminal connections 3 soldering precautions 6 operation dst 1 handling 30 p and storage environment 2 operating environment e nv i ronmen t 3 storage environment 7 switch trouble and corrective action 31 using switches ? when switches are actually used, unforeseen accidents may occur. before using a switch, perform all possible testing in advance. ? unless otherwise specified, ratings and performances given in this catalog are for standard test conditions (i.e., 15 to 35 c, 25% to 75% humidity, and 86 to 106 kpa atmospheric pressure). when performing testing in the actual application, always use the same conditions as will be used in actual usage conditions for both the load and the operating environment. ? reference data provided in this catalog represents actual measurements from production samples in graph form. all reference data values are nominal. ? all ratings and performance values provided in this catalog are the results of a single test each rating and performance value therefore may not be met for composite conditions. selecting correct switch select an appropriate switch for the operating environment and load conditions. ? use the selection guide to select a suitable switch for the rated current, operating load, actuator type, and operating environ- ment. ? it is not recommended to use a switch for a large current to switch a micro current, in terms of contact reliability. select a switch that is suitable for the current actually being switched. ? use a sealed switch in environments subject to water, other liquids and excessive dirt or dust. electrical conditions load the switching capacity of a switch significantly dif fers depending on whether the switch is used to break an alternating current or a direct current. be sure to check both the ac and dc ratings of a switch. the control capacity will drop drastically if it is a dc load. this is be- cause a dc l oad, unlike an ac load, has no current zero cross point. therefore, if an arc is generated, it may continue for a comparatively long time. furthermore, the current direction is always the same, which results in contact relocation phenomena, and the contacts hold each other with ease and will not separate if the surfaces of the contacts are uneven. if the load is inductive, counter-electromotive voltage will be gener- ated. the higher the voltage is, the higher the generated energy is, which increase the abrasion of the contacts and contact relocation phenomena. make sure to use a switch within the rated conditions. if a switch is used for switching both micro and high-capacity loads, be sure to connect relays suitable to the loads. the rated loads of a switch are according to the following conditions: inductive load: a load having a minimum power factor of 0.4 (ac) or a maximum time constant of 7 ms (dc). lamp load: a load having an inrush current ten times the steady-state current. motor load: a load having an inrush current six times the steady- state current. note: it is important to know the time constant (l/r) of an induc- tive load in a dc circuit. inrush current i (inrush current) io (steady- state current) i (a) t application of switch to electronic circuits the basic switch may have contact bouncing or chattering in switching, thus ge nerating noise or pulse signals that may interfere the operation of electronic circuits or audio equipment. to prevent this, take the following countermeasures. ? design the circuits so that they include appropriate cr circuits to absorb noise or pulse signals. ? use switches with gold-plated contacts for micro loads, which are more resistive to environmental conditions. switches for micro loads if a switch for a general load is used for switching a micro load, it may cause contact failures. be sure to select a switch within the permis- sible range. even if a switch for a micro load is used within the per- missible range, the inrush current of the load may deteriorate the contacts, thus decreasing the durability of the switch. therefore, if necessary, insert a proper contact protective circuit.
general information general information 27 contact protective circuit apply a contact protective circuit (surge killer) to extend contact du- rability, prevent noise, and suppress the generation of carbide or ni- tric acid due to arc. be sure to apply the contact protective circuit properly, otherwise an adverse effect may result. some typical examples of contact protective circuit are described in the following table. when a switch is used under high humidity, arcs resulting from cer- tain types of load (e.g., inductive loads) will generate nitrious oxides and, with mater the nitrious oxides will become nitric acid, which will corrode internal metal parts and may cause malfunctions. always use a contact protective circuit according to information provided in the following table when using a switch under circuit conditions of frequent switching and arcing. the use of a contact protective circuit may delay the response time of the load. typical examples of contact protective circuits (surge killers) circuit example applicable current feature element selection ac dc cr circuit power supply inductive load see note. yes note: when ac is switched, the load impedance must be low- er than the c and r imped- ance. c: 0.5 to 1 f per switching current (1 a) r: 0.5 to 1 ? per switching voltage (1 v) the values may change according to the characteristics of the load. the capacitor suppresses the spark discharge of current when the contacts are open. the resistor limits the inrush current when the contacts are closed again. consider these roles of the capacitor and resistor and determine the ideal inductive load power supply yes yes the operating time will increase if the load is a relay or solenoid. it is effective to connect the cr circuit in parallel to the load when the power supply voltage is 24 or 48 v and in parallel to the contacts when the power supply voltage is 100 to 200 v. resistor and determine the ideal capacitance and resistance values from experimentation. use a capacitor with a dielectric strength between 200 and 300 v. when ac is switched, make sure that the capacitor has no polarity. if, however, the ability to control arcs between contacts is a problem for high dc voltage, it may be more effective to connect a capacitor and resistor between the contacts across the load. check the results by testing in the actual application. diode method power supply inductive load no yes energy stored in the coil is changed into current by the diode connected in parallel to the load. then the current flowing to the coil is consumed and joule heat is generated by the resistance of the inductive load. the reset time delay in this method is longer than that of the cr method. the diode must withstand a peak inverse voltage 10 times higher than the circuit voltage and a forward current as high as or higher than the load current. diode and zener diode method power supply inductive load no yes this method will be effective if the reset time delay caused by the diode method is too long. zener voltage for a zener diode must be about 1.2 times higher than the power source since the load may not work under some circumstances. varistor method power supply inductive load yes yes this method makes use of constant-voltage characteristic of the varistor so that no high-voltage is imposed on the contacts. this method causes a reset time delay more or less. it is effective to connect varistor in parallel to the load when the supply voltage is 24 to 48 v and in parallel to the contacts when the supply voltage is 100 to 200 v. select the varistor so that the following condition is met for the cut voltage vc. for ac currents, the value must be multiplied by 2. vc > (current voltage x 1.5) if vc is set too high, however, the voltage cut for high voltages will no longer be effective, diminishing the effect. do not apply contact protective circuit as shown below. this circuit effectively suppresses arcs when the contacts are off. the capacitance will be charged, however, when the contacts are off. consequently, when the contacts are on again, short-circuited current from the capacitance may cause contact weld. load power supply incorrect this circuit effectively suppresses arcs when the contacts are off. when the contacts are on again, however, charge current flows to the capacitor, which may result in contact weld. load power supply incorrect
general information general information 28 mechanical conditions operating stroke setting the setting of stroke is very important for a switch to operate with high reliability. the chart below shows the relationship among operating force, stroke, and contact force. to obtain high reliability from a switch, a switch actuator must be manipulated within an appropriate range of operating force. be sure to pay the utmost attention when mounting a switch. operating force contact force release stroke stroke release fp ttp make sure that the operating body is set so that the actuator should return to the free position when the operating body has moved if a switch is used to form a normally closed (nc) circuit. if a switch is used to form a normally open (no) circuit, the operating body must move the switch actuator to the distance of 70% to 100% of the rated overtravel (ot) of the switch. operating body pt (pretravel) install a stopper. fp (free position) op (operating position) ot (overtravel) ttp (total travel position) if stroke is set in the vicinity of the operating position (op) or the re- leasing position (rp), contact force may become unstable. as a re- sult, the switch cannot ensure high reliability. furthermore, the switch may malfunction due to vibration or shock. if stroke is set exceeding the total travel position (ttp), the moment of inertia of the operating body may damage the actuator or the switch itself, and the stress applied to the moving spring inside the switch will increase and then, the durability of the switch may be de- teriorated. incorrect correct switching speed and frequency the switching frequency and speed of a switch have a great influ- ence on the performance of the switch. pay attention to the follow- ing. ? if the actuator is operated too slowly, the switching operation may become unstable, causing contact failures or contact welding. ? if the actuator is operated too quickly, the switch may be damaged by shock. ? if the switching frequency is too high, the switching of the contacts cannot catch up with the operating speed of the actuator. ? if the operating frequency is extremely l ow (i.e., once a month or less frequent), a film may be generated on the surface of the contacts, which may cause contact failures. the permissible switching speed and switching frequency of a switch indicate the operational reliability of the switch. the durability of a switch is based on operation under specific conditions regard- ing the switching speed and switch ing frequency. the durability of a switch may not meet the durability due to conditions even if the switch is operated within the permissible switching speed and fre- quency ranges. test a switch sample under the actual conditions to ascertain its durability. operating condition do not leave a switch with the actuator depressed for a long time, otherwise the parts of the switch may soon deteriorate and the changes of its characteristics operating may result. operating method the operating method has a great influence on the performance of a switch. consider the following before operating a switch. ? design the operating body (i.e., cam or dog) so that it will operate the actuator smoothly. if the actuator snaps backwards quickly or receives shock due to the shape of the operating body, its durability may be deteriorated. snap-back shock operation incorrect correct
general information general information 29 snap-back incorrect correct shock operation ? make sure that no improper force is applied to the actuator, otherwise the actuator may incur local abrasion. as a result, the actuator may become damaged or its durability may be deteriorated. dog roller incorrect correct operating body operating body : correct : incorrect ? make sure that the operating body moves in a direction where the actuator moves. if the actuator is a pin plunger type, make sure that the operating body presses the pin plunger vertically. ? operate the actuator of a hinge roller lever or simulated hinge lever type in the direction shown below. incorrect correct ? set the angle of the cam or dog () for roller levers and similar actuators to the range between 30 and 45 . if the angle is too large, an abnormally large horizontal stress will be applied to the lever. ? do not modify the actuator. if the actuator is modified, excessive external force may be applied to the internal switch mechanism, characteristics may change, and the switch may stop functioning. ? if an external actuator is used as an operating object, check the material and thickness of the lever to make sure that the force applied to the lever is within the permissible range. mounting securing when mounting a switch, be sure to use the specified mounting screws and tighten the screws with flat washers or spring washers securely. however, the switch housing may incur crack damage if it comes into contact with the spring washers directly. in that case make sure that the flat washers come into contact with the switch housing as shown below. do not subject the switch to excessive shock or high- frequency vibrations when mounting (e.g., do not use an impact driver) as it may cause contacts stick or switch damage. screw flat washer spring washer resin incorrect correct do not modify the switch in any way, for example, by widening the mounting holes. locking agent if glue or locking agent is applied, make sure that it does not stick to the moving parts or intrude into the inside of the switch, otherwise the switch may have operating failure or contact failure. some types of glue or locking agent may generate gas that has a bad influence on the switch. pay the utmost attention when selecting glue or lock- ing agent. wiring make sure that the lead wires are connected with no inappropriate pulling force. mounting location be sure not to mount a switch in locations where the switch may be actuated by mistake. maintenance and inspection make sure that a switch is mounted in locations that allow easy inspection or replacement of the switch. mounting direction when using a switch with a low operating force mounted with a long lever, make sure that the switch is mounted in the direction where the weight of the lever is not applied to the pushbutton directly, otherwise the switch may have releasing failures. terminal connections solder terminals when soldering lead wires to a switch, make sure that the tempera- ture of the iron tip is 380 c maximum. improper soldering may cause abnormal heat radiation from the switch and the switch may burn. complete soldering within 5 seconds at 350 c or within 3 seconds at 380 c. if heat is applied for longer period of time, switch charac- teristics will be deteriorated, e.g., the case will melt and lead wire insulation will scorch. soldering conditions are even more strict for ultra subminiature switches. refer to the precautions for individual models for details. quick-connect terminals use the specified receptacles to connect to quick-connect termi- nals. do not apply excessive force horizontally or vertically to the
general information general information 30 terminals, otherwise the terminal may be deformed or the housing may be damaged. wiring work when wiring a switch, check the insulation distance between the switch and the mounting plate. if the insulation distance is insuffi- cient, use an insulation guard or separator. be particularly careful when mounting a switch to metal. use wire sizes suitable for the applied voltage and carrying current. do not wire a switch while power is being supplied. using separators if providing sufficient insulation distance is a problem or there are metal components or copper wire near a switch, use a switch with an insulation guard or use a separator (order separately) to provide sufficient insulation distance. separator for ss separator for v separator separator separator for z separator soldering precautions when soldering by hand, place the terminal horizontal to the ground, use a soldering iron with a suitable heat capacity and a suit- able amount of solder, and complete soldering quickly. prevent flux from entering a switch by exhausting flux gas with an exhaust fan and by avoiding the contact of the tip of the soldering iron and the switch body. flux gas inside a switch may cause contact failure. do not apply any force to the terminal or wire immediately after solder- ing. tip of soldering iron incorrect correct when soldering automatically, adjust the amount of solder so that flux does not float onto the top of pcb. if flux enters the switch, it can cause contact failure. operation and storage environment handling do not apply oil, grease, or other lubricants to the sliding parts of a switch. the intrusion of oil, grease, or other lubricants into the inter- nal part may cause operating failure or contact failure. operating environment a general switch is not water-resistant. protect the switch appropri- ately when using the switch in places with water or oil spray. do not use a switch under the condition where vibration or shock is continuously applied to the switch. if continuous vibration or shock is applied to a switch, contact failure, malfunction, or decrease in du- rability may be caused by abrasive powder generated from the inter- nal parts. if excessive vibration or shock is applied to a switch, the contacts may malfunction, stick, or be damaged. mount a switch in the location where vibration and shock is not ap- plied to the switch and in the direction where they do not resonate. do not use a switch in the atmosphere of corrosive gas, such as sulfuric gas (h 2 s or so 2 ), ammonium gas (nh 3 ), nitric gas (hno 3 ), or chlorine gas (cl 2 ), or in the atmosphere of high temperature and humidity. otherwise, contact failure or corrosion damage may re- sult. if a switch is used in the atmosphere of silicon gas, arc energy may attract silicon dioxide (sio 2 ) to the contacts and contact failure may result. if there is silicon oil, silicon sealant, a wire covered with sili- con, or any other silicon-based product near the switch, attach a contact protective circuit to suppress the arcing of the switch or elim- inate the source of silicon gas generation. even for a sealed switch, it may not be possible to prevent all of the gas from penetrating the seal rubber, and contact failure may result. be sure to use a switch at a temperature and humidity within the specified ranges. if a switch is exposed to radical temperature chan- ges or intense heat, the characteristics of the switch may change. separate the switch as far as possible from sources of heat to elimi- nate the influence. storage environment when storing a switch, consider countermeasures (e.g., storing in a plastic bag) to prevent discoloration resulting from sulfidization of terminals (silver-plated). make sure that the location is free of corro- sive gas or dust with no high temperature or humidity. it is recom- mended that a switch be inspected before use if it is stored for three months or more after the production, depending on the location.
general information general information 31 switch trouble and corrective action type location of failure failure possible cause corrective action failures ltdt contact contact fil dust and dirt on the contacts. remove the cause of the problem, place th it h i b l d related to electrical characteristics failure water or other liquid has penetrated into a switch. p,p the switch in a box, or use a sealed switch. c h arac t er i s ti cs chemical substances have been generated on the contact surface due to the atmosphere containing chemical corrosive gas. use a switch having contacts with high environmental resistivity (such as gold or alloy contacts). chemical substances have been generated on the contact surface when the switch switches a very low load. solder flux has penetrated into the switch. review the soldering method or use a sealed or flux-tight switch. silicon gas exists near the switch. remove the material generating gas, or adjust contact capacity to prevent formation of silicon compounds on the contacts. malfunction the contacts are separated from each other by vibration or shock. use a switch having a high contact force (generally a high of). contact welding the load connected to the switch is too high. switch the load with a high-capacity relay or magnetic relay or insert a contact protection circuit. insulation degradation (b i ) contacts have been melted and scattered by arc. switch the load with a high-capacity relay or magnetic relay. deg ada o (burning) water has penetrated into the switch because the switch has been used in an extremely hot environment. remove the cause of the problem, place the switch in a box, or use a sealed switch. liquid has penetrated into the switch and been carbonized by arc heat. failures related to mechanical htiti actuator operating failure the sliding part of the actuator has been damaged because an excessive force was applied on the actuator. make sure that no excessive force is applied to the actuator, or use an auxiliary actuator mechanically strong. characteristics foreign material like dust, dirt and oil has penetrated into the switch. remove the cause of the problem or place the switch in a box. the actuator does not release because the operating body is too heavy. use a switch having a higher of. the switch is loosely installed and thus does not operate even when the actuator is at the rated op. secure the switch. low d bilit the shape of the dog or cam is improper. change the design of the dog or cam. durability the operating method is improper. the operating speed is too high. review the operating stroke and operating speed. damage a shock has been applied to the actuator. remove the cause of problem or use a switch mechanically strong. the caulked part is not good enough or the assembled condition is poor. replace the switch with a new one. deformation or drop-out actuator was subjected to an excessive force and force from an inappropriate direction. review the handling and operating method. mounting section damage screws have not been inserted straight. check and correct screw insertion method. sec o the mounting screws were tightened with too much torque. tighten the screws with an appropriate torque. the mounting pitch is wrong. correct the pitch. the switch is not installed on a flat surface. install the switch on a flat surface. terminal damage an excessive force was applied to the terminal while being wired. do not apply an excessive force. the plastic part has been deformed by soldering heat. reduce the soldering time or soldering temperature. (refer to the information given under precautions for that model.)

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