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low power, 12.65 mw, 2.3 v to 5.5 v , programmable waveform generator data sheet ad9833 rev. e document feedback information furnished by analog devices is believe d to be accurate and reliable. however, no responsibility is assumed by analog devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use. specifications subject to change without notice. no lice nse is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of analog devices. trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. one technology way, p.o. box 9106, norwood, ma 02062 - 9106, u.s.a. tel: 781. 329.4700 ? 2003 C 2012 analog devices, inc. all rights reserved. technical support www.analog.com features digitally programmable frequency and phase 12.65 mw power consumption at 3 v 0 mhz to 12.5 mhz output frequency range 28- bit resolution : 0.1 hz at 25 mhz ref erence cl ock sinusoidal , triangular, and square wave outputs 2.3 v to 5.5 v power supply n o external components required 3 - w ire spi i nterface extended temperature range : ? 40 c to +105 c power - down option 10- l ead msop p ackage qualified for automotive applications applications frequency stimulus/waveform generation liquid and gas flow measurement sensory applications : proximity, motion, and defect detection line loss/attenu ation test and medical equipment sweep/ clock generators time domain reflectometry ( tdr ) applications general description the ad9833 is a low power , programmable waveform generator capable of producing sine, tri angular, and square wave outputs. waveform generation is required in various types of sensing, actuation, and time domain reflectometry (tdr) applications. the output frequency and phase are soft ware programmable, allowing eas y tuning. no external componen ts are needed. the frequency registers are 28 bits wide: with a 25 mhz clock rate, resolution of 0.1 hz can b e achieved; with a 1 mhz clock rate, the ad9833 can be tuned to 0.004 hz resolution. the ad9833 is written to via a 3 - wire serial interface. this s erial interface operates at clock rates up to 40 mhz and is compatible with dsp and microcontroller standards. the device operates with a power supply from 2.3 v to 5.5 v. the ad9833 has a power - down function (sleep). this function allows sections of the d evice that are not being used to be powered down , thus minimizing the current consumption of the part . f or example, the dac can be powered down when a clock output is being generated. the ad9833 is available in a 10 - lead msop package. f unctional b lock di agram serial inter f a ce and cont r ol logic sclk s d at a fsync cont r ol register phase1 reg phase0 reg mux sin r om 10-bit da c mux freq0 reg freq1 reg 12 on-b o ard reference a gnd dgnd vdd ad9833 phase accumul a t or (28-bit) regul a t or cap/2.5v 2.5v a vdd/ d vdd mux divide by 2 msb mux full-scale cont r ol comp v out r 200? mclk 02704-001 figure 1.
ad9833 data sheet rev. e | page 2 of 24 table of contents features .............................................................................................. 1 applications ....................................................................................... 1 general description ......................................................................... 1 functional block diagram .............................................................. 1 revision history ............................................................................... 2 specifications ..................................................................................... 3 timing characteristics ................................................................ 4 absolute maximum ratings ............................................................ 5 esd caution .................................................................................. 5 pin configuration and function descriptions ............................. 6 typical performance characteristics ............................................. 7 terminology .................................................................................... 10 theory of operation ...................................................................... 11 circuit description ......................................................................... 12 numerically controlled oscillator plus phase modulator ... 12 sin rom ...................................................................................... 12 digital - to - analog converter (dac) ....................................... 12 regulator ...................................................................................... 12 functional description .................................................................. 13 serial interface ............................................................................ 13 powering up the ad9833 ......................................................... 13 latency period ............................................................................ 13 control register ......................................................................... 13 frequency and phase registers ................................................ 15 reset function ............................................................................ 16 s leep function ............................................................................ 16 vout pin ................................................................................... 16 applications information .............................................................. 17 grounding and layout .............................................................. 17 interfacing to microprocessors ..................................................... 20 ad9833 to 68hc11/68l11 interface ....................................... 20 ad9833 to 80c51/80l51 interface .......................................... 20 ad9833 to dsp56002 interface ............................................... 20 evaluation board ............................................................................ 21 system demonstration platform .............................................. 21 ad9833 to sport interface ..................................................... 21 evaluation kit ............................................................................. 21 crystal oscillator vs. external clock ....................................... 21 power supply ............................................................................... 21 evaluation board schematics ................................................... 22 evaluation board layout ........................................................... 23 outline dimensions ....................................................................... 24 ordering guide .......................................................................... 24 automotive products ................................................................. 24 revision history 9 /1 2 rev. d to rev. e changed input current, i inh /i inl from 10 ma to 10 a .............. 3 4 /1 1 rev. c to rev. d change to figure 13 ......................................................................... 8 changes to table 9 .......................................................................... 15 deleted ad9833 to adsp - 2101/adsp - 2103 interface section .............................................................................................. 20 change s to evaluation board section .......................................... 21 added system demonstration platform section, ad98 33 to sport interface section , and e valuation kit section .......... 21 changes to crystal oscillator vs. external clock section and power supply section ............................................................. 21 added figure 3 2 and figure 3 3 ; re numbered figures sequentially ..................................................................................... 21 deleted prototyping area section and figure 33 ....................... 22 added evaluation board schema tics section , figure 34, and figure 35 ................................................................................... 22 deleted table 16 .............................................................................. 23 added evaluation board layout section, figure 3 6 , figure 3 7 , and figure 3 8 ................................................................ 2 3 changes to ordering guide .......................................................... 2 4 9 /10 rev. b to rev. c changed 20 mw to 12.65 mw in data sheet title and features lis t ................................................................................ 1 changes to figure 6 caption and figure 7 ..................................... 7 6 /10 rev. a to rev. b changes to features section ............................................................ 1 changes to serial interface section .............................................. 13 changes to vout pin section ..................................................... 16 changes to grounding and layout section ................................ 17 updated outline dimensions ....................................................... 24 changes to ord ering guide .......................................................... 24 added automotive products section .......................................... 24 6/0 3 rev. 0 to rev. a updated o rdering g uide ................................................................. 4
data sheet ad9833 r ev. e | page 3 of 24 specifications vdd = 2.3 v to 5.5 v, agnd = dgnd = 0 v, t a = t min to t max , r set = 6.8 k ? for vout, unless otherwise noted. table 1 . parameter 1 min typ max unit test conditions/comments signal dac specifications resolution 10 bits update rate 25 msps vout maximum 0.65 v vout min imum 38 mv vout t emperature coefficient 200 ppm/ c dc accuracy integral nonlinearity 1.0 lsb differential nonlinearity 0.5 lsb dds specifications (sfdr) dynamic specifications signal -to - noise ratio (snr) 55 60 db f mclk = 25 mhz, f out = f mcl k /4096 total harmonic distortion (thd) ? 66 ? 56 dbc f mclk = 25 mhz, f out = f mclk /4096 spurious - free dynamic range (sfdr) wideband (0 to nyquist) ? 60 dbc f mclk = 25 mhz, f out = f mclk /50 narrow - band ( 200 khz) ? 78 dbc f mclk = 25 mhz, f out = f mclk /50 clock feedthrough ? 60 dbc wake - up time 1 ms logic inputs input high voltage , v inh 1.7 v 2.3 v to 2.7 v power supply 2.0 v 2.7 v to 3.6 v power supply 2.8 v 4.5 v to 5.5 v power supply input low voltage , v inl 0.5 v 2.3 v to 2.7 v power supply 0.7 v 2.7 v to 3.6 v power supply 0.8 v 4.5 v to 5.5 v power supply input current , i inh /i inl 10 a input capacitance , c in 3 pf power supplies f mclk = 25 mhz, f out = f mclk /4096 vdd 2.3 5.5 v i dd 4.5 5.5 ma i dd code d ependent ; s ee figure 7 low power sleep mode 0.5 ma dac powered d own, mclk r unning 1 operating temperature range is ? 40 c to +105 c; typical specifications are at 25 c. vout comp 12 ad9833 10-bit dac sin rom 20pf 10nf vdd regulator 100nf cap/2.5v 02704-002 figure 2 . test circuit used to test specifications
ad9833 data sheet rev. e | page 4 of 24 t iming c haracteristics vdd = 2.3 v to 5.5 v, agnd = dgnd = 0 v, unless otherwise no ted . 1 table 2 . parameter limit at t min to t max unit description t 1 40 ns min mclk p eriod t 2 16 ns min mclk high duration t 3 16 ns min mclk low duration t 4 25 ns min sclk p eriod t 5 10 ns min sclk high duration t 6 10 ns min scl k low duration t 7 5 ns min fsync to sclk falling edge setup time t 8 min 10 ns min fsync to sclk hold time t 8 max t 4 ? 5 ns max t 9 5 ns min data setup time t 10 3 ns min data hold time t 11 5 ns min sclk h igh to fsync falling edge setup time 1 guaranteed by design, not production tested. timing diagrams t 2 t 1 mclk t 3 02704-003 figure 3 . master clock t 5 t 4 t 6 t 7 t 8 t 10 t 9 4 1 d 5 1 d d0 d1 d2 d14 sclk fsync sdata d15 t 11 02704-004 figure 4 . serial timing
data sheet ad9833 r ev. e | page 5 of 24 absolute maximum rat ings t a = 25 c, unless otherwise noted. table 3 . parameter rating vdd to agnd ? 0.3 v to +6 v v dd to dgnd ? 0.3 v to +6 v agnd to dgnd ? 0.3 v to +0.3 v cap/2.5 v 2.75 v digital i/o voltage to dgnd ? 0.3 v to vdd + 0.3 v analog i/o voltage to agnd ? 0.3 v to vdd + 0.3 v operating temperature range industrial (b version) ? 40 c to +105 c storage te mperature range ? 65 c to +150 c maximum junction temperature 150 c msop package ja thermal impedance 206 c/w jc thermal impedance 44 c/w lead temperature, soldering (10 sec) 300 c ir reflow, peak temperature 220 c stresses above those listed un der absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. this is a stress rating only; functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational section of this specification is not implied. exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. esd caution
ad9833 data sheet rev. e | page 6 of 24 pin configuration an d function descripti ons com p 1 vdd 2 cap/2.5v 3 dgnd 4 mclk 5 vout 10 agnd 9 fsync 8 sclk 7 sd at a 6 ad9833 t o p view (not to scale) 02704-005 figure 5. pin configuration table 4 . pin function descriptions pin n o. mnemonic description 1 comp dac bias pin. this pin is used for decoupling the dac bias voltage. 2 vdd positive power supply for the analog and digital interface sections. the on - board 2.5 v regulator is also supplied fro m vdd. vdd can have a value from 2.3 v to 5.5 v. a 0.1 f and a 10 f decoupling capacitor should be connected between vdd and agnd. 3 cap/2.5 v the digital circuitry operates from a 2.5 v power supply. this 2.5 v is generated from vdd using an on - board re gulator when vdd exceeds 2.7 v. the regulator requires a decoupling capacitor of 100 nf typical , which is connected from cap/2.5 v to dgnd. if vdd is less than or equal to 2.7 v, cap/2.5 v should be tied directly to vdd. 4 dgnd digital ground. 5 mclk digit al clock input. dds output frequencies are expressed as a binary fraction of the frequency of mclk. the output frequency accuracy and phase noise are determined by this clock. 6 sdata serial data input. the 16 - bit serial data - word is applied to this input . 7 sclk serial clock input. data is clocked into the ad9833 on each falling edge of sclk . 8 fsync active low control input. fsync is the frame synchronization signal for the input data. when fsync is taken low, the internal logic is informed that a new word i s being loaded into the device. 9 agnd analog ground. 10 vout voltage output. the analog and digital output from the ad9833 is available at this pin. an external load resistor is not required because the device has a 200 ? resistor on board.
data sheet ad9833 r ev. e | page 7 of 24 typical performance characteristics mclk frequency (mhz) i dd (ma) 5.5 5.0 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 0 5 10 15 20 25 t a = 25c 02704-006 vdd = 5v vdd = 3v figure 6 . typical current consumption (i dd ) vs. mclk frequency for f out = mclk/10 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 100 1k 10k 100k 1m 10m i dd (ma) f out (hz) vdd = 5v vdd = 3v 02704-007 figure 7 . typical i dd vs. f out for f mclk = 25 mhz 0 5 10 15 20 25 mclk fre q uency (mhz) sfdr (dbc) ?65 ?60 ?90 ?70 ?75 ?80 ?85 mclk/7 mclk/50 vdd = 3v t a = 25c 02704-008 figure 8 . narrow - band sfdr vs. mclk frequency ?45 ?40 ?70 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 ?50 ?55 ?60 ?65 mclk fre q uency (mhz) sfdr (dbc) mclk/7 mclk/50 vdd = 3v t a = 25c 02704-009 figure 9 . wideband sfdr vs. mclk frequency f out / f mclk ?30 ?90 ?80 ?70 ?60 ?50 ?40 sfdr (db) 0 ?20 ?10 f mclk = 1mhz f mclk = 10mhz 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 f mclk = 25mhz vdd = 3v t a = 25c 02704-010 f mclk = 18mhz figure 10 . wideband sfdr vs. f out /f mclk for various mclk frequencies mclk fre q uency (mhz) 1.0 5.0 10.0 12.5 25.0 snr (db) ?60 ?65 ?70 ?50 ?55 ?40 ?45 vdd = 3v t a = 25c f out = mclk/4096 02704-011 figure 11 . snr vs. mclk frequency
ad9833 data sheet rev. e | page 8 of 24 500 1000 700 650 600 550 850 750 800 900 950 ?40 25 105 temperature (c) wake-up time (s) vdd = 5.5v 02704-012 vdd = 2.3v figure 12 . wake - up time vs. temperature ?40 25 105 temperature (c) v ref (v) lower range upper range 1.150 1.125 1.100 1.175 1.200 1.250 1.225 02704-013 figure 13 . v ref vs. temperature fre q uency (hz) power (db) 0 ?20 ?50 ?90 ?100 ?80 ?70 ?60 ?40 ?30 ?10 0 100k r wb 100 st 100 sec vwb 30 02704-014 figure 14 . power vs. frequency, f mclk = 10 mhz, f out = 2.4 khz, frequency word = 0x 000fba9 fre q uency (hz) power (db) 0 ?20 ?50 ?90 ?100 ?80 ?70 ?60 ?40 ?30 ?10 0 5m r wb 1k st 50 sec vwb 300 02704-015 figure 15 . power vs. frequency, f mclk = 10 mhz, f out = 1.43 mhz = f mclk /7, frequency word = 0x 2492492 fre q uency (hz) power (db) 0 ?20 ?50 ?90 ?100 ?80 ?70 ?60 ?40 ?30 ?10 0 5m r wb 1k st 50 sec vwb 300 02704-016 figure 16 . power vs. frequency, f mclk = 10 mhz, f out = 3.33 mhz = f mclk /3, frequency word = 0x 5555555 fre q uency (hz) power (db) 0 ?20 ?50 ?90 ?100 ?80 ?70 ?60 ?40 ?30 ?10 0 100k r wb 100 st 100 sec vwb 30 02704-017 figure 17 . power vs. frequency, f mclk = 25 mhz, f out = 6 khz, frequency word = 0x 000fba9
data sheet ad9833 r ev. e | page 9 of 24 fre q uency (hz) power (db) 0 ?20 ?50 ?90 ?100 ?80 ?70 ?60 ?40 ?30 ?10 0 1m r wb 300 st 100 sec vwb 100 02704-018 figure 18 . power vs. frequency, f mclk = 25 mhz, f out = 60 khz, frequency word = 0x 009d495 fre q uency (hz) power (db) 0 ?20 ?50 ?90 ?100 ?80 ?70 ?60 ?40 ?30 ?10 0 12.5m r wb 1k st 100 sec vwb 300 02704-019 figure 19 . power vs. frequency, f mclk = 25 mhz, f out = 600 khz, frequency word = 0x 0624dd3 fre q uency (hz) power (db) 0 ?20 ?50 ?90 ?100 ?80 ?70 ?60 ?40 ?30 ?10 0 12.5m r wb 1k st 100 sec vwb 300 02704-020 figure 20 . power vs. frequency, f mclk = 25 mhz, f out = 2.4 mhz, frequen cy word = 0x 189374d fre q uency (hz) power (db) 0 ?20 ?50 ?90 ?100 ?80 ?70 ?60 ?40 ?30 ?10 0 12.5m r wb 1k st 100 sec vwb 300 02704-021 figure 21 . power vs. frequency, f mclk = 25 mhz, f out = 3.857 mhz = f mclk /7, frequency word = 0x 2492492 fre q uency (hz) power (db) 0 ?20 ?50 ?90 ?100 ?80 ?70 ?60 ?40 ?30 ?10 0 12.5m r wb 1k st 100 sec vwb 300 02704-022 figure 22 . power vs. frequency, f mclk = 25 mhz, f out = 8.333 mhz = f mclk /3 , frequency word = 0x 5555555
ad9833 data sheet rev. e | page 10 of 24 terminology integral nonlinearity (inl) inl is the maximum deviation of any code from a straight line passing through the endpoints of the transfer function. the end - points of the transfer function are zero scale, a point 0.5 lsb below the first code transition (000 00 to 000 01), and full scale, a point 0.5 lsb above the last code transition (111 10 to 111 11). the error is expressed in lsbs. differential nonlinearity (dnl) dnl is the difference between the measur ed and ideal 1 lsb change between two adjacent codes in the dac. a specified dnl of 1 lsb maximum ensures monotonicity. output compliance o utput compliance refers to the maximum voltage that can be generated at the output of the dac to meet the specificat ions. when voltages greater than that specified for the output compli - ance are generated, the ad9833 may not meet the specifications listed in the data sheet. spurious - free dynamic range (sfdr) along with the frequency of interest, harmonics of the funda - m ental frequency and images of these frequencies are present at the output of a dds device. sfdr refers to the largest spur or harmonic present in the band of interest. the wideband sfdr gives the magnitude of the largest spur or harmonic relative to the ma gnitude of the fundamental frequency in the zero to nyquist bandwidth. the narrow - band sfdr gives the attenuation of the largest spur or harmonic in a bandwidth of 200 khz about the fundamental frequency. total harmonic distortion (thd) thd is the ratio o f the rms sum of harmonics to the rms value of the fundamental. for the ad9833, thd is defined as 1 2 6 2 5 2 4 2 3 2 2 log 20 thd v v v v v v + + + + = where : v 1 is the rms amplitude of the fundamental . v 2 , v 3 , v 4 , v 5 , and v 6 are the rms amplitudes of the second through sixth harmonics . signal -to - noise ratio (snr) snr is the ratio of the rms value of the measured output signal to the rms sum of all other spectral components below the nyquist frequency. the value for snr is expressed in decibels. clock feedthrough there is feedthrough fr om the mclk input to the analog output. clock feedthrough refers to the magnitude of the mclk signal relative to the fundamental frequency in the output spectrum of the ad9833 .
data sheet ad9833 rev. e | page 11 of 24 theory of operation sine waves are typically thought of in terms of their magnitude form: a(t) = sin(t). however, these sine waves are nonlinear and not easy to generate except through piecewise construction. on the other hand, the angular information is linear in nature. that is, the phase angle rotates through a fixed angle for each unit of time. the angular rate depends on the frequency of the signal by the traditional rate of = 2 f . magnitude phase +1 0 ?1 2p 0 2 4 6 2 4 6 0 2704-023 figure 23. sine wave knowing that the phase of a sine wave is linear and given a reference interval (clock period), the phase rotation for that period can be determined. phase = t solving for , = phase/ t = 2f solving for f and substituting the reference clock frequency for the reference period (1/f mclk = t) f = phase f mclk M2 the ad9833 builds the output based on this simple equation. a simple dds chip can implement this equation with three major subcircuits: numerically controlled oscillator (nco) and phase modulator, sin rom, and digital-to-analog converter (dac). each subcircuit is described in the circuit description section.
ad9833 data sheet rev. e | page 12 of 24 c ircuit d escription the ad9833 is a fully integrated direct digital synthesis (dds) chip. the chip requires one reference clock, one low precision resistor, and decoupling capacitors to provide digitally created sine waves up to 12.5 mhz. in addition to the generation of this rf signal, the chip is fully capable of a broad range of simple and complex modulation schemes. these modulation schemes are fully implemented in the digital domain, allowing accurate and simple r ealization of complex modulation algorithms using dsp techniques. the internal circuitry of the ad9833 consists of the following main sections: a numerically controlled oscillator (nco) , frequency and phase modulators, sin rom, a dac , and a regulator. nume rically controlled o scillator plus phase modulator this consists of two frequency select registers, a phase accumulator , two phase offset registers, and a phase offset adder. the main component of the nco is a 28 - bit phase accumulator. continuous time sign als have a phase range of 0 to 2 . outside this range of numbers, the sinusoid functions repeat themselves in a periodic manner. the digital implementation is no different. the accumulator simply scales the range of phase numbers into a multibit digital word. the phase accumulator in the ad9833 is implemented with 28 bits. therefore, in the ad9833, 2 = 2 28 . likewise, the phase term is sc aled into this range of numbers: 0 < phase < 2 28 ? 1 with these substitutions, the previous equation becomes f = phase f mclk M 2 28 where 0 < phase < 2 28 ? 1 . the input to the phase accumulator can be selected from either the freq0 register or the freq1 register and is controlled by the fselect bit. ncos inherently generate continuous phase signals, thus avoiding any output discontinuity when switching between frequencies. following the nco, a phase offset can be added to perform phase modulation using the 12 - bit phase registers. the contents of one of these phase registers are added to the most significant bits of the nco. the ad9833 has two phase regis ters; their resolution is 2 /4096. s in rom to make the output from the nco useful, it must be converted from phase information into a sinusoidal value. because phase information maps directly into amplitude, the sin rom uses the digital phase info rmation as an address to a look up ta ble and converts the phase information into amplitude. although the nco contains a 28 - bit phase accumulator, the output of the nco is truncated to 12 bits. using the full resolution of the phase accumulator is impractical and unnecessary, because this woul d require a look up table of 2 28 entries. it is necessary only to have sufficient phase resolution such that the errors due to truncation are smaller than the resolution of the 10 - bit dac. this requires that the sin rom have two bits of phase resolution mor e than the 10 - bit dac. the sin rom is enabled using the mode bit (d1) in the control register (see table 15). digital - to - analog converter (dac) the ad9833 includes a high impedance , current source 10 - bit dac. the dac receives the digital words from the sin rom and converts them into the corresponding analog voltages. the dac is configured for single - ended operation. an external load resistor is not required because the device has a 200 ? resistor on board. the dac generates an output voltage of typically 0.6 v p - p. regulator vdd provides the power supply required for the analog section and the digital section of the ad9833. this supply can have a value of 2.3 v to 5.5 v. the internal dig ital section of the ad9833 is operated at 2.5 v. an on - board regulator steps down the voltage applied at vdd to 2.5 v. when the applied voltage at the vdd pin of the ad9833 is less than or equal to 2.7 v, the cap/2.5v and vdd pins should be tied together, thus bypassing the on - board regulator.
data sheet ad9833 r ev. e | page 13 of 24 f unctional d escription serial interface the ad9833 has a standard 3 - wire serial interface that is compatible with the spi, qspi?, microwire?, and dsp interface standards. data is loaded into the device as a 16 - b it word under the control of a serial clock input, sclk. the timing diagram for this operation is given in . the fsync input is a level - triggered input that acts as a frame synchronization and chip enable. data can be transferred into the device only when fsync is low. to start the serial data transfer, fsync should be taken low, observing the minimum fsync - to - sclk falling edge setup time, t 7 . after fsync goes low, serial data is shifted into the input shift register of the device on the falling edges of sc lk for 16 clock pulses. fsync may be taken high after the 16th falling edge of sclk, observing the minimum sclk falling edge to fsync rising edge time, t 8 . alternatively, fsync can be kept low for a multiple of 16 sclk pulses and then brought high at the e nd of the data transfer. in this way, a continuous stream of 16 - bit words can be loaded while fsync is held low ; fsync go es high only after the 16th sclk falling edge of the last word loaded. the sclk can be continuous, or it can idle high or low between w rite operations . in either case , it must be high when fsync goes low (t 11 ). for an example of how to program the ad9833, see the an - 1070 application note on the analog devices, inc., website. powering up the ad 9833 the flowchart in figure 26 shows the operating routine for the ad9833. when the ad9833 is powered up, the part should be reset. this reset s the appropriate internal registers to 0 to provide an analog output of midscale. to a void spurious dac outputs during ad9833 initializ ation , the reset bit should be set to 1 until the part is ready to begin generating an output. a reset does not reset the phase, frequency, or control registers. these registers will contain invalid data and , therefore , should be set to known value s by the user. the reset bit should then be set to 0 to begin generating an output. the data appear s on the dac output seven or eight mclk cycles after the reset bit is set to 0. latency period a latency period is a ssociated with each asynchronous write operation in the ad9833 . if a selecte d frequency or phase register is loaded with a new word, there is a delay of seven or eight mclk cycles before the analog output change s . the delay can be seven or eight cycles, d epending on the position of the mclk rising edge when the data is loaded into the destination register. control register the ad9833 contains a 16 - bit control register that allows the user to configure the operation of the ad9833 . all control bits other th an the mode bit are sampled on the internal falling edge of mclk. table 6 describes the individual bits of the control register. the different functions and the various output options of the ad9833 are described in more detail in the frequency and phase registers section. to inform the ad9833 that the contents of the control register will be altered, d15 and d14 must be set to 0 , as shown in tabl e 5 . table 5 . control register bits d15 d14 d13 d0 0 0 control bits sin rom phase accumulator (28-bit) ad9833 (low power) 10-bit dac 0 mux 1 sleep12 sleep1 reset mode + opbiten div2 opbiten vout 1 mux 0 digital output (enable) divide by 2 db15 0 db14 0 db13 b28 db12 hlb db11 fselect db10 pselect db9 0 db8 reset db7 sleep1 db6 sleep12 db5 opbiten db4 0 db3 div2 db2 0 db1 mode db0 0 02704-024 figure 24 . function of control bits
ad9833 data sheet rev. e | page 14 of 24 table 6 . description of bits in the control register bit n ame function d13 b28 two write operations are required to load a complete word into either of the frequency registers. b28 = 1 allows a complete word to be loaded into a frequency register in two consecutive writes. the first write contains the 14 lsbs of the frequency word, and the next write contain s the 14 msbs. the first two bits of each 16 - bit word define the frequency register to which the word is loaded and should, therefore, be the same for both of the consecutive writes. see table 8 for the appropriate addresses. the write to the frequency register occurs after both words have been loaded ; therefore, the register never holds an intermediate value. an example of a complete 28 - bit write is shown in t able 9 . when b28 = 0, the 28 - bit frequency register operates as two 14 - bit registers, one containing the 14 msbs and the other containing the 14 lsbs. this means that the 14 msbs of the frequency word can be altered independent of the 14 lsbs, and vice ve rsa. to alter the 14 msbs or the 14 lsbs, a single write is made to the appropriate frequency address. the control bit d12 (hlb) informs the ad9833 whether the bits to be altered are the 14 msbs or 14 lsbs. d12 hlb this control bit allows the user to con tinuously load the msbs or lsbs of a frequency register while ignoring the remaining 14 bits. this is useful if the complete 28 - bit resolution is not required. hlb is used in conjunction with d13 (b28). this control bit indicates whether the 14 bits being loaded are being transferred to the 14 msbs or 14 lsbs of the addressed frequency register. d13 (b28) must be set to 0 to be able to change the msbs and lsbs of a frequency word separately. when d13 (b28) = 1, this control bit is ignored. hlb = 1 allows a write to the 14 msbs of the addressed frequency register. hlb = 0 allows a write to the 14 lsbs of the addressed frequency register. d11 fselect the fselect bit defines whether the freq0 register or the freq1 register is used in the phase accumulator. d10 pselect the pselect bit defines whether the phase0 register or the phase1 register data is added to the output of the phase accumulator. d9 reserved this bit should be set to 0. d8 r eset r eset = 1 resets internal registers to 0, which corresponds t o an analog output of midscale. r eset = 0 disables reset . this function is explained further in table 13. d7 sleep1 when sleep1 = 1, the internal mclk clock is disabled, and the dac output remain s at its present value because the nco is no longer accumulating. when sleep1 = 0, mclk is enabled. this function is explained further in table 14. d6 sleep12 sleep12 = 1 powers down the on - chip dac. this is useful when the ad9833 is used to output the msb of the dac data. sleep12 = 0 implies that the dac is active. this function is explained further in table 14. d5 opbiten the function of this bit, in association with d1 ( mode ), is to control what is output at the vout pin. this is expl ained further in table 15. when opbiten = 1, the output of the dac is no longer available at the vout pin. instead, the msb (or msb/2) of the dac data is connected to the vout pin. this is useful as a coarse clock source. the div 2 bit controls whether it is the msb or msb/2 that is output. when opbiten = 0, the dac is connected to vout. the mode bit determines whether it is a sinusoidal or a ramp output that is available. d4 reserved this bit must be set to 0. d3 div2 div2 is used in association with d5 (opbiten). this is explained further in table 15 . when div2 = 1, the msb of the dac data is passed directly to the vout pin. when div2 = 0, the msb/2 of the dac data is output at the vout pin. d2 res erved this bit must be set to 0. d1 m ode this bit is used in association with opbiten (d5). the function of this bit is to control what is output at the vout pin when the on - chip dac is connected to vout. this bit should be set to 0 if the control bit op biten = 1. this is explained further in table 15 . when mode = 1, the sin rom is bypassed, resulting in a triangle output from the dac. when mode = 0, the sin rom is used to convert the phase information into amplitude information , which results in a sinusoidal signal at the output. d0 reserved this bit must be set to 0.
data sheet ad9833 rev. e | page 15 of 24 frequency and phase registers the ad9833 contains two frequency registers and two phase registers, which are described in table 7. table 7. frequency and phase registers register size description freq0 28 bits frequency register 0. when the fselect bit = 0, this register defines the output frequency as a fraction of the mclk frequency. freq1 28 bits frequency register 1. when the fselect bit = 1, this register defines the output frequency as a fraction of the mclk frequency. phase0 12 bits phase offset register 0. when the pselect bit = 0, the contents of this register are added to the output of the phase accumulator. phase1 12 bits phase offset register 1. when the pselect bit = 1, the contents of this register are added to the output of the phase accumulator. the analog output from the ad9833 is f mclk / 2 28 freqreg where freqreg is the value loaded into the selected frequency register. this signal is phase shifted by 2/ 4096 phasereg where phasereg is the value contained in the selected phase register. consideration must be given to the relationship of the selected output frequency and the reference clock frequency to avoid unwanted output anomalies. the flowchart in figure 28 shows the routine for writing to the frequency and phase registers of the ad9833. writing to a frequency register when writing to a frequency register, bit d15 and bit d14 give the address of the frequency register. table 8. frequency register bits d15 d14 d13 d0 0 1 msb 14 freq0 reg bits lsb 1 0 msb 14 freq1 reg bits lsb if the user wants to change the entire contents of a frequency register, two consecutive writes to the same address must be performed because the frequency registers are 28 bits wide. the first write contains the 14 lsbs, and the second write contains the 14 msbs. for this mode of operation, the b28 (d13) control bit should be set to 1. an example of a 28-bit write is shown in table 9. table 9. writing 0xfffc000 to the freq0 register sdata input result of input word 0010 0000 0000 0000 control word write (d15, d14 = 00), b28 (d13) = 1, hlb (d12) = x 0100 0000 0000 0000 freq0 register write (d15, d14 = 01), 14 lsbs = 0x0000 0111 1111 1111 1111 freq0 register write (d15, d14 = 01), 14 msbs = 0x3fff in some applications, the user does not need to alter all 28 bits of the frequency register. with coarse tuning, only the 14 msbs are altered, while with fine tuning, only the 14 lsbs are altered. by setting the b28 (d13) control bit to 0, the 28-bit frequency register operates as two, 14-bit registers, one containing the 14 msbs and the other containing the 14 lsbs. this means that the 14 msbs of the frequency word can be altered independent of the 14 lsbs, and vice versa. bit hlb (d12) in the control register identifies which 14 bits are being altered. examples of this are shown in table 10 a n d table 11. table 10. writing 0x3fff to the 14 lsbs of the freq1 register sdata input result of input word 0000 0000 0000 0000 control word write (d15, d14 = 00), b28 (d13) = 0; hlb (d12) = 0, that is, lsbs 1011 1111 1111 1111 freq1 reg write (d15, d14 = 10), 14 lsbs = 0x3fff table 11. writing 0x00ff to the 14 msbs of the freq0 register sdata input result of input word 0001 0000 0000 0000 control word write (d15, d14 = 00), b28 (d13) = 0, hlb (d12) = 1, that is, msbs 0100 0000 1111 1111 freq0 reg write (d15, d14 = 01), 14 msbs = 0x00ff writing to a phase register when writing to a phase register, bit d15 and bit d14 are set to 11. bit d13 identifies which phase register is being loaded. table 12. phase register bits d15 d14 d13 d12 d11 d0 1 1 0 x msb 12 phase0 bits lsb 1 1 1 x msb 12 phase1 bits lsb
ad9833 data sheet rev. e | page 16 of 24 r eset function the reset function resets appropriate interna l registers to 0 to provide an analog output of midscale. r eset does not reset the phase, frequency, or control registers. when the ad9833 is powered up, the part should be reset. to reset the ad9833, set the reset bit to 1. to take the part out of reset, set the bit to 0. a signal appear s at the dac to output eight mclk cycles after reset is set to 0. table 13. applying the reset function r eset bit result 0 no reset applied 1 internal registers reset s leep function sections of th e ad9833 that are not in use can be powered down to minimize power consumption. this is done using the sleep function. the parts of the chip that can be powered down are the internal clock and the dac. the bits required for the sleep function are outlined in table 14. table 14. applying the s leep function sleep1 bit sleep12 bit result 0 0 no power - down 0 1 dac powered down 1 0 internal clock disabled 1 1 both the dac powered down and the i nternal clock d isabled dac powered down this is useful when the ad9833 is used to output the msb of the dac data only. in this case, the dac is not required ; therefore, it can be powered down to reduce power consumption. internal clock disabled when the internal clock of the ad9833 is disabled, the dac output remain s at its present value because the nco is no longer accumulating. new frequency, phase, and control words can be written to the part when the sleep1 control bit is active. the synchronizing clock is still act ive, which means that the selected frequency and phase registers can also be changed using the control bits. setting the sleep1 bit to 0 enables the mclk. any changes made to the registers while sleep1 i s active will be seen at the output after a latency p eriod . vout pin the ad9833 offers a variety of outputs from the chip, all of which are available from the vout pin. the choice of outputs is the msb of the dac data, a sinusoidal output, or a triangle output. the opbiten (d5) and mode (d1) bits in the con trol register are used to decide which outpu t is available from the ad9833. msb of the dac data the msb of the dac data can be output from the ad9833. by setting the opbiten (d5) control bit to 1, the msb of the dac data is available at the vout pin. this is useful as a coarse clock source. this square wave can also be divided by 2 before being output. the div2 (d3) bit in the control register controls the frequency of this output from the vout pin. sinusoidal output the sin rom is used to convert the phase information from the frequency and phase registers into amplitude information that results in a sinusoidal signal at the output. to have a sinusoidal output from the vout pin, set the mode (d1) bit to 0 and the opbiten (d5) bit to 0. triangle output the s in rom can be bypassed so that the truncated digital output from the nco is sent to the dac. in this case, the output is no longer sinusoidal. the dac will produce a 10 - bit linear triangular function. to have a triangle output from the vout pin, set the mo de (d1) bit = 1. note that the sleep12 bit must be 0 ( that is, the dac is enabled) when using this pin. table 15. outputs from the vout pin opbiten bit mode bit div2 bit vout pin 0 0 x 1 sinusoid 0 1 x 1 triangle 1 0 0 dac d ata msb /2 1 0 1 dac d ata msb 1 1 x 1 reserved 1 x = dont care. v out min v out max 2 4 6 02704-025 figure 25 . triangle output
data sheet ad9833 r ev. e | page 17 of 24 a pplications information because of the various output options available from the part, the ad9833 can be configured to suit a wide varie ty of applications . one of the areas where the ad9833 is suitable is in modulation applications. the part can be used to perform simple modulation, such as fsk. more complex modulation schemes, such as gmsk and qpsk, can also be implemented using the ad983 3. in an fsk application, the two frequency registers of the ad9833 are loaded with different values. one frequency represent s the space frequency, while the other represent s the mark frequency. using the fselect bit in the control register of the ad9833, the user can modulate the carrier frequency between the two values. the ad9833 has two phase registers , which enables the part to perform psk. with phase - shift keying, the carrier frequency is phase shifted, the phase being altered by an amount that is rel ated to the bit stream being input to the modulator. the ad9833 is also suitable for signal generator applications. because the msb of the dac data is available at the vout pin, the device can be used to generate a square wave. with its low current consump tion, the part is suitable for applications in which it can be used as a local oscillator. g rounding a nd l ayout the printed circuit board (pcb) that houses the ad9833 should be designed so that the analog and digital sections are separated and confined to certain areas of the board. this facilitates the use of ground planes that can be separated easily. a minimum etch technique is generally best for ground planes because it gives the best shielding. digital and analog ground planes should be joi ned in one place only. if the ad9833 is the only device requiring an agnd - to - dgnd connection, then the ground planes should be connected at the agnd and dgnd pins of the ad9833. if the ad9833 is in a system where multiple devices require agnd - to - dgnd conne ctions, the connection should be made at one point only, a star ground point that should be established as close as possible to the ad9833. avoid running digital lines under the device as these couple noise onto the die. the analog ground plane should be a llowed to run under the ad9833 to avoid noise coupling. the power supply lines to the ad9833 should use as large a track as possible to provide low impedance paths and reduce the effects of glitches on the power supply line. fast switching signals, such as clocks, should be shielded with digital ground to avoid radiating noise to other sections of the board. avoid crossover of digital and analog signals. traces on opposite sides of the board should run at right angles to each other. this reduce s the effect s of feedthrough through the board. a microstrip technique is by far the best , but it is not always possible with a double - sided board. in this technique, the component side of the board is dedicated to ground planes, and signals are placed on the other si de. good decoupling is important. the ad9833 should have supply bypassing of 0.1 f ceramic capacitors in parallel with 10 f tantalum capacitors. to achieve the best performance from the decoupling capacitors, they should be placed as close as possible to the device, ideally right up against the device.
ad9833 data sheet rev. e | page 18 of 24 data write (see figure 28) select data sources wait 7/8 mclk cycles v out = v ref 18 r load / r set (1 + (sin (2 (freqreg f mclk t /2 28 + phasereg / 2 12 )))) dac output change phase? change frequency? change dac output from sin to ramp? change output to a digital signal? change pselect? change phase register? change fselect? change frequency register? control register write (see table 6) initialization (see figure 27 below) no no no no yes no yes yes no yes yes yes yes yes 02704-026 figure 26 . flowc hart for ad9833 initialization and operation initialization apply reset (control register write) reset = 1 write to frequency and phase registers freq0 reg = f out0 / f mclk 2 28 freq1 reg = f out1 / f mclk 2 28 phase0 and phase1 reg = (phaseshift 2 12 )/2 (see figure 28) set reset = 0 select frequency registers select phase registers (control register write) reset bit = 0 fselect = selected frequency register pselect = selected phase register 02704-027 figure 27 . flowchart for initialization
data sheet ad9833 r ev. e | page 19 of 24 no write 14msbs or lsbs to a frequency register? (control register write) b28 (d13) = 0 hlb (d12) = 0/1 write a 16-bit word (see table 10 and table 11 for examples) write 14msbs or lsbs to a frequency register? write to phase register? (16-bit write) d15, d14 = 11 d13 = 0/1 (choose the phase register) d12 = x d11 ... d0 = phase data write to another phase register? yes write another full 28-bit word to a frequency register? write two consecutive 16-bit words (see table 9 for example) (control register write) b28 (d13) = 1 write a full 28-bit word to a frequency register? data write no yes yes no yes o n o n yes yes 02704-028 figure 28 . flowchar t for data writes
ad9833 data sheet rev. e | page 20 of 24 i nterfacing to m icroprocessors the ad983 3 has a standard serial interface that allows the part to interface directly with several microprocessors. the device uses an external serial clock to write the data or control information into the device. the serial clock can have a frequency of 40 mhz maximum. the serial clock can be continuous, or it can idle high or low between write operations. when data or control informa - tion is written to the ad983 3 , fsync is taken low and is held low unt il the 16 bits of data are written into the ad983 3 . the fsync signal frames the 16 bits of information that are loaded into the ad983 3 . ad9833 to 68hc11/68l 11 interface figure 29 shows the serial interface between the ad9833 and t he 68hc11/68l11 microcontroller. the microcontroller is con - figured as the master by setting the mstr bit in the spcr to 1. this setting provides a serial clock on sck ; the mosi output drives the serial data line sdata. because the microcontroller does not have a dedicated frame sync pin, the fsync signal is derived from a port line (pc7). the setup conditions for correct operation of the interface are as follows: ? sck idles high between write operations (cpol = 0) ? data is valid on the sck falling edge (cpha = 1) when data is being transmitted to the ad9833 , the fsync line is taken low (pc7). serial data from the 68hc11/68l11 is trans - mitted in 8 - bit bytes with only eight falling clock edges occurring in the transmit cycle. data is transmitted msb first. to l oad data into the ad9833 , pc7 is held low after the first eight bits are transferred, and a second serial write operation is performed to the ad9833 . only after the second eight bits are transferred should fsync be taken high again. ad9833 fsync sdata sclk 68hc11/68l11 pc7 mosi sck 02704-030 figure 29 . 68hc11/68l11 to ad9833 interface ad9833 to 80c51/80l5 1 interface figure 30 shows the serial interface between the ad9833 and the 80c51/80l51 microcontroller. the microcontroller is oper - ated in m ode 0 so that txd of the 80c51/80l51 drives sclk of the ad9833, and rxd drives the serial data line sdata. the fsync signal is derived from a bit programmable pin on the port (p3.3 is shown in figure 30 ). when data is to be transmitted to the ad983 3 , p3.3 is taken low. the 80c51/80l51 transmits data in 8 - bit bytes, thus only eight falling sclk edges occur in each cycle. to load the remaining eight bits to the ad983 3 , p3.3 is held low after the first eight bits are tran smitted, and a second write operation is initiated to transmit the second byte of data. p3.3 is taken high following the completion of the second write operation. sclk should idle high between the two write operations. the 80c51/80l51 outputs the serial data in a format that has the lsb first. the ad983 3 accepts the msb first (the four msbs are the control information, the next four bits are the address, and the eight lsbs contain the data when writing to a destination register). therefore, the transmit r outine of the 80c51/80l51 must take this into account and rearrange the bits so that the msb is output first. ad9833 fsync sdata sclk 80c51/80l51 p3.3 rxd txd 02704-031 figure 30 . 80c51/80l51 to ad9833 interface ad9833 to dsp56002 i nterface figure 31 shows the i nterface between the ad9833 and the dsp56002. the dsp56002 is configured for normal mode asyn - chronous operation with a gated internal clock (syn = 0, gck = 1, sckd = 1). the frame sync pin is generated internally (sc2 = 1), the transfers are 16 bits wide (wl1 = 1, wl0 = 0), and the frame sync signal frames the 16 bits (fsl = 0). the frame sync signal is available on the sc2 pin, but it must be inverted before it is applied to the ad983 3 . the interface to the dsp56000/dsp56001 is similar to that of the dsp5 6002. ad9833 fsync sdata sclk dsp56002 sc2 std sck 02704-032 figure 31 . dsp56002 to ad9833 interface
data sheet ad9833 r ev. e | page 21 of 24 e valuation b oard the ad9833 evaluation board allows designers to evaluate the high performance ad9833 dds modulator with a minimum of effort. system de monstration platform the sy stem de monstration platform (sdp) is a hardware and software evaluation tool for use in conjunction with product evaluation boards. the sdp board is based on the blackfin? adsp - bf527 processor with usb connectivity to the pc through a usb 2.0 high speed port. for more information about the sdp board , see the sdp board product page. n ote th at the sdp board is sold separately from the ad9833 evaluation board. ad9833 to sport inte rface the analog devices sdp board has a sport serial port that is used to control the serial inputs to the ad9833. the connections are shown in figure 32. ad9833 fsync sdata sclk 02704-034 sport_tfs sport_tsclk sport_dto adsp-bf527 figure 32 . sdp to ad9833 interface evaluation kit the dds evalua tion kit includes a populated, tested ad9833 printed circuit board (pcb). the schematics of the evaluation board are shown in figure 34 and figure 35. the software provided in the evaluation kit allows th e user to easily program the ad9833 (see figure 33) . the evaluation soft - ware runs on any ibm - compatible pc with microsoft? windows? software installed (including windows 7). the software is com - patible with both 32 - bit and 64 - bit operating systems. more information about the evaluation software is available on the software cd and on the ad9833 product page . 02704-035 figure 33 . ad9833 evaluation software interface crysta l oscillator vs. external c lock the ad9833 can operate with master clocks up to 25 mhz. a 25 mhz oscillator is included on the evaluation board. t his oscillator can be removed and, if required, an external cmos clock can be connected to the part. options for the general oscillator include the following: ? ael 301- series oscillators , ael c rystals ? sg- 310scn oscillators, epson electronics power supply power to t he ad9833 evaluation board can be provided from the usb connector or externally through pin connectio ns. the power leads should be twisted to reduce ground loops.
ad9833 data sheet rev. e | page 22 of 24 evaluation board schematics 02704-036 figure 34 . evaluation board schematic 02704-037 figure 35 . sdp connector schematic
data sheet ad9833 r ev. e | page 23 of 24 evaluation board lay out 02704-038 fi gure 36 . ad9833 evaluation board component side 02704-039 figure 37 . ad9833 evaluation board silkscreen 02704-040 figure 38 . ad9833 evaluation board solder side
ad9833 data sheet rev. e | page 24 of 24 outline dimensions compliant to jedec standards mo-187-ba 091709-a 6 0 0.70 0.55 0.40 5 10 1 6 0.50 bsc 0.30 0.15 1.10 max 3.10 3.00 2.90 coplanarity 0.10 0.23 0.13 3.10 3.00 2.90 5.15 4.90 4.65 pin 1 identifier 15 max 0.95 0.85 0.75 0.15 0.05 figure 39. 10-lead mini small outline package [msop] (rm-10) dimensions shown in millimeters ordering guide model 1, 2, 3 temperature range package description package option branding ad9833brm ?40c to +105c 10-lead msop rm-10 djb ad9833brm-reel ?40c to +105c 10-lead msop rm-10 djb ad9833brm-reel7 ?40c to +105c 10-lead msop rm-10 djb ad9833brmz ?40c to +105c 10-lead msop rm-10 d68 ad9833brmz-reel ?40c to +105c 10-lead msop rm-10 d68 ad9833brmz-reel7 ?40c to +105c 10-lead msop rm-10 d68 ad9833wbrmz-reel ?40c to +105c 10-lead msop rm-10 d68 eval-ad9833sdz evaluation board 1 z = rohs compliant part. 2 w = qualified for auto motive applications. 3 the evaluation board fo r the ad9833 requires the system de monstration platform (sdp) board, which is sold separately. automotive products the ad9833wbrmz-reel model is available with controlled manufacturing to support the quality and reliability requirements of automotive applications. note that this automotive model may have specifications that differ from the commercial models; theref ore, designers should review the specifications section of this data sheet carefully. only the automotive grade product shown is ava ilable for use in automotive applications. contact your local analog devices account representative for specific product ordering informat ion and to obtain the specific automotive reliability reports for these models. ?2003C2012 analog devices, inc. all rights reserved. trademarks and registered trademarks are the prop erty of their respective owners. d02704-0-9/12(e)

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