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  gm 431 s 2.5v adjustable shunt regulator gm431s v 2.01 1 ww w . g am ma mi c r o . c o m.tw application switching power supplies linear regulator adjustable supplies battery - orperated computers computer disk drives instrumentation logic symbol block diagram description the gm431 s is a three terminal adjustable shunt regulator with a specified thermal stability guaranteed over temperature. the o utput voltage c an be adjusted to any value between 2.5v (v ref ) and 3 6 v by using two external resistors. active output circuitry provides a very sharp t urn on c haracteristic , making the gm431 s an excellent replacement for zener diodes in many applications such as on board regulation and adjustable power supplies. the the gm431 s shunt regulator is available with two voltage tolerances 0.5%, and 1.0% over full temperature range and four package opt ions - s o t - 23, t o - 92, s o t - 89 and s o - 8 . features ? sink current capability 1ma to 100ma ? fast turn on response ? low out put noise ? 0.5%, or 1% reference voltage tolerance ? temperature range - 40 c to + 125 c ? available in most advanced small sot 23, sot 23, to92, sot 89 and s o 8 packages cathode reference anode v ref cathode anode reference
gm 431s v 2.01 2 gm 431 s 2.5v adjustable shunt regulators marking information and pin configurations (top view) small sot23 and sot23 to92 sot89 ordering information ordering n u mber precision device code grade packa g e shipping gm 431 s at92b g 0.5% a to - 92 1,000 units/ esd bag gm431 s at92rl g 0.5% a to - 92 2,000 units/ammo pack (tape) gm431 s ast23r g 0.5% as a a sot - 23 3,000 units/tape & reel GM431SAST23MRG 0.5% asa a small sot - 23 3,000 units/tape & reel gm431srast23rg 0.5% rsa a sot - 23 3,000 units/tape & reel gm431sast8 9rg 0.5% a sot - 89 1,000 units/tape & reel gm431sbt92bg 1.0% b to - 92 1,000 units/esd bag gm431sbt92rlg 1.0% b to - 92 2,000 units/ammo pack (tape) gm431sbst23rg 1.0% asb b sot - 23 3,000 units/tape & reel gm431sbst23mrg 1.0% asb b small sot - 23 3,000 unit s/tape & reel gm431srbst23rg 1.0% rsb b sot - 23 3,000 units/tape & reel gm431bst89rg 1.0% b sot - 89 1,000 units/tape & reel asx yw 1 re f anode 2 3 cathode 431 sg ayww ref 1 2 anode 3 cathod e 431 sg ayww 2 anode 3 cathode ref 1 (gm431s) asx: marking code (see table below) rsx: marking code (see table below) g: g rade code (a: 0.5%, b: 1.0%) a: assembly/test site code y: year w: week code ww: week rsx yw 1 cathode anode 2 3 ref (gm431sr)
gm 431 s 2.5v adjustable shunt regulator gm431s v 2.01 3 absolute maximum ratings parameter symbol ratings units cathode voltage v ka 3 7 v continuous cathode current range i k - 10 0 to 150 ma reference input current range i ref - 50 a to 10ma power dissipation at t a = 25 c sot - 23 p d 0.23 w to - 92 0.78 sot - 89 0.8 package thermal resistance sot - 23 ? ja 336 c /w to - 92 132 sot - 89 132 operating ambient temperature range t a - 40 - 125 c storage temperature - 65 to 150 c lead temperature (soldering 10 sec.) 260 c recommended operating conditions parameter symbol min max units cathode voltage v ka v ref 36 v cathode current i k 1 100 ma equivalent schematics 10k 20pf 800 800 20pf 3.28k 2.4k 7.2k 4k 1k cathode reference anode
gm 431s v 2.01 4 gm 431 s 2.5v adjustable shunt regulators electrical characteristics ( t a = 2 5 c unless otherwise specified) parameter symbol condition m in t yp m ax u nit reference voltage gm431 s a v ref v ka = v ref , i k = 10ma, test circuit 1 2 48 7 2 500 2 5 13 mv gm431 s b 2 475 2 500 2 525 v ref deviation over temperature v ref(dev) v ka = v ref , i k = 10m a, t a = 0 to 70 c 8 17 mv ratio of change in v ref to change in v ka ? v ref / ? v ka i k = 10ma ? v ka = 10v to v ref - 2.7 - 1.0 mv/v ? v ka = 36 v to 10v - 2 - 0.4 reference input current i ref i k = 10ma, r1 = 10k, r2 = test circuit 2 0.5 1.2 a i ref devia tion over temperature v ref(dev) i k = 10ma, r1 = 10k, r2 = t a = full range, test circuit 2 0.4 1.2 a minimum cathode current i k(min) v ka = v ref test circuit 1 0.4 1.0 ma off - state cathode current i k(off) v ka = 36 v, v ref = 0v test circuit 3 0.1 1 a dynamic impedance | z ka | v ka = v ref , i k = 1ma to 10ma, f 1khz, test circuit 1 0.2 5 0.5 ? test circuits v in v ka i k(off) v in v ka i k v ref v in v ka i k v ref r1 r2 v ref i ref test circuit 1 v ka = v ref test circuit 2 v ka ? v ref test circuit 3 off - stat e
gm 431 s 2.5v adjustable shunt regulator gm431s v 2.01 5 typical characteristics cathode voltage (v) figure 4 . cath o de current vs. cath o de v o ltage cathode current ( ? a) 1000 800 600 400 20 0 0 - 200 - 400 - 0.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 catho de voltage (v) figure 5 . cath o de current vs. cath o de v o ltage cathode current (m a) 200 150 100 50 0 - 50 - 100 - 150 - 2 - 1 0 1 2 3 t a ambient temperature ( ? c) figure 6 . reference input current vs. ambient temperature - 40 - 20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 i ref , reference input current (ma) ) 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 frequency (hz) figure 7 . dynamic impedance 0 100k 200k 300k 400k 500k impedance 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 600k t a ambient temperature ( ? c) figure 8 . reference input voltage vs. ambient temperature - 20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 - 40 2.500 2.498 2.496 2.494 2.492 2.490 2.488 v ref , reference input voltage (v ) 2.486
gm 431s v 2.01 6 gm 431 s 2.5v adjustable shunt regulators v ref = 2.5v typical design guide f o r ac - dc smps (switching mode power supp l y) use o f shunt regulat o r in transf o rmer sec o nda ry side co ntr o l thi s examp l e i s app li cab l e to both forward tran s former s and f l yback tran s former s . a shunt reg u l ator i s u s ed on the s econdary s ide a s an error amp l ifier, and feedback to the primary s ide is provided via a photo - coup l er. determinati o n o f e xternal con stant s f o r the shunt regulat o r d c c haracteristic determinati o n: in the application circuit above , r 1 and r 2 are protection re s i s tor s for the l ight emitting diode in the photo - coup l er, and r 2 i s a byp a ss re s i s tor to feed i k minimum, and the s e are determined a s s hown be l ow. the photo - coup l er s pecification s hou l d be obtained s eparate ly from the manufacturer. us ing the parameter s in this circuit , the fo ll owing formu las are obtained: v k is the gm43 1 s operating vo l tage, and is s et at around 3v, taking into account a margin for f l uctuation. r 2 i s the current s hunt re s i s tance for the 1ight emitting diode, in which a bia s current i b of around 1/5 i f f1ow s . next, the output vo l tage can be determined by r 3 and r4, and the fo ll owing formu l a i s obtained: the abso1ute va1ues of r 3 and r 4 are determined by the gm43 1 s reference input current i ref and the ac characteri s tic s de s cribed in the next section. the i ref va1ue i s around 0 .7a typ. gm384x series transformer sbd r1 r3 output v o (+) ( - ) r4 v ref r5 c1 r2 i f i b v f light emitting diode phototransistor gm 431 s figure 9. typical shunt regulat o r/ err o r amplifier v o = v ref ( r 4 ) r 3 + r4 r1 = i f + i b v o C v f - v k r2 = i b v f
gm 431 s 2.5v adjustable shunt regulator gm431s v 2.01 7 g1 * f osc : pwm switching frequency g2 f1 f2 f ac gain g (db) a c character isti c determinati o n: thi s refer s to the determination of the gain frequency characteri s tic of the shunt regu l ator a s an error amp1ifier. taking the configuration in figure 1 0 , the error amp1ifier characteri s tic i s a s shown in figure 10. i n fi gure 17, the fo ll owing formu l a s are obtained: gain g1 = g0 ? corner frequencie s f 1 = 1 / p c 1 g 0 r 3 ) f 2 = 1 / p c 1 r 5 ) g 0 is the shunt regu l ator open - l oop gain; thi s i s given by the reciproca l of the r eference vo l tage f l uctuation : ? v ref / ? ka , and i s approximate l y 50 db . practical example con s ider the examp l e of a photocoup l er, with an interna l l ight emitting diode v f = 1.05 v and i f = 2.5 m a, power s upp l y output vo1tage v2 = 5 v, and bia s re s i s tance r2 current of approximate l y 1/ 5 i f at 0.5ma . if the shunt regu l ator v k = 3 v, the fo ll owing va l ue s are found. next, a ss ume that r3 = r4 = 10 k. t hi s give s a 5v output. if r5 = 3.3 k , and c1 = 0.022 pf, the fo ll owing va l ue s are found. g 2 = 3.3 k ? / 10k? = 0.33 times ( - 10 db) f 1 = 1 / (2 ? ? ? ? ? 1 = 1 / (2 ? ? ? ? figure 10. gm431 s err o r amplificati o n characteristic when r 5 = 0 when r 5 = 0 f osc frequency f (hz) g 2 = r 3 r 5 1.05v r 2 = 0.54ma = 2.1k ? r 1 = 2.5ma + 0.54ma 5v C 1.05v C 3v = 316 ?
gm 431s v 2.01 8 gm 431 s 2.5v adjustable shunt regulators package outline dimensions C small sot 23 0. 110 C 0. 118 ( 2.800 C 3.000 ) 0.037 ( 0.095 ) typ . inch (mm) 0. 012 C 0. 020 ( 0.300 C 0.500 ) 0. 089 C 0. 100 ( 2.250 C 2.550 ) 0. 071 C 0. 079 ( 1.800 C 2.000 ) 0.035 C 0. 045 ( 0.900 C 1.150 ) 0.035 C 0. 041 ( 0.900 C 1.105 ) 0.000 C 0. 004 ( 0.000 C 0.100 ) 0.003 C 0. 006 ( 0.080 C 0.150 ) 0.012 C 0. 020 ( 0.300 C 0.500 ) 0.047 C 0. 055 ( 1.200 C 1.400 ) 0.010 ( 0.250 ) 8 0.022 ( 0.550 ) ref
gm 431 s 2.5v adjustable shunt regulator gm431s v 2.01 9 package outline dimensions C sot 23 package outline dimensions C sot 89 0.061 ref 1.550 ref 0.173 C 0.181 (4.39 C 4.59) 0.090 C 0.10 2 (2.28 C 2.59) 0.016 C 0.023 (0.400 C 0.580) 0.013 C 0.021 (0.320 C 0.520) 0.0 59 bsc ( 1. 49) bsc 0. 118 bsc (2.99) bsc 0.155 C 0.167 (3.94 C 4.24) 0.035 C 0.047 (0.89 C 1.19) 0.055 C 0.063 (1.39 C 1.60) 0.014 C 0.017 (0.35 C 0.43) 0.084 C 0.090 (2.13 C 2.28) 8 0.110 C 0.120 (2.80 C 3.04) 0.013 C 0.017 (0.34 C 0.44 ) 0.0005 C 0.0040 (0.025 C 0.102) 0.047 C 0.055 (1.20 C 1.40) 0.003 C 0.007 (0.08 C 0.18) 0.063 C 0.104 (2.11 C 2.62) 0.075 (1.91) typ. 0.037 (0.93) typ. 0.0150 C 0.0200 (0.382 C 0.508) 0 - 8 typ
gm 431s v 2.01 10 gm 431 s 2.5v adjustable shunt regulators package outline dimensions C to 92 package outline dimensions C so 8 3.85 C 4.19 4.7 C 5.2 4.9 C 5.2 12.7 C 14..2 1.22 C 1.32 0.4 C 0.55 typ. 0.189 C 0.197 ( 4.800 C 5.004 ) 0. 228 C 0. 244 ( 5.791 C 6.198 ) 0. 150 C 0. 157 ( 3.810 C 3.988 ) 0. 008 C 0. 010 ( 0.203 C 0.254 ) 0. 004 C 0. 010 ( 0.102 C 0.254 ) 0. 053 C 0. 059 ( 1.346 C 1.753 ) 0. 014 C 0. 020 ( 0.356 C 0.508 ) 0. 016 C 0. 050 ( 0.406 C 0.270 ) 0. 050 ( 1.270 ) typ . seating plan 8.0 max
gm 431 s 2.5v adjustable shunt regulator gm431s v 2.01 11 o rdering number g m 431s a st23 r g a p m g a m m a m i c r o c i r c u i t t y p e o u t p u t a c c u r a c y p a c k a g e t y p e s h i p p i n g t y p e g : g r e e n a : 0 . 5 % b : 1 . 0 % t 9 2 : t o 92 s t 2 3 : s o t 23 s t 2 3 m : s m a l l s o t 2 3 s t 8 9 : s o t 89 s 8 : s o 8 b : b a g rl : ammo pack ( t ape) t : tube r: t ape & reel g m 431sr a st23 r g a p m g a m m a m i c r o c i r c u i t t y p e o u t p u t a c c u r a c y p a c k a g e t y p e s h i p p i n g t y p e g : g r e e n a : 0 . 5 % b : 1 . 0 % t 9 2 : t o 9 2 s t 2 3 : s o t 2 3 s t 2 3 m : s m a l l s o t 2 3 s t 8 9 : s o t 8 9 s 8 : s o 8 b : b a g rl : ammo pack ( t ape) t : tube r: t ape & reel note: pb - free products : ? rohs compliant and compatible with the current require - ments of ipc/jedec j - std - 020. ? suitable for use in pb - free soldering processes with 100% matte tin (sn) plating. green products : ? l ead - free (rohs compliant) ? h alogen free(br or cl does not exceed 900ppm by weight in homogeneous material and total of br and cl does not exceed 1500ppm by weight)


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