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general description the single MAX4036/max4037 and dual max4038/ max4039 operational amplifiers operate from a single +1.4v to +3.6v (without reference) or +1.8v to +3.6v (with reference) supply and consume only 800na of supply current per amplifier, and 1.1? for the optional refer- ence. the MAX4036/max4038 feature a common-mode input voltage range from 0v to v dd - 0.4v at v dd = 1.4v. the max4037/max4039 feature a 1.232v voltage refer- ence capable of sourcing 100? and sinking 20?. the MAX4036?ax4039s?rail-to-rail outputs drive 5k ? loads to within 25mv of the rails. ultra-low supply current, low operating voltage, and rail-to-rail outputs make the MAX4036?ax4039 ideal for use in single- cell lithium-ion (li+), or two-cell nicd/nimh/alkaline battery-powered applications. the MAX4036 is available in an sc70 package, the max4037 in a sot23 package, and the max4038/ max4039 in ?ax and tdfn packages. all devices are specified over the -40? to +85? extended tem- perature range. applications battery-powered/solar-powered systems portable medical instrumentation pagers and cell phones micropower thermostats and potentiostats electrometer amplifiers remote sensor amplifiers active badges ph meters features ? ultra-low 800na per amplifier supply current ? ultra-low 1.4v supply voltage operation (1.8v for max4037/max4039) ? rail-to-rail outputs drive 5k ? and 5000pf load ? 1.232v 0.5%, 80ppm/c (max) reference (max4037/max4039) ? no external reference bypass capacitor required ? no phase reversal for overdriven inputs ? low 1.0pa (typ) input bias current ? low 200v input offset voltage ? unity-gain stable ? available in tiny sc70, sot23, tdfn, and max packages MAX4036?ax4039 low i bias , +1.4v/800na, rail-to-rail op amps with +1.2v buffered reference ________________________________________________________________ maxim integrated products 1 ina+ sensor ref three-electrode potentiostat application inb+ outa inb- outb ina- v dd v ss max4039 3v adc t ypical operating circuit ordering information max4039 outa ref ina- ina+ v ss outb inb- inb+ v dd ref functional diagram 19-3142; rev 0; 1/04 for pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact maxim/dallas direct! at 1-888-629-4642, or visit maxim? website at www.maxim-ic.com. * future product?ontact factory for availability. ** ep = exposed paddle. rail-to-rail is a registered trademark of nippon motorola, ltd. part temp range pin- package top mark MAX4036 exk-t* -40? to +85? 5 sc70-5 afr max4037 eut-t -40? to +85? 6 sot23-6 abrx max4038 eta -40? to +85? 8 tdfn-ep** ago max4038eua -40? to +85? 8 ?ax max4039 etb* -40? to +85? 10 tdfn-ep** aan max4039eub -40? to +85? 10 ?ax pin configurations and selector guide appear at end of data sheet.
MAX4036?ax4039 low i bias , +1.4v/800na, rail-to-rail op amps with +1.2v buffered reference 2 _______________________________________________________________________________________ absolute maximum ratings electrical characteristics (v dd = +3v, v ss = v cm = 0v, v out_ = v dd /2, r l to v dd /2, c l = 15pf, t a = +25c , unless otherwise specified.) stresses beyond those listed under ?bsolute maximum ratings?may cause permanent damage to the device. these are stress rating s only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specificatio ns is not implied. exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. v dd to v ss .............................................................-0.3v to +4.0v ina+, inb+, ina-, inb-, in+, in-, outa, outb, out, ref .........................(v ss - 0.3v) to (v dd + 0.3v) outa, outb, out, ref shorted to v ss or v dd .......continuous maximum continuous power dissipation (t a = +70?) 5-pin sc70 (derate 3.1mw/? above +70?) ..............247mw 6-pin sot23 (derate 8.7mw/? above +70?)............696mw 8-pin ?ax (derate 4.5mw/? above +70?) .............362mw 8-pin tdfn (derate 24.4mw/? above +70?) .........1951mw 10-pin ?ax (derate 5.6mw/? above +70?) ...........444mw 10-pin tdfn (derate 24.4mw/? above +70?) .......1951mw operating temperature range ...........................-40? to +85? junction temperature .....................................................+150? storage temperature range .............................-65? to +150? lead temperature (soldering, 10s) .................................+300? parameter symbol conditions min typ max units MAX4036/max4038, guaranteed by psrr tests 1.4 3.6 supply voltage range v dd max4037/max4039, guaranteed by psrr and line regulation tests 1.8 3.6 v v dd = 1.4v 0.8 1.2 MAX4036 v dd = 3.6v 0.9 1.3 v dd = 1.8v 1.9 2.4 max4037 v dd = 3.6v 2.0 2.5 v dd = 1.4v 1.7 2.3 max4038 v dd = 3.6v 1.9 2.5 v dd = 1.8v 2.8 4.0 supply current i dd max4039 v dd = 3.6v 3.0 4.1 ? operational amplifiers input offset voltage v os ?.2 ?.0 mv input bias current i b (note 1) ?.0 ?0 pa input offset current i os (note 1) ?.3 ?0 pa v d d = 1.4v ( m ax 4036/m ax 4038 onl y) v ss v dd - 0.4 v dd = 1.8v v ss v dd - 0.3 input common-mode voltage range v cm guaranteed by cmrr test v dd = 3.3v v ss v dd - 0.2 v v dd = 1.4v, v ss ? v cm ? (v dd - 0.4v) (MAX4036/max4038 only) 50 70 v dd = 1.8v, v ss ? v cm ? (v dd - 0.3v) 50 70 common-mode rejection ratio cmrr v dd = 3.3v, v ss ? v cm ? (v dd - 0.2v) 56 76 db 1.4v ? v dd ? 3.6v (MAX4036/max4038 only) 62 82 power-supply rejection ratio psrr 1.8v ? v dd ? 3.6v 62 84 db MAX4036?ax4039 low i bias , +1.4v/800na, rail-to-rail op amps with +1.2v buffered reference _______________________________________________________________________________________ 3 electrical characteristics (continued) (v dd = +3v, v ss = v cm = 0v, v out_ = v dd /2, r l to v dd /2, c l = 15pf, t a = +25c , unless otherwise specified.) parameter symbol conditions min typ max units r l = 100k ? , 50mv ? v out ? (v dd - 50mv) 80 108 large-signal voltage gain a vol r l = 5k ? , 150mv ? v out ? (v dd - 150mv) 78 105 db r l = 100k ? 25 output voltage swing high v dd - v oh r l = 5k ? 25 50 mv r l = 100k ? 25 output voltage swing low v ol - v ss r l = 5k ? 25 50 mv output short-circuit current i sco to v dd or v ss ?3 ma gain-bandwidth product gbw 4 khz phase margin m 90 degrees slew rate sr 0.4 v/ms power-on time t on (note 3) 0.25 ms input noise-voltage density e n f = 1khz 500 nv/ hz reference (max4037/max4039) reference voltage v ref 1.226 1.232 1.238 v line regulation ? v ref / ? v dd v dd = +1.8v to +3.6v 0.3 %/v 0 ? i load ? 100?, sourcing 0.0015 load regulation ? v ref / ? i load -20? ? i load ? 0, sinking 0.0075 %/? reference output voltage noise e n 0.1hz to 10hz 60 ? p-p short to v dd 0.25 output short-circuit current i scr short to v ss 1.9 ma capacitive-load stability range c load (note 1) 0 250 pf electrical characteristics (v dd = +3v, v ss = v cm = 0v, v out_ = v dd /2, r l to v dd /2, c l = 15pf, t a = t min to t max , unless otherwise specified.) (note 2) parameter symbol conditions min typ max units MAX4036/max4038, guaranteed by psrr test 1.4 3.6 supply voltage range v dd max4037/max4039, guaranteed by psrr and line regulation tests 1.8 3.6 v v dd = 1.4v 1.7 MAX4036 v dd = 3.6v 1.8 v dd = 1.8v 3.1 max4037 v dd = 3.6v 3.2 v dd = 1.4v 2.9 max4038 v dd = 3.6v 3.2 v dd = 1.8v 5.2 supply current i dd max4039 v dd = 3.6v 5.3 a electrical characteristics (continued) (v dd = +3v, v ss = v cm = 0v, v out_ = v dd /2, r l to v dd /2, c l = 15pf, t a = t min to t max , unless otherwise specified.) (note 2) parameter symbol conditions min typ max units operational amplifiers input offset voltage v os ? mv input offset voltage temperature coefficient tcv os ? ?/? input bias current i b ?00 pa input offset current i os ?00 pa v dd = 1.4v (MAX4036/max4038 only) v ss v dd - 0.4 v dd = 1.8v v ss v dd - 0.4 input common-mode voltage range v cm guaranteed by cmrr test v dd = 3.3v v ss v dd - 0.2 v v dd = 1.4v, v ss v cm (v dd - 0.4v) (MAX4036/max4038 only) 44 v dd = 1.8v, v ss v cm (v dd - 0.4v) 50 common-mode rejection ratio cmrr v dd = 3.3v, v ss v cm (v dd - 0.2v) 52 db 1.4v v dd 3.6v (MAX4036/max4038 only) 60 power-supply rejection ratio psrr 1.8v v dd 3.6v 60 db r l = 100k ? , 50mv v out (v dd - 50mv) 75 large-signal voltage gain a vol r l = 5k ? , 150mv v out (v dd - 150mv) 73 db r l = 100k ? 10 output voltage swing high v dd - v oh r l = 5k ? ? 10 output voltage swing low v ol - v ss r l = 5k ? reference (max4037/max4039) reference voltage temperature coefficient tcv ref (note 1) 20 80 ppm/? line regulation ? v ref / ? v dd v dd = 1.8v to 3.6v 0.6 %/v 0 i load 100?, sourcing 0.003 load regulation ? v ref / ? i load -20? i load 0, sinking 0.015 %/? capacitive-load stability range c load (note 1) 0 250 pf note 1: guaranteed by design. note 2: all devices are production tested at t a = +25?. all temperature limits are guaranteed by design. note 3: output settles within 1% of final value. MAX4036?ax4039 low i bias , +1.4v/800na, rail-to-rail op amps with +1.2v buffered reference 4 _______________________________________________________________________________________ MAX4036?ax4039 low i bias , +1.4v/800na, rail-to-rail op amps with +1.2v buffered reference _______________________________________________________________________________________ 5 MAX4036 supply current vs. supply voltage and temperature MAX4036 toc01 supply voltage (v) supply current ( a) 3.0 2.6 2.2 1.8 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 0 1.4 3.4 t a = +85 c t a = -40 c t a = +25 c max4037 supply current vs. supply voltage and temperature MAX4036 toc02 supply voltage (v) supply current ( a) 3.3 3.0 2.7 2.4 2.1 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 0 1.8 3.6 t a = +85 c t a = -40 c t a = +25 c max4038 supply current vs. supply voltage and temperature MAX4036 toc03 supply voltage (v) supply current ( a) 3.0 2.6 2.2 1.8 0.5 1.5 1.0 2.0 2.5 3.0 0 1.4 3.4 t a = +85 c t a = -40 c t a = +25 c max4039 supply current vs. supply voltage and temperature MAX4036 toc04 supply voltage (v) supply current ( a) 3.3 3.0 2.7 2.4 2.1 1 2 4 3 5 0 1.8 3.6 t a = +85 c t a = -40 c t a = +25 c offset voltage vs. common-mode voltage MAX4036 toc05 common-mode voltage (v) offset voltage (mv) 2 1 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 0 03 v dd = 1.4v v dd = 1.8v v dd = 3.0v offset voltage vs. temperature MAX4036 toc06 temperature ( c) offset voltage (mv) 60 35 10 -15 -0.20 -0.10 0 0.10 0.20 0.30 -0.30 -40 85 input bias current vs. temperature MAX4036 toc07 temperature ( c) input bias current (pa) 60 35 10 -15 0 10 20 30 40 -10 -40 85 v cm = 3v v cm = 0v input bias current vs. common-mode voltage MAX4036 toc08 common-mode voltage (v) input bias current (pa) 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 10 20 30 40 0 03.0 t a = +25 c t a = +85 c -10 -100 10 10k 1k 100 op amp power-supply rejection ratio vs. frequency -70 -90 -30 -50 0 -60 -80 -20 -40 MAX4036 toc09 frequency (hz) psrr (db) a v = 1v/v t ypical operating characteristics (v dd = 3v, v ss = v cm = 0v, r l to v dd /2, t a = +25?, unless otherwise noted.) MAX4036?ax4039 low i bias , +1.4v/800na, rail-to-rail op amps with +1.2v buffered reference 6 _______________________________________________________________________________________ output voltage swing high vs. temperature MAX4036 toc10 temperature ( c) v dd - v oh (mv) 60 35 10 -15 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 -40 85 r l = 5k ? r l = 100k ? output voltage swing low vs. temperature MAX4036 toc11 temperature ( c) v ol - v ss (mv) 60 35 10 -15 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 0 -40 85 r l = 100k ? r l = 5k ? a v vs. output swing low MAX4036 toc12 v ol (mv) a v (db) 400 300 100 200 60 80 100 120 140 40 0 500 r l = 5k ? r l = 100k ? a v vs. output swing high MAX4036 toc13 v dd - v oh (mv) a v (db) 400 300 100 200 60 80 100 120 140 40 0 500 r l = 5k ? r l = 100k ? a v vs. temperature MAX4036 toc14 temperature ( c) a vol (db) 60 35 10 -15 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 0 -40 85 r l = 100k ? r l = 5k ? 0 -100 00.1 10k 100k crosstalk vs. frequency -60 -80 -40 -20 MAX4036 toc15 frequency (hz) crosstalk (db) 1k r l = 5k ? r l = 100k ? a v = 1v/v max4038/max4039 100 0.01 0.01 0.1 10 100 total harmonic distortion plus noise vs. frequency 0.1 1 10 MAX4036 toc16 frequency (khz) thd+n (%) 1 a v = 1v/v v in_ = v dd /2 v out = 2.5v p-p r l = 100k ? to v ss v out = 2.5v p-p r l = 5k ? to v ss 100,000 100 10k 100k 1m op amp stability vs. capacitive and resistive loads MAX4036 toc17 resistive load ( ? ) capacitive load (pf) 1000 10,000 stable region r l to v ss unstable region op amp sink current vs. output voltage MAX4036 toc18 v out_ (v) sink current (ma) 2.4 1.8 1.2 0.6 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 0 03.0 v dd = 3.0v v dd = 1.8v v id = -100mv t ypical operating characteristics (continued) (v dd = 3v, v ss = v cm = 0v, r l to v dd /2, t a = +25?, unless otherwise noted.) MAX4036?ax4039 low i bias , +1.4v/800na, rail-to-rail op amps with +1.2v buffered reference ________________________________________________________________________________________ 7 op amp source current vs. output voltage MAX4036 toc19 v out_ (v) source current (ma) 2.4 1.8 1.2 0.6 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 0 03.0 v dd = 3.0v v dd = 1.8v v id = +100mv 1000 0.1 10 1k 10k op amp voltage noise density vs. frequency 1 10 100 MAX4036 toc20 frequency (hz) noise ( v/ hz) 100 op amp small-signal transient response MAX4036 toc21 2.55v 2.45v 2.55v 2.45v v in + v out_ a v = 1v/v c l = 12pf to v ss r l = 1m ? to v ss op amp small-signal transient response MAX4036 toc22 40 s/div a v = 1v/v c l = 250pf to v ss r l = 1m ? to v ss v in + v out_ 2.55v 2.45v 2.55v 2.45v op amp large-signal transient response MAX4036 toc23 100 s/div a v = 1v/v c l = 12pf to v ss r l = 1m ? to v ss v in + v out_ 500mv/div 2.5v 1.5v op amp turn-on transient response MAX4036 toc24 100 s/div 3.0v 0v v out_ 50mv/div a v = 1v/v c l = 12pf to gnd r l = 1m ? to gnd v in + = v dd / 2 v dd t ypical operating characteristics (continued) (v dd = 3v, v ss = v cm = 0v, r l to v dd /2, t a = +25?, unless otherwise noted.) MAX4036?ax4039 low i bias , +1.4v/800na, rail-to-rail op amps with +1.2v buffered reference 8 _______________________________________________________________________________________ 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 110 100 1k 10k 100k gain and phase vs. frequency MAX4036 toc25 frequency (hz) gain (db) 180 135 90 45 0 -45 -90 -135 phase (degrees) a v = 1000v/v v in_ = 1mv p-p gain phase 2 -30 100 10k 100k large-signal gain vs. frequency -22 -26 -18 -14 -10 -6 -2 MAX4036 toc26 frequency (hz) gain (db) 1k r l = 1m ? a v = 1 v out_ = 1v p-p c l = 12pf r l = 100k ? r l = 5k ? reference voltage vs. temperature MAX4036 toc27 temperature ( c) v ref (v) 60 35 10 -15 1.228 1.230 1.232 1.234 1.236 1.226 -40 85 max4037/max4039 reference voltage change vs. time MAX4036 toc28 time (hr) v ref (v) 500 400 300 200 100 1.231 1.232 1.233 1.234 1.230 0600 max4037 max4039 reference voltage change vs. load current MAX4036 toc29 load current ( a) normalized v ref 400 300 200 100 0 0.99 1.00 1.01 1.02 0.98 -100 500 t a = +85 c t a = +25 c t a = -40 c reference voltage change vs. supply voltage MAX4036 toc30 v dd (v) normalized v ref 3.3 3.0 2.1 2.4 2.7 0.9996 0.9997 0.9998 0.9999 1.0000 1.0001 1.0002 1.0003 0.9995 1.8 3.6 t a = +85 c t a = +25 c t a = -40 c t ypical operating characteristics (continued) (v dd = 3v, v ss = v cm = 0v, r l to v dd /2, t a = +25?, unless otherwise noted.) reference line-transient response MAX4036 toc31 1ms/div v dd v ref ac-coupled 50mv/div 0v 1.8v 3.6v MAX4036?ax4039 low i bias , +1.4v/800na, rail-to-rail op amps with +1.2v buffered reference _______________________________________________________________________________________ 9 reference load-transient response (sinking current) MAX4036 toc32 2.5ms/div 0 v ref 500mv/div 0 2 a i ref MAX4036 toc33 2.5ms/div 0 0 20 a i ref v ref 500mv/div reference load-transient response (sinking current) reference load-transient response (sourcing current) MAX4036 toc34 1ms/div 0 0 i ref 10 a v ref 500mv/div MAX4036 toc35 1ms/div 0 0 i ref 100 a v ref 500mv/div reference load-transient response (sourcing current) reference turn-on transient response MAX4036 toc36 1ms/div v dd 0v 3v 0v v ref 0.1hz to 10hz reference noise MAX4036 toc37 1s/div 20 v/div t ypical operating characteristics (continued) (v dd = 3v, v ss = v cm = 0v, r l to v dd /2, t a = +25?, unless otherwise noted.) MAX4036?ax4039 low i bias , +1.4v/800na, rail-to-rail op amps with +1.2v buffered reference 10 ______________________________________________________________________________________ detailed description the MAX4036?ax4039 consume an ultra-low supply current and have rail-to-rail output stages specifically designed for low-voltage operation. the input common- mode voltage range extends from v dd - 0.4v to v ss , although full rail-to-rail input range is possible with degraded performance when operating from a supply voltage above 3.0v. the input offset voltage is typically 200?. low-operating supply voltage, low supply current, and rail-to-rail outputs make the MAX4036?ax4039 an excellent choice for precision or general-purpose low- voltage, battery-powered systems. rail-to-rail outputs the MAX4036?ax4039 output stages can drive a 5k ? load and still swing to within 40mv of the rails. figure 1 shows the output voltage swing of the MAX4036 |