View DMA2275_1946746.PDF datasheet online --- IC-ON-LINE

Datasheet File OCR Text:

dma 2275, dma 2286 c/d/d2-mac descrambler edition may 20, 1992 6251-330-1e micronas intermetall micronas
dma 2275, dma 2286 2 contents page section title 4 1. introduction 4 1.1. general information 4 1.2. environment 5 2. chip architecture 6 3. video processor 6 3.1. code converter 6 3.2. video descrambler 6 3.3. interpolation filter 6 3.4. clamping and video gate 7 4. prbs generator 7 4.1. video prbs generator 7 4.2. packet prbs generator 7 4.3. vbi descrambler 8 5. line 625 processor 8 5.1. majority decision 8 5.2. bch check 8 5.3. frame counter flywheel 8 5.4. rtci detector 9 6. sound processor 9 6.1. the s bus interface and the s bus 10 7. packet processor 10 7.1. packet acquisition 11 7.2. packet descrambler 12 8. interface processor 12 8.1. fast processor 13 8.2. im bus interface 13 8.2.1. im bus addresses and instructions 18 8.3. dram interface 19 8.4. dram memory map 19 8.4.1. mode register 20 8.4.2. pac1 register 21 8.4.3. pac2 register 23 8.4.4. coeff register 24 8.4.5. cw register 25 8.4.6. error buffer 26 8.4.7. packet buffer 28 8.4.8. line 625 buffer 29 8.4.9. scratch buffer 29 8.5. fp memory map
dma 2275, dma 2286 3 contents, continued page section title 31 9. specifications 31 9.1. outline dimensions 31 9.2. pin connections 34 9.3. pin configuration 34 9.4. pin descriptions 35 9.5. pin circuits 36 9.6. electrical characteristics 36 9.6.1. absolute maximum ratings 37 9.6.2. recommended operating conditions 39 9.6.3. characteristics 40 9.6.4. sound dram interface characteristics 42 9.6.5. acquisition dram interface characteristics 44 9.6.6. waveforms 46 10. references
dma 2275, dma 2286 4 the dma 2275 and dma 2286 c/d/d2mac de- scrambler 1. introduction 1.1. general information the dma 2275 is a digital realtime descrambling pro- cessor for the d2mac/packet system. together with the d2mac/packet decoder chip dma 2271, it can be used to build up a d2mac/packet conditional access receiver. the dma 2286 is a digital realtime descrambling pro- cessor for the c/d/d2mac/packet system. together with the c/d/d2mac/packet decoder chip dma 2281, it can be used to build up a c/d/d2mac/packet condi- tional access receiver. the programmable vlsi circuits in cmos technology are housed in 68pin packages and contain on a single silicon chip the following functions: dma 2275 and dma 2286 descrambling of mac video signal interpolation of mac video signal (aspect ratio 16:9) descrambling of mac data packets descrambling of vbiteletext entitlement packet acquisition supplementary general purpose packet acquisition line 625 acquisition communication with external microprocessor via the im bus dma 2286 only one subframe sound processing c/d/d2mac 1.2. environment figures 11 and 12 show how the descrambler chips dma 2275 and dma 2286 can be implemented into a mac conditional access receiver together with other cir- cuits of itt's digit 2000 digital tv system. these re- ceivers provide descrambling facility for one video ser- vice and up to four audio or data services including vbiteletext. it is important to notice that the dma 2275 or dma 2286 do not include any decryption or security functions. these functions will be carried out by one or more conditional access subsystems (cass) which communicate with the descrambler chip via the central control unit (ccu) and the im bus. d2mac baseband signal cass vcu 2133 a/d part mcu 2600 nvm 3060 dram dma 2271 vcu 2133 d/a part amu 2481 r g b s1 s2 s3 s4 fig. 11: block diagram for a standalone d2mac decoder tpu 2735 dram dma 2275 dram ccu 3000 cass vcu 2133 a/d part mcu 2600 nvm 3060 dram dma 2281 vcu 2133 d/a part amu 2481 r g b s1 s2 s3 s4 tpu 2740 dram dma 2286 dram ccu 3000 d/d2mac baseband signal dram fig. 12: block diagram for a standalone d/d2 mac decoder
dma 2275, dma 2286 5 2. chip architecture figure 21 shows the architecture of the descrambling chip dma 2286. the dma 2275 architecture is identical to the that of the dma 2286, except that the sound pro- cessor is missing. the chips can be subdivided into sev- eral functional blocks. dma 2275 and dma 2286: video processor descrambling, panning and interpolation of the video signal prbs generator delivers cut points and cipher streams line 625 processor acquisition of service identification data and real time control information packet processor acquisition of entitlement packets, acquisition of gen- eral purpose packets, selection of cipher stream, des- crambling of data packets interface processor management of internal and external data transfer timing generator delivers internal chip timing dma 2286 only: sound processor spectrum descrambling of data burst, packet deinter- leaving (one subframe only), sound packet processing (one subframe only) line 625 proc. 3 vdd vdd gnd gnd fig. 21: block diagram of the dma 2286 prbs generator video processor interface processor timing generator sound proc. packet processor code converter video descrambler interpolation filter clamping + video gate video prbs generator packet prbs generator fast processor im bus interface dram interface timing generator packet acquisition line 625 acquisition packet descrambler spectr. descr. deinterleaver sound processing baseband addr. ras cas r/w data im bus busy reset f m burst sync dram s bus audio clock 88 8 8 burst data 12 2 packet data descrambl. packet data corrected packet data vbi data baseband 8 8 8
dma 2275, dma 2286 6 3. video processor the video processor consists of: code converter video descrambler interpolation filter clamping and video gate 3.1. code converter input for the video processor is the digitized baseband signal which may be delivered by the vcu 2133 in paral- lel gray code or by the uvc 3130 in simple binary code. therefore, a code converter from gray to binary code is intended. this converter can be disabled under software control (bit 6 of video mode register) and can be switched from 7 to 8 bit input (test bit tt6). 3.2. video descrambler to make the transmitted video signal unintelligible, the luma and/or chroma component are cut into two seg- ments in the mac encoder. these two segments are then transposed. task of the video descrambler is to re- transpose the segments into their original waveform. three different video waveforms are possible: clear doublecut component rotation singlecut line rotation the video descrambler has to cope with all these video waveforms. in any case the output signal has a constant delay of 1296 + 4 clock periods in order to avoid synchro- nization problems during change of the video scram- bling mode. for any video configurations not corre- sponding to fig. 3, part 2, p. 75 of ref. 1, the video descrambler should be disabled by the software. the signal is then passed through the descrambler unaf- fected except for the delay of one line. the baseband data burst signal passes the video des- crambler through a special shift register, luma and chro- ma rotation is done in within two video rams. the video rams are subdivided into chroma and luma segments which are organized as ringbuffer. the concerning ad- dress counter is loaded every line with a start value de- pending on the cut point (cpl or cpc) in case of scram- bling, on the pan vector (panv) in case of 16:9 aspect ratio and in any case on an offset value which is pro- grammable (fp register 33 and 34). the calculation of the start address is done by the fast processor in real time. the expansion of the compatible 4:3 part in case of 16:9 aspect ratio is done by reading every third sam- ple twice. 3.3. interpolation filter if the compatible 4:3 part of a 16:9 picture is to be pro- cessed (see fig. 7, part 2, p. 79 of ref. 1), only this part of the luma and chroma component is read out of the vid- eo memory (262 chroma samples, 523 luma samples). an interpolation filter is then used to regain the number of samples expected by the dma 2271 or dma 2281 (349 chroma samples, 697 luma samples). the sam- pling rate ratio is 4:3. the filter function is defined by a set of 16 coefficients, which are programmable. down- load of these coefficients into the interpolation filter is a one shot function triggered by software (bit 4 of vid- eo_mode register). the interpolation is not influenced by the video scram- bling method, because the output signal of the video memory appears unscrambled. the position of the com- patible 4:3 part is programmable so that user panning is possible. the panning can also be controlled by the broadcaster when sending real time pan vectors in line 625. the selection of these two panning modes is done by bit 7 of the scram_mode registers. the high frequency losses in the interpolation filter can be partly compensated with a peaking filter. low peaking increases the signal level about 6 db at 5 mhz, high peaking increases the signal level about 10 db at 5 mhz. peaking is controlled with bit 0 and 1 in the video_mode register. alternatively the interpolation and peaking filter can be used for baseband filtering. it is then enabled not only during active video, but also during the data burst and vbi transmission. the filter coefficients have to be changed for this application. 3.4. clamping and video gate the dc level of the analog baseband signal is controlled by the clamping circuit of the dma 2271 or dma 2281 decoder chip which measures the clamping period of each line. the line store in the video descrambler of the dma 2275 or dma 2286 would cause a line delay within the clamping control loop with all corresponding prob- lems. therefore, the line store of the descrambler chip is by- passed during the clamping period to avoid the line delay. the position of the clamping bypass within the line can be programmed in steps of 99 clock cycles (bit 30 in mac_mode register). clamp position `0' would be lo- cated after the first subframe of a dmac signal. clamp position `1' is the default specified in ref 1. the clamp by- pass is automatically disabled in line 625 and line 1. finally, a video gate is provided to switch the luminance component to black and the chrominance component to zero in case of denied access to the video service. this gate can be used in country by country control (cbcc) applications to black out special programs under soft- ware control (bit 5 of video_mode register).
dma 2275, dma 2286 7 4. prbs generator the prbs generator delivers pseudo random binary se- quences to descramble the video signal, packet data, and vbi data. it consists of: video prbs generator packet prbs generator 4.1. video prbs generator the video prbs generator delivers the cut points for the luma and chroma component as two bytes per line (cpl and cpc). these two bytes are calculated in the prbs 2 generator described in detail in fig. 4, part 6, p. 205 and fig. 3, appendix to part 6, p. 309 of ref. 1. the prbs 2 generator is clocked 16 times at the begin- ning of each line in a way that the cut points are available before start of the vision signal. the prbs 2 generator is loaded with a 60 bit video initialization word (viw) at the beginning of each frame. the video initialization word is a combination of the 8 bit frame counter (fcnt) and a 60 bit video control word (vcw) which is either one of the local control words (lcw_even and lcw_odd) or one of the video control words received from the cass (vcw_even and vcw_odd). the selection of even or odd control words is done with the lsb of the conditional access frame counter (cafcnt). cafcnt and fcnt are delivered by the line 625 processor. all control words (including the local control words) are read out of the control word registers of the external acquisition dram. these registers must be defined by ccu software, which gets control words from the cass and initializes the local control words with all bits set to `1'. 4.2. packet prbs generator the packet prbs generator delivers the descrambling sequence for four different data channels which may carry sound or teletext or any other data service. the se- quence is used to descramble the 720 useful data bits (after packet header and ptbyte) of packets carrying a scrambled service component. the packet prbs generator consists of four prbs 1 generators and four prbs 3 generators described in de- tail in fig. 3, part 6, p. 203, fig. 5, part 6, p. 207, fig. 2, appendix to part 6, p. 308 and fig. 4, appendix to part 6, p. 310 of ref. 1. the four data initialization words (diw) for the prbs 1 generators are derived in the same way as in the video prbs generator and are loaded at the beginning of each frame. each prbs 1 generator is then clocked 61 times before receiving the next data packet and the serial out- put, called packet initialization word (piw), is loaded into the prbs 3 generator. the actual descrambling sequence is generated in one of the prbs 3 generators which is selected by the pack- et recognition each time a scrambled packet arrives. channel 1 of the packet recognition selects the prbs 3 generator which is loaded from the prbs 1 generator initialized with dcw1 and so on. 4.3. vbi descrambler although there is no specification of vbi descrambling in ref. 1, the dma 2275 or dma 2286 provide means of descrambling vbi data in a simple manner. the prbs 1 generator for channel 4 can be used to des- cramble 24 psk demodulated or duobinary decoded data in the vbi (e.g. vbiteletext). in this case the prbs 1 generator will be clocked with 10.125 mhz (d2mac) or 20.25 mhz (c/dmac) and its serial output is directly used to descramble the vbi data burst. the vbi_prbs starts with bit 117 and stops after bit 648 (d2mac) or bit 1296 (dmac) of each data burst of the vbi. the vbi is defined from line 1 to 22 and line 311 to 334 inclusive. due to the fast processor software (see fig. 81), the prbs 1 generator can only be loaded in line 7. this means that the vbi descrambler operates from line 1 to line 6 with the data initialization word (diw) of the pre- vious frame. during line 7 the vbi data output (pin 20) is unpredictable. the delay between data burst input (pin 19) and des- crambled vbi data output (pin 20) is 4 clock periods.
dma 2275, dma 2286 8 5. line 625 processor the line 625 processor is loaded via the data burst input. line 625 is identified by checking the sync pulse of the data burst input. the normal sync pulse covers only 6 bits of the line synchronization word (lsw), the sync pulse of line 625 covers 102 bits of the frame synchroni- zation data (fsd) and is directly followed by: 5 bit 71 bit 470 bit udt sdf rdf unified data time static data frame repeated data frame 546 bit line 625 data in case of cmac or dmac the 546 bits of udt, sdf and rdf are interleaved with prbs data. the prbs data are discarded by using a clock divider so that the clock frequency for the line 625 processor is unique for c, d and d2mac (10.125 mhz). udt, sdf and the error corrected tdmctl data are stored into the exter- nal acquisition dram (see figure aline 625 buffero) and are updated every frame. the line 625 processor consists of: majority decision bch check frame counter flywheel rtci detector 5.1. majority decision the rdf consists of five successive identical 94 bit data blocks transmitting time division multiplex control (tdmctl) information. the fivefold repetition is used by a 3 of 5 majority decision including the bch suffix. 5.2. bch check sdf and tdmctl are each protected by a 14 bit bch suffix. the bch check is only used for error detection. bch check for the tdmctl is done after majority deci- sion. the complete sdf (71 bit) or tdmctl (94 bit) in- formation is stored into dram together with two error flags sdf_error and tdm_error indicating the result of the bch check. 5.3. frame counter flywheel the 8 bit frame counter (fcnt) is used in conjunction with the prbs generators of the descrambling system. the correct acquisition of fcnt is essential to maintain a scrambled service. therefore, a flywheel technique is used in a way that a free running frame counter is syn- chronized from time to time with the received fcnt in line 625. in this case even the loss of several line 625 data will not disturb the service acquisition. the cafcnt lsb is used to select even and odd control words and allows frame accurate switching from one phase to the other. therefore, a similar flywheel tech- nique is used to protect this lsb. in fact, the internal cafcnt lsb is the 9th bit of the free running frame counter and is synchronized by the actually transmitted cafcnt lsb after a majority decision over several frames. 5.4. rtci detector a special tdmcid code in the tdmctl indicates the presence of real time control information (rtci) trans- mitted instead of tdms and links. tdmcid = `81' (hex) is defined to signal the transmission of real time panning information. the pan vector panv is needed for panning the 4:3 por- tion of a 16:9 picture. in this case the 63 bits of tdms and links are substituted with 56 bits of panv. panv is organized in seven bytes giving the pan vector for seven consecutive frames starting from the second frame after transmission. each byte of panv defines in 2's complement format the offset of the 4:3 portion from the center position (see fig. 7, part 2, p. 79 of ref. 1). after detection of tdmcid = `81' (hex) the following seven bytes are stored in a fifo which is read out once a frame with one frame delay. if the fifo is empty the last byte will be repeated until a new pan vector is re- ceived. the tdmctl transmitting the pan vector will be stored into the line 625 buffer like any other tdmctl in- formation. if user panning is selected by software, the pan vector inside tdmcid will be ignored and a user defined pan vector will be used instead, allowing the user to pan the picture himself. in any case the recently transmitted pan vector in line 625 is stored in the pan output register to allow the software to make a smooth return between dif- ferent pan positions.
dma 2275, dma 2286 9 6. sound processor the dma 2286 contains an additional sound processor, which is loaded via the data burst input. the sound pro- cessor consists of: spectrum descrambler deinterleaver sound processing s bus interface these blocks are identical to the sound processing blocks of the dma 2281 (see ref. 2). both sound proces- sors are able to decode 4 sound channels out of one single subframe. the subframe position is program- mable to allow full channel data reception. on the dma 2286 the output of the deinterleaver is inter- nally fed to the packet descrambler and the des- crambled packets are going back to the sound proces- sor. the sound processor needs a separate external 64 k x 1 bit dram, which is independent from the acqui- sition dram and is not accessible by software. 6.1. the s bus interface and the s bus the s bus has been designed to connect the digital sound output of the dma 2271 or dma 2281 mac de- coder or the msp 2400 nicam demodulator/decoder to audioprocessing ics such as the amu 2481 audio mix- er or the acp 2371 audio processor etc., and to connect these ics one to the other. the s bus is a unidirectional, digital bus which transmits the sound information in one direction only, so that it is not necessary to solve priority problems on the bus. the s bus consists of the three lines: sclock, sident, and sdata. the dma 2271, dma 2281 or the msp 2400 generates the signals sclock and sident, which control the data transfer to and between the various pro- cessors which follow the dma 2271, dma 2281 or the msp 2400. for this, the sclock and sident inputs of all processors in the system are connected to the s clock and sident outputs of the dma 2271, dma 2281 or the msp 2400. sdata output of the dma 2271, dma 2281 or msp 2400 is connected to the sdata input of the next following amu, the amu's sdata output is connected to the acp's sdata input and so on. the sound information is transmitted in frames of 64 bits, divided into four successive 16bit samples. each sam- ple represents one sound channel. the timing of a com- plete transmission of four samples is shown in fig. 913, the times are specified under arecommended operat- ing conditionso. the transmission starts with the lsb of the first sample. the sclock signal is used to write the data into the receiver's input register. the sident signal marks the end of one frame of 64 bits and is used as latch pulse for the input register. the repetition rate of sident pulses is identical to the sampling rate of the d/d2mac or nicam sound signal; thus it is possible to transfer four sound channels simultaneously. the s bus interface of the dma 2286 mainly consists of an output register, 64bit wide. the timing to write bit by bit is supplied by the audioclock signal. in the case of an sident pulse, the contents of the output register are written to the sdata output. the s_bus_data line of the dma 2286 can be con- nected to that of the dma 2281 if only one audio proces- sor amu 2481 is available. in this case each s_bus channel of both dma chips can be enabled or disabled under software control.
dma 2275, dma 2286 10 7. packet processor the packet processor is loaded via the scrambled pack- et data input with packets of one subframe delivered by the dma 2271 or dma 2281 and additionally has an in- ternal connection to the deinterleaver of the dma 2286 for packets of the other subframe. packet data on these lines are already spectrum descrambled and deinter- leaved. the packet header and the pt byte have already been corrected. the transmission of each packet starts with a `0' bit followed by 751 bit packet data with a unique bit rate of 10.125 mhz (for c, d and d2mac). to avoid simultaneous reception of two packets from dif- ferent subframes, the packet output of the dma 2286 has to be delayed in reference to the packet output of the dma 2281. this can be done with the cd bit in im_bus register 197. the packet processor consists of: packet acquisition packet descrambler 7.1. packet acquisition task of the packet acquisition is to select specific pack- ets out of the packet multiplex. in case of c or dmac packets can be located in one or two subframes, there- fore, the packet selection will be repeated in the second subframe if necessary. the selected packets can be er- ror corrected if needed and are stored into packet buff- ers which are located in the acquisition dram. due to timing conflicts with the line 625 acquisition, it is not possible to acquire packets in the last (82nd) packet slot of each subframe. additionally, all packets of both subframes are available on a separate output pin (corrected packet data output), only that the selected packets are replaced by their error corrected equivalents. the most common application of the packet acquisition will be the selection of the following packets: `0' packets emm packets ecm packets bi packets 2nd level teletext packets general purpose data packets the `0' packets are forming the service identification (si) channel. the first thing the receiver software has to do is to monitor the si channel and to configure the receiver according to the si information. `0' packets are either hamming protected (h[8,4]) or golay protected (golay [24,12]). the si channel is subdivided into 16 data groups which can be identified by the data group (tg) byte immediately following the pt byte of the packet header. the emm and ecm packets are essentially carrying en- cryption keys and control words. their packet addresses are indicated by the listx, acmm and accm parame- ters of the service identification channel. emm packets can be addressed to a single customer or a group of cus- tomers by means of an address extension field of up to 36 bit, immediately following the pt byte. emm and ecm packets are highly error protected (golay [24,12] or hamming [8,4]). bi packets are carrying additional interpretation data re- lated to sound packets with the same packet address. they are selected by their pt byte (`00' or `3f'). bi pack- ets are not error corrected. second level teletext packets can be selected to do golay [24,12] correction. they are available then on the corrected packet data output which can be connected to the teletext processor tpu 2740. every selected packet is crc checked regardless of packet type and error protection. the crc check is done over the full range of 720 bit and does not change any packet data. crc check, golay [24,12] and ham- ming [8,4] error correction is done in real time, i.e. with 10.125 mhz. in case of packets with golay [24,12] error protection, the protection bits will be removed before storing these packets into the packet buffer. the packet length is therefore reduced from 96 bytes (full length packet) to 48 bytes (half length packets), doubling the possible number of packets in the related packet buffer. the result of crc check and the number of uncorrect- able golay or hamming codes per packet is indicated in a special packet error buffer which holds up to 16 error bytes for every packet buffer. in case of full length pack- ets, only every second entry of the error buffer is used. every selected packet is stored into the external acquisi- tion dram of the descrambler chip. the dram includes 8 independent packet buffers, each offering the data ca- pacity to store 8 full length packets or 16 half length packets. the packet buffers can be read out by software at any time and in any sequence. there are two ways to use these packet buffers. one is the astandardo buffer application where the buffer is automatically closed when it is filled up with packets. the buffer must then be reopened by software to start packet acquisition again. the second way is the aringo buffer application where the packet buffer is always open and the oldest packets in the buffer are overwritten by the next incoming packets. each packet buffer can be monitored by reading its buff- er status. the buffer status is located in the fp memory and includes a buffer pointer (bit 40) which indicates the position where the next packet will be stored in num- bers of half length packets. in ring buffer application this pointer runs modulo 16 and in standard buffer applica- tion the pointer stops at 16.
dma 2275, dma 2286 11 the buffer application (standard/ring) can be defined with bit 5 in the buffer status register. bit 7 allows to close or reopen the buffer under software control. bit 6 defines the buffer increment. that means whether the buffer will store full length (96 byte) packets or half length (48 byte) packets. each of the 8 packet buffer is attached to a program- mable packet filter which selects specific packets out of the packet multiplex depending on packet address (pa), continuity index (ci), packet type (pt) and packet ad- dress extension (pae). the packet address extension can be used to select emm packets by their specific cus- tomer address (uca, sca, cca) or to select ecm pack- ets by command identification (ci or to select the data group type (tg) of `0' packets. this selection is done af- ter error correction. each of the 8 packet filter is controlled by a set of regis- ters located in the acquisition dram and programmable by software. the `packet address base' (pab) registers define the 10 bit packet address and the continuity in- dex. the `packet address extension' (pae) registers de- fine up to 36 bit of the address extension field. the `pack- et selection control' (psc) registers define how packets will be selected, error corrected and linked together. the software should take care of conflicts like program- ming different packet filters with the same conditions. there must be at least one difference in the combination of packet address, continuity index, packet type, and packet location. otherwise the result of the packet selec- tion will be undefined. if packet link is activated, the first packet meeting all pro- grammed conditions is defined as sync packet. selec- tion of continuation packets is done according to the packet link status. in case of ci link, the continuity index of following packets will be ignored. in case of pt link, the packet type selection is changed to pt2. a special bit in the buffer status indicates if this procedure has been activated by the first sync packet. the packets are then stored into the packet buffer in the same order as they are transmitted. the choice of packet link is independent from the choice of buffer application. depending on the page select bit in the psc register the packet address extension is checked in every packet or only in the sync packet. to select linked emm packets by customer address this bit should be `0', to select linked `0' packets by data group type this bit should be `1'. 7.2. packet descrambler main task of the packet descrambler is to detect those sound or data packets that have to be descrambled. four different packet addresses can be recognized. af- ter detection of such a packet the concerning prbs 3 generator is selected and produces an output sequence of 720 bit to descramble the packet data. the ptbyte of each selected packet is decoded to disable the prbs 3 generator output in case of bi packets (`00' or `3f'). the packet descrambler can be switched to aautomatico operation. in this mode the 4 center bits of the packet ad- dress are ignored by the packet address comparator. in case of c or dmac, packets carrying one digital component can be inserted in one or both subframes, therefore the packet recognition will be repeated in the second subframe if necessary. because the packet header is not scrambled, the packet recognition has about 20 clock cycles to compare the packet address before start of the descrambling se- quence. therefore there is only a 4 clock cycle delay be- tween packet input and output. additionally, a packet gate is provided to remove pack- ets form the packet output in case of denied access to that particular service. these packets are not physically removed only the 720 bits after the packet header are set to `1'. any other packet not selected by the packet recognition passes through the packet descrambler unaffected but with a delay of 4 clock periods. the packet recognition is controlled by a set of registers located in the acquisition dram and programmable by software. the `scrambled packet address' (spa) regis- ters define the 10 bit packet address and the `scrambled packet status' (sps) registers define packet location and status. the software should take care of conflicts like program- ming different spa and sps registers in the combination of packet address and packet location. otherwise, the result of the packet recognition will be undefined.
dma 2275, dma 2286 12 8. interface processor the interface processor consists of: fast processor im bus interface dram interface 8.1. fast processor the fast processor (fp) is a risctype 12 bit microcon- troller built in cmos technology. the maximum clock frequency of 40 mhz and the internal architecture that allows parallel alu operation and data transfer to or from internal ram, make it applicable for very high speed tasks, such as control and parameter calculation in digital signal processors. the fp is embedded in the dma 2275 or dma 2286 with 256 x 12 bit ram and 2k x 20 bit rom and runs with 20.25 mhz. the fp performs the following tasks: data transfer to and from dram interface data transfer to and from im bus interfaces support of packet acquisition support of line 625 acquisition initialization of prbs generators control of video descrambler control of interpolation filter fig. 81 shows roughly when the different fp tasks are executed within a frame period. in normal operation the fp will not be directly accessed from outside, that means that the ccu software will not see another processor on the descrambling chip but only a set of registers and buffers which are located ei- ther in the acquisition dram or in the fp internal memory. the ccu can access both memories via im bus. changing any register in the dram memory by ccu software will not effect the descrambler hardware im- mediately. the fp will read or update the dram memory only on frame boundaries, i.e. from line 622 to line 7 inclusive. changing registers in the fp memory by ccu software will effect the descrambler hardware im- mediately. line_sync prbs2 manager line_625_store line_sync prbs2 manager vcw_update pab_update line_sync prbs2 manager dcw1_update dcw2_update line_sync prbs2 manager dcw3_update dcw4_update line_sync prbs2 manager cw_conversion line_sync prbs2 manager psc_update line_sync prbs2 manager prbs_init prbs2_init enable_imbus enable_packet_sync line_sync prbs2 packet acquisition imbus packet_sync packet_read pae_comparator buffer_manager packet_link packet_store packet_error line_sync prbs2 manager pae_low_update disable_imbus disable_packet_sync line_sync prbs2 manager pae_high_update line_sync prbs2 manager mode_update coeff_update line_ sync line_625_sync fig. 81: task manager line 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 622 623 624 625
dma 2275, dma 2286 13 8.2. im bus interface the intermetall bus (im bus for short) was de- signed to control the digit 2000 ics by the ccu central control unit. via this bus the ccu can write data to the ics or read data from them. this means the ccu acts as a master, whereas all controlled ics have purely slave status. the im bus consists of three lines for the signals ident (id), clock (cl) and data (d). the clock frequency range is 50 hz to 1 mhz. ident and clock are unidirec- tional from the ccu to the slave ics, data is bidirection- al. bidirectionality is achieved by using opendrain out- puts. the 2.5 ... 1 kohm pullup resistor common to all outputs must be connected externally. the timing of a complete im bus transaction is shown in fig. 912. in the nonoperative state the signals of all three bus lines are high. to start a transaction the ccu sets the id signal to low level, indicating an address transmission, and sets the cl signal to low level, as well as to switch the first bit on the data line. then eight ad- dress bits are transmitted, beginning with the lsb. data takeover in the slave ics occurs at the positive edge of the clock signal. at the end of the address byte the id sig- nal switches to high, initiating the address comparison in the slave circuits. in the addressed slave, the im bus interface switches over to data read or write, because these functions are correlated to the address. also con- trolled by the address the ccu now transmits eight or sixteen clock pulses, and accordingly one or two bytes of data are written into the addressed ic or read out from it, beginning with the lsb. the completion of the bus transaction is signalled by a short low state pulse of the id signal. this initiates the storing of the transferred data. for future software compatibility, the ccu must write a zero into all bits not used at present. reading undefined or unused bits, the ccu must adopt adon'to care behav- ior. 8.2.1. im bus addresses and instructions on the dma 2275 or dma 2286 the im bus registers 510 are used to transfer data to and from the acquisi- tion dram. this is done by subaddressing. each data transfer is preceded by the transfer of the extension ad- dress highbyte and the read or write address lowbyte. the subsequent data is written to or read from the dram according to the preceding address command. the dram address is then incremented internally to prepare for the next data transfer (auto address incre- ment). the status register is used to synchronize the data transfer between ccu and the descrambler in terms of handshaking. for this purpose the ccu has to read the busy bit and has to wait until this bit is cleared. reading the busy bit can be done with a normal im bus read access which takes 16 im bus clock cycles or by checking the im bus busy signal at pin 47 which delivers the busy bit as a physical signal. the same im bus registers can be used to transfer data to and from the fp internal memory. loading the write address register (6) with an 8 bit fp address and setting bit 10 at the same time writes the 12 bit content of the ex- tension address register (5) into the fp ram. loading the read address register (7) with an 8 bit fp address and setting bit 10 at the same time starts transfer of 12 bit fp data into the data (8) and status (9) register. the 8 lsbs are copied into the data register in normal order and the 4 msbs are copied into the extension data of the status register but in reversed order. the dma 2286 carries a second set of im bus registers, which are used to control the sound processing. these im bus registers are a copy of the registers of the dma 2281 with identical functions and addresses (194198, 203206 and 208210). the ccu selects the im bus registers of the descrambler chip by writing `1' into the chip select register 198. this disables all parallel im bus registers of the decoder chip except the chip select reg- ister. writing `0' into the chip select register disables all im bus registers of the descrambler chip, except the subaddressing registers 510 and the chip select regis- ter 198.
dma 2275, dma 2286 14 table 81: data transfer between ccu and dma 2275/2286 addr. no. bit no. direct. msb 151413121110987654321 0 lsb 5 6 7 8 9 10 203 194 195 196 197 198 204 205 206 208 209 210 w w w r/w r w w w w w w w w w r r r r 0000 0 exa extension address 0000 0 wra write address 0000 0 rda read address this is an 8 bit register this is an 8 bit register 0 dat data 0000 0 exd extension data bus busy rrq read request wrq write request 0 tt15 0 tt14 0 tt13 0 tt12 0 tt11 0 tt10 0 tt9 0 tt8 0 tt7 0 tt6 0 tt5 0 tt4 0 tt3 0 tt2 0 tt1 0 tt0 s c1m channel mode hq h l 0 c1u mode update 0 c1e channel enable 0 c1a channel packet address s c2m channel mode hq h l 0 c2u mode update 0 c2e channel enable 0 c2a channel packet address s c3m channel mode hq h l 0 c3u mode update 1 c3e channel enable 82 c3a channel packet address s c4m channel mode hq h l 0 c4u mode update 0 c4e channel enable 0 c4a channel packet address 106 sfs subframe select 1 drs data rate select 0 aum auto mode 1 cd chip defin. 00 00000000000000 0 cs chip select 0 dsb disable s bus 0 p0c p0 clear 0 p0r p0 reset 0 dgt data group type 12 sbe s bus enable 0 tt15 0 tt14 0 tt13 0 tt12 0 tt11 0 tt10 0 tt9 0 tt8 0 tt7 0 tt6 0 tt5 0 tt4 0 tt3 0 tt2 0 tt1 0 tt0 0 c3s status 0 c4s 0 p0s 0 c2s 0 c1s 000 ber bit error rate s c4l coding law ch4 hq h l s c3l coding law ch3 hq h l s c2l coding law ch2 hq h l s c1l coding law ch1 hq h l psh packet 0 syndrom high byte psl packet 0 syndrom low byte pdh packet 0 data high byte pdl packet 0 data low byte bit must be set to zero for write registers (w) and are don't care for read registers (r)
dma 2275, dma 2286 15 table 82: im bus register of dma 2275/2286 address label bit no. function 5 exa 011 extension address 6 wra 011 write address bit 10: test option 2 1 = write (exa) into fp_ram, address = (wra) 7 rda 011 read address bit 10: test option 2 1 = read fp_ram into dat and exa, address = (rda) bit 11: test option 1 1 = causes fp_jump to (exa) 8 dat 07 data (from dram or fp_ram) 9 wrq rrq bus exd 0 1 2 36 write request read request imbus busy 1 = imbus interface busy extension data 4 msb of fp_data, but in reverse order 10 tt0 tt1 tt2 tt3 tt4 tt5 tt6 tt7 tt8 tt9 tt10 tt11 tt12 tt13 tt14 tt15 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 for test only bypass line memory for test only for test only for test only for test only gray decoder input 0 = 7 bit 1 = 8 bit for test only for test only for test only for test only for test only for test only for test only for test only for test only
dma 2275, dma 2286 16 table 83: im bus register of the dma 2286 address label bit no. function 203 c1a c1e c1u c1m 09 10 11 1215 channel 1 packet address channel 1 packet selection enable channel 1 mode update channel 1 mode 194 see register 203 channel 2 195 see register 203 channel 3 196 see register 203 channel 4 197 sfs cd aum drs 010 13 14 15 subframe select sfs = sample number of the first bit in the selected subframe examples: drs = 1, first subframe sfs = 7 drs = 1, second subframe sfs = 106 drs = 0, first subframe sfs = 14 chip definition 0 = dma 2271/2281 undelayed packet output of sound proc. 1 = dma 2286 packet output delayed by 128 m s auto mode 0 = auto mode off 1 = sound coding in packet header data rate select 0 = 10.125 mb/s d2 mac 1 = 20.25 mb/s c/d mac 198 cs 14, 15 chip select 0 = imbus of dma 2271/2281 active 1 = imbus of dma 2286 active 204 sbe dgt p0r p0c dsb 03 47 8 9 10 s_bus enable, each bit enables one s_bus channel data group type selection packet 0 reset 1: select first byte in packet 0 buffer (first byte = data group type dgt) packet 0 clear 1: enable packet 0 buffer to store next packet 0 disable s_bus data output (pin 66) 0 = enabled 1 = high impedance linear/nicam hamming/parity protection high/medium quality stereo/mono channel 1 enable channel 2 enable channel 3 enable channel 4 enable
dma 2275, dma 2286 17 table 83, continued address label bit no. function 205 t0 t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6 t7 t8 t9 t10 t11 t12 t13 t14 t15 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 for test only for test only for test only for test only for test only for test only enable packet descrambler for test only disable error concealment for test only for test only for test only for test only for test only for test only for test only 206 ber c1s c2s c3s c4s p0s 07 10 11 12 13 14 bit error rate: number of erroneous bits of 82 packet headers within one frame, detected by the golay decoder status of sound signal selected by c1a 0: sound signal is inactive or interrupted 1: sound signal is present status of sound signal selected by c2a 0: sound signal is inactive or interrupted 1: sound signal is present status of sound signal selected by c3a 0: sound signal is inactive or interrupted 1: sound signal is present status of sound signal selected by c4a 0: sound signal is inactive or interrupted 1: sound signal is present status of packet 0 buffer 0: packet 0 selected by dgt not received 1: packet 0 received 208 c1l c2l c3l c4l 03 47 811 1215 coding law of sound signal selected by c1a coding law of sound signal selected by c2a coding law of sound signal selected by c3a coding law of sound signal selected by c4a l = 0: companded law 1: linear law h = 0: first level protection 1: second level protection hq = 0: medium quality sound 1: high quality sound s = 0: monophonic sound 1: stereophonic sound
dma 2275, dma 2286 18 table 83, continued address label bit no. function 209 psl psh 07 815 packet 0 syndrom low byte packet 0 syndrom high byte psl + psh = 0: packet 0 received without error psl + psh > 0: packet 0 received with error 210 pdl pdh 07 815 packet 0 data low byte packet 0 data high byte 8.3. dram interface the data transfer between descrambler chip and acqui- sition dram interface controlled by the fp. the external 64 k x 1 bit dram has to store the following data streams: line 625 28 byte/40ms 5600 bit/s packet bus 2 x 96 byte/448 m s 3430000 bit/s im bus 500000 bit/s the 1 bit dram interface offers a maximum data rate of 5.0625 mbit/s by using four 20.25 mhz cycles for one page mode read or write access. a 150 ns dram fulfills the access time requirements. fig. 914 shows the dram interface waveform. refresh of the dram is con- trolled by the fp, which starts a number of refresh cycles within every line. an 8 bit refresh is performed to allow the use of 256 kbit drams. the acquisition dram is used on one side to store re- ceived packet data and line 625 information needed by the ccu and the conditional access subsystem (cass) and on the other side to store control information needed by the descrambler chip (e.g. control words, filter coeffi- cients, packet addresses etc.). therefore, the descram- bler chip does not include special im bus registers ex- cept those for subaddressing and sound processing (on the dma 2286 only). the upper end of the dram address space can be used as a scratch buffer for the ccu software. this dram area is also refreshed and will never be used by the des- crambler chip.
dma 2275, dma 2286 19 8.4. dram memory map 8.4.1. mode register name address function mode_register 0000 6*8 bit access_mode 0000 8 bit bit 0: video cond. access (0 = free / 1 = conditional) bit 1: data1 cond. access (0 = free / 1 = conditional) bit 2: data2 cond. access (0 = free / 1 = conditional) bit 3: data3 cond. access (0 = free / 1 = conditional) bit 4: data4 cond. access (0 = free / 1 = conditional) bit 5: not used bit 6: not used bit 7: not used video_mode 0008 8 bit bit 0: peaking select (0 = low / 1 = high) bit 1: peaking (1 = on) bit 2: baseband filter (1 = on) bit 3: interpol. filter (1 = on) bit 4: load coeff (1 = now) bit 5: black out (1 = on) bit 6: gray decoder (1 = on) bit 7: line delay (1 = off) scram_mode 0010 8 bit bit 0: video descrambling (0 = on) bit 1: video rotation (0 = double / 1 = single) bit 2: aspect ratio (0 = 4:3 / 1 = 16:9) bit 3: vbi descrambling (1 = on) bit 4: coeff clock (1 = on) bit 5: not used bit 6: not used bit 7: user panning (1 = on) mac_mode 0018 8 bit bit 30: clamp position bit 4: clamp bypass (1 = on) bit 5: freq select (0 = 50 hz / 1 = 60 hz) bit 6: decoder sync (1 = locked) bit 7: mac select (0 = d2 / 1 = d) pan_vector 0020 8 bit bit 70: user pan vector (2's complement) pan_output 0028 8 bit bit 70: pan vector output (2's complement) edition: june 12, 1992 62513301e
dma 2275, dma 2286 20 mode register 0000h 0008h 0010h 0018h 0020h 0028h access_mode < 70 > video_mode < 70 > scram_mode < 70 > mac_mode < 70 > pan_vector < 70 > pan_output < 70 > address bit 76 43210 5 8.4.2. pac1 register name address function pac1_register 0100 12*8 bit spa_reg 0100 4*2*8 bit bit 90: packet address sps_reg 0140 4*8 bit bit 0: packet descrambling (1 = on) bit 2,1: packet location (01 = 1st subframe) (10 = 2nd subframe) (00 = both subframes) (11 = both subframes) bit 3: packet remove (1 = on) bit 4: automode (1 = on) spa register 0100h 0108h 0110h 0118h 0120h 0128h spa1 < 9, 8 > spa3 < 70 > address bit 76 43210 5 spa4 < 70 > spa2 < 70 > spa1 < 70 > spa2 < 9, 8 > spa3 < 9, 8 > spa4 < 9, 8 > 0130h 0138h sps register 0140h 0148h 0150h 0158h sps1 < 40 > sps2 < 40 > sps3 < 40 > sps4 < 40 > 76 43210 5 address bit
dma 2275, dma 2286 21 8.4.3. pac2 register name address function pac2_register 0160 72*8 bit pab_reg 0160 8*2*8 bit bit 90: packet address bit 10,11: continuity index pae_reg 01e0 8*5*8 bit bit 350: packet address extension psc_reg 0320 8*2*8 bit bit 0: packet acquisition (1 = 0) bit 2,1: packet location (01 = 1st subframe) (10 = 2nd subframe) (00 = both subframes) (11 = both subframes) bit 3: cont. index select (1 = on) bit 64: packet type select (000 = ignore packet type) (001 = select f8 or 00) (010 = select c7 or 3f) (110 = select f8) (101 = select c7) (100 = select 00) (111 = select 3f) bit 8,7: packet protection (00 = not protected) (01 = 8 byte hamming [8,4]) (10 = full hamming [8,4]) (11 = golay [24,12]) bit 119: packet addr. extens. (000 = ignore pack. extension) (001 = select1lsb of ci) (010 = select 4bit of tg) (011 = select 7msb of ci) (100 = select 8bit of ci) (101 = select 12 bit of cca) (110 = select 24bit of sca (111 = select 36bit of uca) bit 13,12: packet link (00 = no packet link) (01 = link by pt) (10 = link by ci) (11 = not defined) bit 14: pae select (0 = in every packet) (1 = in sync packet only)
dma 2275, dma 2286 22 pab register 0160h 0168h 0170h 0178h 0180h01d8h pab1 < 118 > pab2 < 118 > 76 43210 5 pab1 < 70 > pab2 < 70 > pab3 pab8 address bit pae register 01e0h 01e8h 01f0h 01f8h 0200h 0208h0228h pae1 < 70 > pae1 < 158 > pae1 < 2316 > pae1 < 3532 > 76 43210 5 0230h0250h 0258h0278h 0280h02a0h 02a8h02c8h 02d0h02f0h 02f8h0318h pae1 < 3124 > pae2 < 350 > pae4 < 350 > pae5 < 350 > pae6 < 350 > pae7 < 350 > pae8 < 350 > pae3 < 350 > address bit psc register 0320h 0328h 0330h 0338h 0340h0398h psc1 < 148 > psc2 < 148 > 76 43210 5 psc1 < 70 > psc2 < 70 > psc3 psc8 address bit
dma 2275, dma 2286 23 8.4.4. coeff register name address function coeff_register 0400 16*8 bit a3_coeff a2_coeff a1_coeff a0_coeff b3_coeff b2_coeff b1_coeff b0_coeff c3_coeff c2_coeff c1_coeff c0_coeff d3_coeff d2_coeff d1_coeff d0_coeff 0400 0408 0410 0418 0420 0428 0430 0438 0440 0448 0450 0458 0460 0468 0470 0478 bit 50: 6 bit integer value (5) bit 50: 6 bit integer value (13) bit 50: 6 bit integer value (0) bit 50: 6 bit integer value (1) bit 50: 6 bit integer value (38) bit 50: 6 bit integer value (46) bit 50: 6 bit integer value (0) bit 50: 6 bit integer value (25) bit 50: 6 bit integer value (38) bit 50: 6 bit integer value (25) bit 50: 6 bit integer value (0) bit 50: 6 bit integer value (46) bit 50: 6 bit integer value (5) bit 50: 6 bit integer value (1) bit 50: 6 bit integer value (0) bit 50: 6 bit integer value (13) coeff register 0400h 0408h 0410h 0418h 0420h 0428h a3_coeff < 50 > a2_coeff < 50 > a1_coeff < 50 > a0_coeff < 50 > b3_coeff < 50 > b2_coeff < 50 > 76 43210 5 b1_coeff < 50 > b0_coeff < 50 > c3_coeff < 50 > c2_coeff < 50 > c1_coeff < 50 > c0_coeff < 50 > d3_coeff < 50 > d2_coeff < 50 > d1_coeff < 50 > d0_coeff < 50 > 0430h 0438h 0440h 0448h 0450h 0458h 0460h 0468h 0470h 0478h address bit
dma 2275, dma 2286 24 8.4.5. cw register name address function cw_register 0600 96*8 bit lcw_even lcw_odd vcw_even vcw_odd dcw1_even dcw1_odd dcw2_even dcw2_odd dcw3_even dcw3_odd dcw4_even dcw4_odd 0600 0640 0680 06c0 0700 0740 0780 07c0 0800 0840 0880 08c0 8*8 bit local control word 8*8 bit local control word 8*8 bit video control word 8*8 bit video control word 8*8 bit data control word 8*8 bit data control word 8*8 bit data control word 8*8 bit data control word 8*8 bit data control word 8*8 bit data control word 8*8 bit data control word 8*8 bit data control word 0800h0838h cw register 0600h 0608h0630h 0638h 0640h 0648h0670h 0678h lcw_even < 70 > lcw_even < 558 > lcw_even < 5956 > lcw_odd < 558 > 76 43210 5 0680h 0688h06b0h 06b8h 06c0h 06c8h06f0h 06f8h lcw_odd < 70 > lcw_odd < 5956 > vcw_even < 558 > vcw_even < 5956 > vcw_odd < 70 > dcw1_even < 590 > vcw_odd < 5956 > vcw_even < 70 > dcw1_odd < 590 > dcw2_even < 590 > dcw2_odd < 590 > dcw3_even < 590 > dcw3_odd < 590 > dcw4_even < 590 > dcw4_odd < 590 > vcw_odd < 558 > 0700h0738h 0740h0778h 0780h07b8h 07c0h07f8h 0840h0878h 0880h08b8h 08c0h08f8h address bit
dma 2275, dma 2286 25 8.4.6. error buffer name address function error_buffer 0c00 8*16*8 bit buf1_error buf2_error buf3_error buf4_error buf5_error buf6_error buf7_error buf8_error 0c00 0c80 0d00 0d80 0e00 0e80 0f00 0f80 16*8 bit 16*8 bit 16*8 bit 16*8 bit 16*8 bit 16*8 bit 16*8 bit 16*8 bit bit 50: error_num bit 6: crc error (1 = error) bit 7: not defined 0c80h0cf8h error buffer 0c00h 0c08h 0c10h 0c18h 0c20h 0c28h pack1_error < 70 > pack2_error < 70 > pack3_error < 70 > pack5_error < 70 > 76 43210 5 0c30h 0c38h 0c40h 0c48h 0c50h 0c58h pack4_error < 70 > pack6_error < 70 > pack8_error < 70 > pack9_error < 70 > pack10_error < 70 > pack13_error < 70 > pack12_error < 70 > pack7_error < 70 > pack14_error < 70 > pack15_error < 70 > pack16_error < 70 > buf2 error buf38 error pack11_error < 70 > 0c60h 0c68h 0c70h 0c78h 0d00h0fffh address bit
dma 2275, dma 2286 26 8.4.7. packet buffer name address function packet_buf 1000 6144*8 bit packet_buf1 packet_buf2 packet_buf3 packet_buf4 packet_buf5 packet_buf6 packet_buf7 packet_buf8 1000 2800 4000 5800 7000 8800 a000 b800 8*96*8 bit 8*96*8 bit 8*96*8 bit 8*96*8 bit 8*96*8 bit 8*96*8 bit 8*96*8 bit 8*96*8 bit 11b8h 48 byte packet buffer 1000h 1008h 1010h 1018h 1020h 1028h 76 43210 5 1030h 1038h 1040h1178h 1180h 1188h 1190h 1198h 11a0h 11a8h 11b0h 11c0h12f8h 1300h27f8h pa < 70 > ci packet type packet data < 158 > packet data < 70 > packet data < 2316 > packet data < 3932 > packet data < 35940 > packet type packet data < 3124 > ci packet 316 pa < 9, 8 > pa < 70 > pa < 9, 8 > packet data < 158 > packet data < 70 > packet data < 2316 > packet data < 3932 > packet data < 35940 > packet data < 3124 > address bit
dma 2275, dma 2286 27 1320h 96 byte packet buffer 1000h 1008h 1010h 1018h 1020h 1028h 76 43210 5 1030h 1038h 1040h12e0h 12e8h 12f0h 12f8h 1300h 1308h 1310h 1318h 1328h 1330h pa < 70 > ci packet type packet data < 158 > packet data < 70 > packet data < 2316 > packet data < 3932 > packet data < 71940 > packet data < 3124 > ci pa < 9, 8 > pa < 9, 8 > packet data < 70 > packet data < 2316 > packet data < 3932 > packet data < 71940 > packet data < 31 24 > 1338h 1340h15e0h 15e8h 15f0h 15f8h 1600h27f8h packet 38 packet data < 158 > packet type pa < 70 > address bit
dma 2275, dma 2286 28 8.4.8. line 625 buffer name address function line_625_buf d000 28*8 bit d080h line 625 buffer d000h d008h d010h d018h d020h d028h links udt chid < 158 > 76 43210 5 d030h d038h d040h d048h d050h d058h chid < 70 > sdfscr cafcnt < 70 > cafcnt < 158 > cafcnt < 1916 > bch < 138 > bch < 70 > mvscg sdf fcnt udf tdmcid tdms < 70 > unallocated d060h d068h d070h d078h d088h d090h d098h d0a0h d0a8h d0b0h d0b8h d0c0h d0c8h d0d0h d0d8h tdms < 158 > tdms < 2316 > tdms < 4740 > tdms < 3932 > tdms < 5548 > tdms < 6156 > tdm bch < 70 > bch < 138 > tdms < 3124 > _err _err address bit
dma 2275, dma 2286 29 8.4.9. scratch buffer name address function scratch_buf e000 1024*8 bit 8.5. fp memory map name address function frame_count line_count 019 020 12 bit fcnt flywheel 12 bit line counter chroma_offset luma_offset 033 034 12 bit 2's complement 12 bit 2's complement pan_fifo 036 037 038 039 040 041 042 8 bit 2's complement (fifo output) 8 bit 2's complement 8 bit 2's complement 8 bit 2's complement 8 bit 2's complement 8 bit 2's complement 8 bit 2's complement (fifo input) packet_count 091 12 bit packet counter buf1_status buf2_status buf3_status buf4_status buf5_status buf6_status buf7_status buf8_status 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 12 bit 12 bit 12 bit 12 bit 12 bit 12 bit 12 bit 12 bit bit 40: buffer pointer bit 5: buffer appl. (0 = standard/1 = ring) bit 6: buffer inc. (0 = 96 byte/1 = 48 byte) bit 7: buffer enable (0 = close/1 = open) bit 8: link status (1 = active) bit 119: not used
dma 2275, dma 2286 30 fp memory 19 20 33 34 frame_count line_count luma_offset 76 43210 5 91 248 249 250 251 chroma_offset buf1_status < 80 > buf2_status < 80 > buf5_status < 80 > buf4_status < 80 > packet_count buf6_status < 80 > buf7_status < 80 > buf8_status < 80 > buf3_status < 80 > 252 253 254 255 8 9 11 10 address bit 3642 pan_fifo
dma 2275, dma 2286 31 9. specifications 9.1. outline dimensions fig. 91: dma 2275/2286 in 68pin plcc package weight approx. 4.5 g, dimensions in mm 9.2. pin connections pin nr. signal name dma 2275 signal name dma 2286 i/o symbol 1 leave vacant sound ram data input/output sdio 2 leave vacant sound ram address a0 output sa0 3 leave vacant sound ram address a1 output sa1 4 leave vacant sound ram address a2 output sa2 5 leave vacant sound ram address a3 output sa3 6 leave vacant sound ram address a4 output sa4 7 leave vacant sound ram read/write output sr/w 8 leave vacant sound ram ras output sras 9 leave vacant sound ram address a5 output sa5 10 leave vacant sound ram address a6 output sa6 11 leave vacant sound ram address a7 output sa7 12 im bus clock input imc 13 im bus ident input imi 14 im bus data input/output imd 15 reset input res 16 f m main clock input mclk 17 burst sync input bsync 18 leave vacant
dma 2275, dma 2286 32 pin connections, continued pin nr. signal name dma 2275 signal name dma 2286 i/o symbol 19 burst data input bdat 20 vbi data output vbidat 21 corrected packet data output cpdat 22 packet data input pdat 23 descrambled packet data output dpdat 24 baseband b0 output bo0 25 baseband b1 output bo1 26 baseband b2 output bo2 27 baseband b3 output bo3 28 baseband b4 output bo4 29 baseband b5 output bo5 30 baseband b6 output bo6 31 baseband b7 output bo7 32 ground supply gnd 33 ground test output gnd 34 ground test output gnd 35 ground test input gnd 36 ground test input gnd 37 leave vacant 38 supply voltage, +5 v supply vsup 39 baseband b7 input bi7 40 baseband b6 input bi6 41 baseband b5 input bi5 42 baseband b4 input bi4 43 baseband b3 input bi3 44 baseband b2 input bi2 45 baseband b1 input bi1 46 baseband b0 input bi0 47 im bus busy output imbus 48 ground test input gnd 49 acq. ram cas output acas
dma 2275, dma 2286 33 pin connections, continued pin nr. signal name dma 2275 signal name dma 2286 i/o symbol 50 acq. ram data output adio 51 acq. ram address a0 output aa0 52 acq. ram address a1 output aa1 53 acq. ram address a2 output aa2 54 acq. ram address a3 output aa3 55 acq. ram address a4 output aa4 56 acq. ram read/write output ar/w 57 acq. ram ras output aras 58 acq. ram address a5 output aa5 59 acq. ram address a6 output aa6 60 acq. ram address a7 output aa7 61 ground supply gnd 62 ground test input gnd 63 supply voltage, +5 v supply vsup 64 leave vacant s_bus ident input sbi 65 leave vacant audio clock input aclk 66 leave vacant s_bus data output sbd 67 leave vacant 68 leave vacant sound ram cas output scas note: symbols for pin numbers 1 to 11, 64 to 66 and 68 are valid only for dma 2286.
dma 2275, dma 2286 34 9.3. pin configuration fig. 92: dma 2286 in 68pin plcc package 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 654321 44 43 42 41 40 68 67 66 65 64 63 62 61 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 sdio sa0 sa1 sa2 sa3 sa4 sa5 sa6 sa7 imc imi imd bsync mclk bdat vbidat cpdat pdat dpdat bo0 bo1 bo2 bo3 bo4 bo5 bo6 bo7 gnd gnd gnd gnd gnd vsup bi7 bi6 bi5 bi4 bi3 bi2 bi1 bi0 imbus gnd adio aa0 aa1 aa2 aa3 aa4 aa5 aa6 aa7 gnd sbd sbi sr/w sras res aclk vsup gnd scas ar/w aras acas dma 2286 9.4. pin descriptions pin 1 sound ram data input/output (fig. 98) pin 1 serves as output for writing sound data into the ex- ternal sound ram and as input for reading sound data from that ram. pins 2 to 6 and 9 to 11 sound ram address a0 to a7 output (fig. 911) these pins are used for addressing the external sound ram. pin 7 sound ram read/write output (fig. 911) by means of this output the external sound ram is switched to the read or write mode as required. pin 8 sound ram row address select output (fig. 911) this pin supplies the row address select signal (ras) to the external sound ram. pins 12, 13 and 14 im bus connection (figs. 93 and 97) these pins connect the dma 2275/2286 to the im bus. via the im bus the dma 2275/2286 communicates with the ccu central control unit. pin 15 reset input (fig. 96) pin 15 is used for hardware reset. reset is actuated at low level, and at high level the dam 2275/2286 is ready for operation. pin 16 f m main clock input (fig. 95) by means of this input, the dma 2275/2286 receives the required main clock signal of 20.25 mhz form the mcu 2600 clock generator ic. pin 17 burst sync input (fig. 93) by means of this input, the dma 2275/2286 receives the required burst sync pulse from the dma 2271/2281. this sync pulse is used both as line sync and frame sync. pin 19 burst data input (fig. 93) by means of this input, the dma 2275/2286 receives the decoded burst data of each line from the dma 2271/2281. pin 20 vbi data output (fig. 911) this pin supplies the descrambled burst data of each line. this signal may serve as an input signal for the tpu 2735 teletext processor. pin 21 corrected packet data output (fig. 911) this pin supplies descrambled and error corrected pack- ets from two subframes required by external teletext or other data processors. pin 22 packet data input (fig. 93) via this pin, the dma 2275/2286 receives packets of one subframe from pin 55 of the dma 2271/2281. these packets are already deinterleaved, with golaycor- rected header and errorcorrected pt byte. pin 23 descrambled packet data output (fig. 911) this pin supplies descrambled sound packets from one subframe to pin 56 of the dma 2271/2281. pins 24 to 31 baseband b0 to b7 output (fig. 911) via these pins, the dma 2275/2286 delivers the digital baseband signal including the descrambled video signal to the dma 2271/2281, where it is decoded into luma, chroma and sound signals. pins 32 to 26 and 48, 61 and 62 ground these pins must be connected to the negative (ground) of the supply voltage.
dma 2275, dma 2286 35 pins 38 and 63 supply voltage these pins must be connected to the positive supply voltage. pins 39 to 46 baseband b7 to b0 input (fig. 94) via these pins,the dma 2275/2286 receives the digi- tized baseband signal coming either from the vcu 2133 video codec in a 7bit parallel gray code or from any other a/d converter in 8bit parallel binary code. pin 47 im bus busy output (fig. 911) this pin supplies a signal which indicates that the im bus interface of the dma 2275/2286 is busy. as long as this pin delivers a high level signal there should be no im bus transfer to or from the dma 2275/2286. pin 49 acq. ram column address select output (fig. 910) this pin supplies the column address select signal (cas) to the external acquisition ram. pin 50 acq. ram data input/output (fig. 98) pin 50 serves as output for writing data into the external acquisition ram and as input for reading data from that ram. pins 51 to 55 and 58 to 60 acq. ram address a0 to a7 output (fig. 910) these pins are used for addressing the external acquisi- tion ram. pin 56 acq. ram read/write output (fig. 910) by means of this output the external acquisition ram is switched to the read or write mode as required. pin 57 acq. ram row address select output (fig. 910) this pin supplies the row address select signal (ras) to the external acquisition ram. pin 64 s bus ident input (fig. 93) via this input, the dma 2286 receives the ident signal of the serial 3line s bus from the dma 2281. pin 65 audio clock input (fig. 95) by means of this input, the dma 2286 receives the re- quired audio clock signal of 18.432 mhz from the dma 2281. pin 66 s bus data output (fig. 99) this pin supplies the digital sound signal to the amu 2481 audio mixer and can be connected to the s bus data output of the dma 2281. only one s bus data out- put should be activated for one s bus sound channel. pin 68 sound ram column address select output (fig. 911) this pin supplies the column address select signal (cas) to the external sound ram. 9.5. pin circuits the following figures schematically show the circuitry at the various pins. the integrated protection structures are not shown. the letter apo means pchannel, the let- ter ano nchannel. p n v sup gnd fig. 93: input pins 12, 13, 17, 19, 22 and 64 pp nn v sup gnd bias fig. 94: input pins 39 to 46 p n p n gnd v sup fig. 95: input pins16 and 65 n p p p n n v sup gnd fig. 96: input pin 15 p n n v sup fig. 97: input/output pin 14 gnd
dma 2275, dma 2286 36 fig. 98: input/output pins 1 and 50 pp nn v sup gnd v sup gnd n fig. 99: output pin 66 p n v sup gnd fig. 910: output pins 49, 51 to 60 p n v sup gnd fig. 911: output pins 2 to 11, 20, 21, 23 to 31, 47 and 68 9.6. electrical characteristics all voltages are referred to ground. 9.6.1. absolute maximum ratings symbol parameter pin no. min. max. unit t a ambient operating temperature 0 65 c t s storage temperature 40 +125 c v sup supply voltage 38, 63 6 v v i input voltage, all inputs 0.3 v v sup v o output voltage, all outputs 0.3 v v sup i o output current, all outputs 10 +10 ma
dma 2275, dma 2286 37 9.6.2. recommended operating conditions symbol parameter pin no. min. typ. max. unit t a ambient operating temperature 0 65 c v sup supply voltage 38, 63 4.75 5.0 5.25 v v imil im bus input low voltage 12 to 14 0.8 v v imih im bus input high voltage 2.0 v r ext external pullup resistor 1.0 k w f f i f i im bus clock frequency 0.05 1000 khz t im1 f i clock input delay time after im bus ident input 0 ns t im2 f i clock input low pulse time 500 ns t im3 f i clock input high pulse time 500 ns t im4 f i clock input setup time before ident input high 0 ns t im5 f i clock input hold time after ident input high 250 ns t im6 f i clock input setup time before ident endpulse input 1.0 m s t im7 im bus data input delay time after f i clock input 0 ns t im8 im bus data input setup time before f i clock input 0 ns t im9 im bus data input hold time after f i clock input 0 ns t im10 im bus ident endpulse low time 1.0 m s v reil reset input low voltage 15 0.8 v v reih reset input high voltage 2.0 v t reil reset input low time 2 m s v f midc f m clock input d.c. voltage 16 1.5 3.5 v v f miac f m clock input a.c. voltage (pp) 0.8 2.5 v t f mih t f mil f m clock input high/low ratio 0.9 1.0 1.1 t f mihl f m clock input high/low transition time 0.15 f f m s f f m f m clock input frequency 20.25 mhz
dma 2275, dma 2286 38 recommended operating conditions, continued symbol parameter pin no. min. typ. max. unit v bbil burst bus input low voltage 17, 19 0.8 v v bbih burst bus input high voltage 2.0 v v pdil packet data input low voltage 22 0.8 v v pdih packet data input high voltage 2.0 v v bil baseband input low voltage 39 to 46 2.2 v v bih baseband input high voltage 2.8 v t bis baseband input setup time before falling edge of mclk 39 to 46, 16 15 50 ns t bih baseband input hold time after falling edge of mclk 0 ns v siil s bus ident input low voltage 64 0.4 v v siih s bus ident input high voltage 2.0 v t siil s bus ident input low time 150 ns v f aidc f a clock input d.c. voltage 65 1.5 3.5 v v f aiac f a clock input a.c. voltage (pp) 0.8 2.5 v t f ah t f al f a clock input high/low ratio 0.9 1.0 1.1 t f a f a clock input high/low transition time 0.15 f f a s f f a f a clock input frequency 18.432 mhz
dma 2275, dma 2286 39 9.6.3. characteristics at t a = 0 to 65 c, v sup = 4.75 to 5.25 v, f f m = 20.25 mhz symbol parameter pin no. min. typ. max. unit test conditions i sup supply current 38, 63 120 160 ma v imdol im bus data output low voltage 14 0.4 v i imo = 5 ma i imdoh im bus data output high current 10 m a v imo = 5 v t im8 im bus data output setup time before im bus clock input 14, 12 0 500 ns t im9 im bus data output hold time after im bus clock input 0 ns v vdol vbi data output low voltage 20 0.4 v i l = 1.6 ma v vdoh vbi data output high voltage 2.4 v i l = 0.1 ma t vdot vbi data output transition time 10 ns c l = 10 pf t vdod vbi data output delay time after falling edge of mclk 20, 16 0 ns v pdol packet data output low voltage 21, 23 0.4 v i l = 1.6 ma v pdoh packet data output high voltage 2.4 v i l = 0.1 ma t pdot packet data output transition time 10 ns c l = 10 pf t pdod packet data output delay time after rising edge of mclk 21, 23, 16 0 ns v bol baseband output low voltage 24 to 31 0.4 v i l = 1.6 ma v boh baseband output high voltage 2.4 v i l = 0.1 ma t bot baseband output transition time 10 ns c l = 10 pf t bod baseband output delay time after falling edge of mclk 24 to 31, 16 20 ns v ibol im bus busy output low voltage 47 0.4 v i l = 1.6 ma v iboh im bus busy output high voltage 2.4 v i l = 0.1 ma t ibot im bus busy output transition time 10 ns c l = 10 pf v sdol s bus data output low voltage 66 0.3 v i so = 8 ma i sdoh s bus data output high current 10 m a v so = 5 v t sdod s bus data output delay time after falling edge of aclk 66, 65 20 ns
dma 2275, dma 2286 40 9.6.4. sound dram interface characteristics at t a = 0 to 65 c, v sup = 4.75 to 5.25 v, f f a = 18.432 mhz symbol parameter pin no. min. typ. max. unit test conditions v dil ram data input low voltage 1 0.8 v v dih ram data input high voltage 2.0 v v dol ram data output low voltage 0.4 v i do = 1.6 ma v doh ram data output high voltage 2.4 v i do = 0.1 ma t dt ram data output transition time 3 10 ns c l = 10 pf t dis ram data input setup time before cas output high 1, 8, 68 0 75 ns t dih ram data input hold time after cas output high 0 33 ns t dhr ram data output hold time after ras output low 140 ns t ds ram data output setup time before cas output low 20 ns t dh ram data output hold time after cas output low 80 ns v aol ram address output low voltage 2 to 6, 9 to 11 0.4 v i ao = 1.6 ma v aoh ram address output high voltage 2.4 v i ao = 0.1 ma t at ram address output transition time 3 10 ns c l = 10 pf t rah row address output hold time after ras output low 2 to 6, 9 to 11, 868 22 ns t asr row address output setup time before ras output low 8 , 68 30 ns t ar column address output hold time after ras output low 125 ns t cah column address output hold time after cas output low 70 ns t asc column address output setup time before cas output low 10 ns v rasol ras output low voltage 8 0.4 v i raso = 1.6 ma v rasoh ras output high voltage 2.4 v i raso = 0.1 ma t rast ras output transition time 3 10 ns c l = 10 pf t ras ras output low pulsewidth 125 3000 ns t rp ras output precharge time 130 ns
dma 2275, dma 2286 41 sound dram interface characteristics, continued symbol parameter pin no. min. typ. max. unit test conditions v casol cas output low voltage 68 0.4 v i caso = 1.6 ma v casoh cas output high voltage 2.4 v i caso = 0.1 ma t cast cas output transition time 3 10 ns c l = 10 pf t cp cas output precharge time 70 ns t cas cas output low pulsewidth 95 150 ns t pc page mode cycle time 170 ns t rsh ras output hold time after cas output low 8, 68 110 ns t rcd cas output delay time after ras output 45 ns t csh cas output hold time after ras output low 170 ns t crp cas output precharge time before ras output low 150 ns v wol write output low voltage 7 0.4 v i wo = 1.6 ma v woh write output high voltage 2.4 v i wo = 0.1 ma t wt write output transition time 3 10 ns c l = 10 pf t cwl write output low before cas output high 7, 8, 68 180 ns t wch write output hold time after cas output low 80 ns t rch write output hold time after cas output high 50 ns t rrh write output hold time after ras output high 20 ns
dma 2275, dma 2286 42 9.6.5. acquisition dram interface characteristics at t a = 0 to 65 c, v sup = 4.75 to 5.25 v, f f m = 20.25 mhz symbol parameter pin no. min. typ. max. unit test conditions v dil ram data input low voltage 50 0.8 v v dih ram data input high voltage 2.0 v v dol ram data output low voltage 0.4 v i do = 1.6 ma v doh ram data output high voltage 2.4 v i do = 0.1 ma t dt ram data output transition time 3 10 ns c l = 10 pf t dis ram data input setup time before cas output high 50, 49, 57 50 ns t dih ram data input hold time after cas output high 25 45 ns t dhr ram data output hold time after ras output low 250 ns t ds ram data output setup time before cas output low 40 ns t dh ram data output hold time after cas output low 130 ns v aol ram address output low voltage 51 to 55, 58 to 60 0.4 v i ao = 1.6 ma v aoh ram address output high voltage 2.4 v i ao = 0.1 ma t at ram address output transition time 3 10 ns c l = 10 pf t rah row address output hold time after ras output low 51 to 55, 58 to 60, 49 57 60 ns t asr row address output setup time before ras output low 49 , 57 100 ns t ar column address output hold time after ras output low 80 ns t cah column address output hold time after cas output low 50 ns t asc column address output setup time before cas output low 20 ns v rasol ras output low voltage 57 0.4 v i raso = 1.6 ma v rasoh ras output high voltage 2.4 v i raso = 0.1 ma t rast ras output transition time 3 10 ns c l = 10 pf t ras ras output low pulsewidth 1600 ns t rp ras output precharge time 100 ns
dma 2275, dma 2286 43 acquisition dram interface characteristics, continued symbol parameter pin no. min. typ. max. unit test conditions v casol cas output low voltage 49 0.4 v i caso = 1.6 ma v casoh cas output high voltage 2.4 v i caso = 0.1 ma t cast cas output transition time 3 10 ns c l = 10 pf t cp cas output precharge time 80 ns t cas cas output low pulsewidth 90 110 ns t pc page mode cycle time 200 ns t rsh ras output hold time after cas output low 49, 57 75 ns t rcd cas output delay time after ras output 75 ns t csh cas output hold time after ras output low 170 ns t crp cas output precharge time before ras output low 200 ns v wol write output low voltage 56 0.4 v i wo = 1.6 ma v woh write output high voltage 2.4 v i wo = 0.1 ma t wt write output transition time 3 10 ns c l = 10 pf t cwl write output low before cas output high 56, 49, 57 275 ns t wch write output hold time after cas output low 125 ns t rch write output hold time after cas output high 20 ns t rrh write output hold time after ras output high 25 ns
dma 2275, dma 2286 44 h l h l h l ident clock data 12 34 678910111213 16 or 24 lsb address msb lsb data msb ab c section a section b section c h l data h l clock h l ident address lsb address msb data msb 5 t im1 t im3 t im2 t im7 t im8 t im9 t im4 t im5 t im6 t im10 fig. 912: im bus waveforms 9.6.6. waveforms h l h l h l sident sclock sdata 16 bit sound 1 a section a section b h l sdata h l sclock h l sident lsb of sound 1 msb of sound 4 16 bit sound 2 16 bit sound 3 16 bit sound 4 64 clock cycles b t s1 t s2 t s4 t s5 t s3 t s6 fig. 913: s bus waveforms
dma 2275, dma 2286 45 t cwl t ar t csh t pc t ras t wch t rrh t rp t rch t crp t cp t cas t rcd t asr t rah t asc t cah t ds t dh t dhr t dis t dih t rsh row addr. column addr. 0 column address 1 column address 14 row addr. valid data valid data valid data valid data valid data valid data v oh v ol we v oh v ol ras v oh v ol cas v oh v ol dram addr. v oh v ol dout v oh v ol din fig. 914: dram waveform
dma 2275, dma 2286 46 10. references 1. specification of the systems of the mac/packet fami- ly. ebu technical document 3258e, oct. 1986. 2. data sheet dma 2271, dma 2281 c/d/d2mac decoder itt semiconductors
dma 2275, dma 2286 47
dma 2275, dma 2286 micronas intermetall 48 micronas intermetall gmbh hans-bunte-strasse 19 d-79108 freiburg (germany) p.o. box 840 d-79008 freiburg (germany) tel. +49-761-517-0 fax +49-761-517-2174 e-mail: docservice@intermetall.de internet: http://www.intermetall.de printed in germany by simon druck gmbh & co., freiburg (5/92) order no. 6251-330-1e all information and data contained in this data sheet are with- out any commitment, are not to be considered as an offer for conclusion of a contract nor shall they be construed as to create any liability. any new issue of this data sheet invalidates previous issues. product availability and delivery dates are ex- clusively subject to our respective order confirmation form; the same applies to orders based on development samples deliv- ered. by this publication, micronas intermetall gmbh does not assume responsibility for patent infringements or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. reprinting is generally permitted, indicating the source. how- ever, our prior consent must be obtained in all cases.

▲Up To Search▲

Price & Availability of DMA2275

	To Download DMA2275 Datasheet File
If you can't view the Datasheet, Please click here to try to view without PDF Reader .