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? semiconductor components industries, llc, 2005 june, 2005 ? rev. 6 1 publication order number: tl494/d tl494, ncv494 switchmode ? pulse width modulation control circuit the tl494 is a fixed frequency, pulse width modulation control circuit designed primarily for switchmode power supply control. features ? complete pulse width modulation control circuitry ? on?chip oscillator with master or slave operation ? on?chip error amplifiers ? on?chip 5.0 v reference ? adjustable deadtime control ? uncommitted output transistors rated to 500 ma source or sink ? output control for push?pull or single?ended operation ? undervoltage lockout ? ncv prefix for automotive and other applications requiring site and control changes ? pb?free packages are available* maximum ratings (full operating ambient temperature range applies, unless otherwise noted.) rating symbol value unit power supply voltage v cc 42 v collector output voltage v c1 , v c2 42 v collector output current (each transistor) (note 1) i c1 , i c2 500 ma amplifier input voltage range v ir ?0.3 to +42 v power dissipation @ t a 45 c p d 1000 mw thermal resistance, junction?to?ambient r ja 80 c/w operating junction temperature t j 125 c storage temperature range t stg ?55 to +125 c operating ambient temperature range tl494b tl494c tl494i ncv494b t a ?40 to +125 0 to +70 ?40 to +85 ?40 to +125 c derating ambient temperature t a 45 c maximum ratings are those values beyond which device damage can occur. maximum ratings applied to the device are individual stress limit values (not normal operating conditions) and are not valid simultaneously. if these limits are exceeded, device functional operation is not implied, damage may occur and reliability may be affected. 1. maximum thermal limits must be observed. *for additional information on our pb?free strategy and soldering details, please download the on semiconductor soldering and mounting techniques reference manual, solderrm/d. http://onsemi.com marking diagrams soic?16 d suffix case 751b see detailed ordering and shipping information in the package dimensions section on page 4 of this data sheet. ordering information tl494xdg awlyww x = b, c or i a = assembly location wl = wafer lot yy, y = year ww, w = work week g = pb?free package 1 16 pdip?16 n suffix case 648 *this marking diagram also applies to ncv494 . pin connections c t r t ground c1 1 inv input c2 q2 e2 e1 1 0.1 v oscillator v cc 5.0 v ref (top view) noninv input inv input v ref output contro l v cc noninv input compen/pwn comp input deadtime control error amp + ? 2 3 4 5 6 7 89 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 2 error amp + ? q1 tl494xn awlyywwg * 1 16
tl494, ncv494 http://onsemi.com 2 recommended operating conditions characteristics symbol min typ max unit power supply voltage v cc 7.0 15 40 v collector output voltage v c1 , v c2 ? 30 40 v collector output current (each transistor) i c1 , i c2 ? ? 200 ma amplified input voltage v in ?0.3 ? v cc ? 2.0 v current into feedback terminal l fb ? ? 0.3 ma reference output current l ref ? ? 10 ma timing resistor r t 1.8 30 500 k timing capacitor c t 0.0047 0.001 10 f oscillator frequency f osc 1.0 40 200 khz electrical characteristics (v cc = 15 v, c t = 0.01 f, r t = 12 k , unless otherwise noted.) for typical values t a = 25 c, for min/max values t a is the operating ambient temperature range that applies, unless otherwise noted. characteristics symbol min typ max unit reference section reference voltage (i o = 1.0 ma) v ref 4.75 5.0 5.25 v line regulation (v cc = 7.0 v to 40 v) reg line ? 2.0 25 mv load regulation (i o = 1.0 ma to 10 ma) reg load ? 3.0 15 mv short circuit output current (v ref = 0 v) i sc 15 35 75 ma output section collector off?state current (v cc = 40 v, v ce = 40 v) i c(off) ? 2.0 100 a emitter off?state current v cc = 40 v, v c = 40 v, v e = 0 v) i e(off) ? ? ?100 a collector?emitter saturation voltage (note 2) common?emitter (v e = 0 v, i c = 200 ma) emitter?follower (v c = 15 v, i e = ?200 ma) v sat(c) v sat(e) ? ? 1.1 1.5 1.3 2.5 v output control pin current low state (v oc 0.4 v) high state (v oc = v ref ) i ocl i och ? ? 10 0.2 ? 3.5 a ma output voltage rise time common?emitter (see figure 12) emitter?follower (see figure 13) t r ? ? 100 100 200 200 ns output voltage fall time common?emitter (see figure 12) emitter?follower (see figure 13) t f ? ? 25 40 100 100 ns 2. low duty cycle pulse techniques are used during test to maintain junction temperature as close to ambient temperature as poss ible.
tl494, ncv494 http://onsemi.com 3 electrical characteristics (v cc = 15 v, c t = 0.01 f, r t = 12 k , unless otherwise noted.) for typical values t a = 25 c, for min/max values t a is the operating ambient temperature range that applies, unless otherwise noted. characteristics symbol min typ max unit error amplifier section input offset voltage (v o (pin 3) = 2.5 v) v io ? 2.0 10 mv input offset current (v o (pin 3) = 2.5 v) i io ? 5.0 250 na input bias current (v o (pin 3) = 2.5 v) i ib ? ?0.1 ?1.0 a input common mode voltage range (v cc = 40 v, t a = 25 c) v icr ?0.3 to v cc ?2.0 v open loop voltage gain ( v o = 3.0 v, v o = 0.5 v to 3.5 v, r l = 2.0 k ) a vol 70 95 ? db unity?gain crossover frequency (v o = 0.5 v to 3.5 v, r l = 2.0 k ) f c? ? 350 ? khz phase margin at unity?gain (v o = 0.5 v to 3.5 v, r l = 2.0 k ) m ? 65 ? deg. common mode rejection ratio (v cc = 40 v) cmrr 65 90 ? db power supply rejection ratio ( v cc = 33 v, v o = 2.5 v, r l = 2.0 k ) psrr ? 100 ? db output sink current (v o (pin 3) = 0.7 v) i o? 0.3 0.7 ? ma output source current (v o (pin 3) = 3.5 v) i o + 2.0 ?4.0 ? ma pwm comparator section (test circuit figure 11) input threshold voltage (zero duty cycle) v th ? 2.5 4.5 v input sink current (v (pin 3) = 0.7 v) i i? 0.3 0.7 ? ma deadtime control section (test circuit figure 11) input bias current (pin 4) (v pin 4 = 0 v to 5.25 v) i ib (dt) ? ?2.0 ?10 a maximum duty cycle, each output, push?pull mode (v pin 4 = 0 v, c t = 0.01 f, r t = 12 k ) (v pin 4 = 0 v, c t = 0.001 f, r t = 30 k ) dc max 45 ? 48 45 50 50 % input threshold voltage (pin 4) (zero duty cycle) (maximum duty cycle) v th ? 0 2.8 ? 3.3 ? v oscillator section frequency (c t = 0.001 f, r t = 30 k ) f osc ? 40 ? khz standard deviation of frequency* (c t = 0.001 f, r t = 30 k ) f osc ? 3.0 ? % frequency change with voltage (v cc = 7.0 v to 40 v, t a = 25 c) f osc ( v) ? 0.1 ? % frequency change with temperature ( t a = t low to t high ) (c t = 0.01 f, r t = 12 k ) f osc ( t) ? ? 12 % undervoltage lockout section turn?on threshold (v cc increasing, i ref = 1.0 ma) v th 5.5 6.43 7.0 v total device standby supply current (pin 6 at v ref , all other inputs and outputs open) (v cc = 15 v) (v cc = 40 v) i cc ? ? 5.5 7.0 10 15 ma average supply current (c t = 0.01 f, r t = 12 k , v (pin 4) = 2.0 v) (v cc = 15 v) (see figure 12) ? 7.0 ? ma * standard deviation is a measure of the statistical distribution about the mean as derived from the formula, n n = 1 (x n ? x ) 2 n ? 1
tl494, ncv494 http://onsemi.com 4 ordering information device package shipping ? tl494bd soic?16 48 units / rail tl494bdg soic?16 (pb?free) 48 units / rail tl494bdr2 soic?16 2500 tape & reel tl494bdr2g soic?16 (pb?free) 2500 tape & reel tl494cd soic?16 48 units / rail tl494cdg soic?16 (pb?free) 48 units / rail tl494cdr2 soic?16 2500 tape & reel tl494cdr2g soic?16 (pb?free) 2500 tape & reel tl494cn pdip?16 25 units / rail TL494CNG pdip?16 (pb?free) 25 units / rail tl494in pdip?16 25 units / rail tl494ing pdip?16 (pb?free) 25 units / rail ncv494bdr2* soic?16 2500 tape & reel ncv494bdr2g* soic?16 (pb?free) 2500 tape & reel ?for information on tape and reel specifications, including part orientation and tape sizes, please refer to our tape and reel packaging specifications brochure, brd8011/d. *ncv494: t low = ?40 c, t high = +125 c. guaranteed by design. ncv prefix is for automotive and other applications requiring site and change control.
tl494, ncv494 http://onsemi.com 5 figure 1. representative block diagram figure 2. timing diagram 6 r t c t 5 4 deadtime control oscillator 0.12v 0.7v 0.7ma + 1 ? ? + ? + + 2 ? d q ck ? + + ? 3.5v 4.9v 13 reference regulator q1 q2 8 9 11 10 12 v cc v cc 12 3 1516 14 7 error amp 1 feedback pwm comparator input ref. output gnd uv lockout flip? flop output control error amp 2 deadtime comparator pwm comparator q capacitor c t feedback/pwm comp. deadtime control flip?flop clock input flip?flop q flip?flop q output q1 emitter output q2 emitter output control this device contains 46 active transistors.
tl494, ncv494 http://onsemi.com 6 applications information description the tl494 is a fixed?frequency pulse width modulation control circuit, incorporating the primary building blocks required for the control of a switching power supply. (see figure 1.) an internal?linear sawtooth oscillator is frequency? programmable by two external components, r t and c t . the approximate oscillator frequency is determined by: f osc 1.1 r t ? c t for more information refer to figure 3. output pulse width modulation is accomplished by comparison of the positive sawtooth waveform across capacitor c t to either of two control signals. the nor gates, which drive output transistors q1 and q2, are enabled only when the flip?flop clock?input line is in its low state. this happens only during that portion of time when the sawtooth voltage is greater than the control signals. therefore, an increase in control?signal amplitude causes a corresponding linear decrease of output pulse width. (refer to the timing diagram shown in figure 2.) the control signals are external inputs that can be fed into the deadtime control, the error amplifier inputs, or the feedback input. the deadtime control comparator has an effective 120 mv input offset which limits the minimum output deadtime to approximately the first 4% of the sawtooth?cycle time. this would result in a maximum duty cycle on a given output of 96% with the output control grounded, and 48% with it connected to the reference line. additional deadtime may be imposed on the output by setting the deadtime?control input to a fixed voltage, ranging between 0 v to 3.3 v. functional table input/output controls output function f out f osc = grounded single?ended pwm @ q1 and q2 1.0 @ v ref push?pull operation 0.5 the pulse width modulator comparator provides a means for the error amplifiers to adjust the output pulse width from the maximum percent on?time, established by the deadtime control input, down to zero, as the voltage at the feedback pin varies from 0.5 v to 3.5 v. both error amplifiers have a common mode input range from ?0.3 v to (v cc ? 2v), and may be used to sense power?supply output voltage and current. the error?amplifier outputs are active high and are ored together at the noninverting input of the pulse?width modulator comparator. with this configuration, the amplifier that demands minimum output on time, dominates control of the loop. when capacitor c t is discharged, a positive pulse is generated on the output of the deadtime comparator, which clocks the pulse?steering flip?flop and inhibits the output transistors, q1 and q2. with the output?control connected to the reference line, the pulse?steering flip?flop directs the modulated pulses to each of the two output transistors alternately for push?pull operation. the output frequency is equal to half that of the oscillator. output drive can also be taken from q1 or q2, when single?ended operation with a maximum on?time of less than 50% is required. this is desirable when the output transformer has a ringback winding with a catch diode used for snubbing. when higher output?drive currents are required for single?ended operation, q1 and q2 may be connected in parallel, and the output?mode pin must be tied to ground to disable the flip?flop. the output frequency will now be equal to that of the oscillator. the tl494 has an internal 5.0 v reference capable of sourcing up to 10 ma of load current for external bias circuits. the reference has an internal accuracy of 5.0% with a typical thermal drift of less than 50 mv over an operating temperature range of 0 to 70 c. figure 3. oscillator frequency versus timing resistance 500 k 100 k 10 k 1.0 k 500 1.0 k 2.0 k 5.0 k 10 k 20 k 50 k 100 k 200 k 500 k 1.0 m r t, timing resistance ( ) , oscillator frequency (hz) f osc v cc = 15 v 0.01 f 0.1 f c t = 0.001 f
tl494, ncv494 http://onsemi.com 7 figure 4. open loop voltage gain and phase versus frequency figure 5. percent deadtime versus oscillator frequency figure 6. percent duty cycle versus deadtime control voltage 1.0 10 100 1.0 k 10 k 100 k 1.0 m , open loop voltage gain (db) vol f, frequency (hz) a vol 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 , excess phase (degrees) v cc = 15 v v o = 3.0 v r l = 2.0 k a figure 7. emitter?follower configuration output saturation voltage versus emitter current 500 k 1.0 k 10 k 100 k 500 k f osc , oscillator frequency (hz) % dt, percent deadtime (each output) c t = 0.001 f 0.001 f 0 1.0 2.0 3.0 3.5 v dt , deadtime control voltage (iv) % dc, percent duty cycle (each output) v cc = 15 v v oc = v ref 1.c t = 0.01 f 2. r t = 10 k 2.c t = 0.001 f 2. r t = 30 k 2 1 figure 8. common?emitter configuration output saturation voltage versus collector current 0 100 200 300 400 i e, emitter current (ma) , saturation voltage (v) ce(sat) v 0 100 200 300 400 i c , collector current (ma) ce(sat) , saturation voltage (v) v figure 9. standby supply current versus supply voltage 0 5.0 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 cc , supply current (ma) v cc , supply voltage (v) i 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 20 18 16 14 12 10 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0 50 40 30 20 10 0 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 10 9.0 8.0 7.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0
tl494, ncv494 http://onsemi.com 8 figure 10. error?amplifier characteristics figure 11. deadtime and feedback control circuit figure 12. common?emitter configuration test circuit and waveform + + v in error amplifier under test feedback terminal (pin 3) other error amplifier v ref v cc = 15v 150 2w output 1 output 2 c1 e1 c2 e2 ref out gnd output control (+) (+) (?) (?) feedback deadtime error v cc test inputs 50k r t c t 150 2w figure 13. emitter?follower configuration test circuit and waveform r l 68 v c c l 15pf c e q each output transistor 15v 90% v cc 10% 90% 10% t r t f r l 68 v ee c l 15pf c e q each output transistor 15v 90% v ee 10% 90% 10% t r t f ? ? gnd
tl494, ncv494 http://onsemi.com 9 figure 14. error?amplifier sensing techniques figure 15. deadtime control circuit figure 16. soft?start circuit figure 17. output connections for single?ended and push?pull configurations v o to output voltage of system r1 1 2 v ref r2 + error amp positive output voltage v o = v ref 1 + r 1 3 + 1 2 v ref r2 v o r1 negative output voltage ? to output voltage of system error amp ? v o = v ref r 1 r1 r2 output control output q r t c t d t v ref 4 5 6 0.001 30k r 1 r 2 max. % on time, each output 45 ? 80 1 + output q v ref 4 d t c s r s output control single?ended q 1 q 2 q c 1.0 ma to 500 ma q e 2.4 v v oc v ref push?pull q 1 q 2 c 1 e 1 c 2 e 2 1.0 ma to 250 ma output control 0 v oc 0.4 v c 1 e 1 c 2 e 2 r 2 r 2 1.0 ma to 250 ma
l1 ? 3.5 mh @ 0.3 a t1 ? primary: 20t c.t. #28 awg t1 ? secondary: 12ot c.t. #36 awg t1 ? core: ferroxcube 1408p?l00?3cb tl494, ncv494 http://onsemi.com 10 figure 18. slaving two or more control circuits figure 19. operation with v in > 40 v using external zener figure 20. pulse width modulated push?pull converter r t c t 6 5 v ref r t c t master v ref slave (additional circuits) r t c t 5 6 v in > 40v r s v z = 39v 1n975a v cc 5.0v ref 12 270 gnd 7 +v in = 8.0v to 20v 1 2 3 15 16 + ? ? + comp oc v ref dt c t r t gnd e 1 e 2 13144567910 1m 33k 0.01 0.01 v cc c 1 c 2 8 11 47 47 10 + 10k 4.7k 4.7k 15k tip 32 + t 1 1n4934 l 1 1n4934 240 + 50 35v 4.7k 1.0 22 k + +v o = 28 v i o = 0.2 a 12 all capacitors in f tl494 0.001 50 35v 50 25v tip 32 test conditions results line regulation v in = 10 v to 40 v 14 mv 0.28% load regulation v in = 28 v, i o = 1.0 ma to 1.0 a 3.0 mv 0.06% output ripple v in = 28 v, i o = 1.0 a 65 mv pp p.a.r.d. short circuit current v in = 28 v, r l = 0.1 1.6 a efficiency v in = 28 v, i o = 1.0 a 71%
tl494, ncv494 http://onsemi.com 11 figure 21. pulse width modulated step?down converter +v in = 10v to 40v tip 32a 1.0mh @ 2a +v o = 5.0 v i o = 1.0 a 50 10v + 5.1k mr850 0.1 150 5.1k 5.1k 47k 1.0m 0.1 3 2 1 14 15 16 comp ? + ? v ref + v cc c 1 c 2 50 50v 0.001 564137910 c t r t d.t. o.c. gnd e 1 e 2 + 47k + 500 10v 150 47 11 12 8 tl494 test conditions results line regulation v in = 8.0 v to 40 v 3.0 mv 0.01% load regulation v in = 12.6 v, i o = 0.2 ma to 200 ma 5.0 mv 0.02% output ripple v in = 12.6 v, i o = 200 ma 40 mv pp p.a.r.d. short circuit current v in = 12.6 v, r l = 0.1 250 ma efficiency v in = 12.6 v, i o = 200 ma 72%
tl494, ncv494 http://onsemi.com 12 package dimensions soic?16 d suffix case 751b?05 issue j notes: 1. dimensioning and tolerancing per ansi y14.5m, 1982. 2. controlling dimension: millimeter. 3. dimensions a and b do not include mold protrusion. 4. maximum mold protrusion 0.15 (0.006) per side. 5. dimension d does not include dambar protrusion. allowable dambar protrusion shall be 0.127 (0.005) total in excess of the d dimension at maximum material condition. 18 16 9 seating plane f j m r x 45 g 8 pl p ?b? ?a? m 0.25 (0.010) b s ?t? d k c 16 pl s b m 0.25 (0.010) a s t dim min max min max inches millimeters a 9.80 10.00 0.386 0.393 b 3.80 4.00 0.150 0.157 c 1.35 1.75 0.054 0.068 d 0.35 0.49 0.014 0.019 f 0.40 1.25 0.016 0.049 g 1.27 bsc 0.050 bsc j 0.19 0.25 0.008 0.009 k 0.10 0.25 0.004 0.009 m 0 7 0 7 p 5.80 6.20 0.229 0.244 r 0.25 0.50 0.010 0.019
tl494, ncv494 http://onsemi.com 13 package dimensions pdip?16 n suffix case 648?08 issue t notes: 1. dimensioning and tolerancing per ansi y14.5m, 1982. 2. controlling dimension: inch. 3. dimension l to center of leads when formed parallel. 4. dimension b does not include mold flash. 5. rounded corners optional. ?a? b f c s h g d j l m 16 pl seating 18 9 16 k plane ?t? m a m 0.25 (0.010) t dim min max min max millimeters inches a 0.740 0.770 18.80 19.55 b 0.250 0.270 6.35 6.85 c 0.145 0.175 3.69 4.44 d 0.015 0.021 0.39 0.53 f 0.040 0.70 1.02 1.77 g 0.100 bsc 2.54 bsc h 0.050 bsc 1.27 bsc j 0.008 0.015 0.21 0.38 k 0.110 0.130 2.80 3.30 l 0.295 0.305 7.50 7.74 m 0 10 0 10 s 0.020 0.040 0.51 1.01
tl494, ncv494 http://onsemi.com 14 on semiconductor and are registered trademarks of semiconductor components industries, llc (scillc). scillc reserves the right to mak e changes without further notice to any products herein. scillc makes no warranty, r epresentation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for an y particular purpose, nor does scillc assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including wi thout limitation special, consequential or incidental damages. ?typical? parameters which may be provided in scillc data sheets and/or specifications can and do vary in different application s and actual performance may vary over time. all operating parameters, including ?typicals? must be validated for each customer application by customer?s technical experts. scillc does not convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others. scillc products are not designed, intended, or authorized for use as components in systems intended for surgical implant into the body, or other applications intended to support or sustain life, or for any other application in which the failure of the scillc product could create a sit uation where personal injury or death may occur. should buyer purchase or use scillc products for any such unintended or unauthorized application, buyer shall indemnify and hold scillc and its of ficers, employees, subsidiaries, af filiates, and distributors harmless against all claims, costs, damages, and expenses, and reasonable attorney fees arising out of, direct ly or indirectly, any claim of personal injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized use, even if such claim alleges that scillc was negligent regarding the design or manufacture of the part. scillc is an equal opportunity/affirmative action employer. this literature is subject to all applicable copyright laws and is not for resale in any manner. publication ordering information n. american technical support : 800?282?9855 toll free usa/canada japan : on semiconductor, japan customer focus center 2?9?1 kamimeguro, meguro?ku, tokyo, japan 153?0051 phone : 81?3?5773?3850 tl494/d switchmode is a trademark of semiconductor components industries, llc. literature fulfillment : literature distribution center for on semiconductor p.o. box 61312, phoenix, arizona 85082?1312 usa phone : 480?829?7710 or 800?344?3860 toll free usa/canada fax : 480?829?7709 or 800?344?3867 toll free usa/canada email : orderlit@onsemi.com on semiconductor website : http://onsemi.com order literature : http://www.onsemi.com/litorder for additional information, please contact your local sales representative.

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