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product overview KD16902 virtual surround processor 1 1 product overview overview the KD16902 virtual surround processor enables an average customer to enjoy the surround effect of the dolby digital ' s (formally known as dolby ac-3) 5.1 channel audio without the cost of implementing six speaker system. the chip implements virtual surround function, based on qsurround algorithm licensed from qsound labs, inc. the main part of the function converts the 5.1 channel output of dolby digital into 2 channel output without loss of the surround effect. furthermore, the KD16902 provides an additional mode which produce the output with 3 to 5.1 channels. therefore, the customer can enjoy the surround effect regardless of number of speakers using the KD16902. the KD16902 has an extra pin designated for stereo output. the pin can be used for connection to vcr audio input. the dolby digital output is converted into two channel audio for this pin. this is an attractive feature because a dvdp ' s output can be recorded into vcr tape with the surround effect. in addition to the virtual surround function, the KD16902 provides bass redirection function. the bass redirection function prevents small satellite speakers from reproducing deep bass signals which can be distorted. this feature enables the customer to implement dolby digital system without using expensive full range speakers for all 5.1 channels. the KD16902 has additional flexibility of executing user defined function. the user written codes can be downloaded from the host and executed as an additional function. key features ? virtual surround for systems with less than 6 speakers ? bass redirection ? downmix ? user defined function ? 16 bit fixed point dsp core (ssp1605) ? internal data ram bank0 (256-word: dedicated; three 256-word: data/program) ? internal data ram bank1 (256-word: dedicated; three 256-word: data/program) ? 4k-word internal program rom ? default master clock: 33.8 mhz through built-in doubler using 16.934 mhz crystal when cksel=1 ? cki is external master clock when cksel=0 ? 5.1 channel serial audio interface ? 32/44.1/48 khz sampling frequency ? serial host interface ? 64-pin qfp package ? 5 volt single power ? 0.6- m m double metal cmos technology (csp4hs)
KD16902 virtual surround processor product overview 2 ordering information applications ? dvdp ? dvd-rom ? hi-fi audio products typical application figure 1. typical application of the KD16902 virtual surround processor table 1. ordering information device package temperature range KD16902 64 qfp 0 o c - 70 o c dvd a/v decoder or dolby digital decoder KD16902 virtual surround processor l/r ls/rs c/lfe vcr output l'/r' ls'/rs' c'/lfe' dac to vcr host dac dac dac
product overview KD16902 virtual surround processor 3 block diagram figure 2. block diagram int2 usr1 selrl srlrl scsi lrcki bcki ibcc sdif sipo int1 usr0 int0 sdof sbck piso general reg config reg hiu shi hwen hbck ssp1605 dsp core sram0 1k-word program rom sram1 1k-word ra1 db db ra0 sb pa pd db clkgen osc dou- bler mux xi cki cksel xo mck svlro sflro srlro scso bcko obcc external register configuration ext0: front left/right in/out ext1: rear left/right in/out ext2: center/lfe in/out ext3: output for vcr ext4: host input register ext5: h/w configuration register ste: self test enable (active high) imaskb: interrupt mask signal (active low) ram1_cfg[1:0]: assign program memory area @bank1 ram0_cfg[1:0]: assign program memory area @bank0 sbck[1:0]: select bit clock (32/48/64) sdof[2:0]: output form (eiaj/iis, 16/18/20/25) sdif[2:0]: input format (eiaj/iis, 16/18/20/24) default value: ext5[15:0]=0000h ext6: general register (16bit) l/r ls/rs c/lfe l/r ls/rs c/lfe to vcr lrcko
KD16902 virtual surround processor product overview 4 pin assignment figure 3. pin assignment (64 qfp) 51 50 49 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 sflri srlri scsi lrcki bcki ibcc lrcko vdd gnd bcko obcc sflro srlro scso svlro gnd vdd usr0 usr1 tdo ext15 ext14 ext13 ext12 ext11 ext10 ext9 ext8 gnd vdd ext7 ext6 ext5 ext4 ext3 ext2 ext1 ext0 t e a 2 t r w b t e a 1 t e a 0 t e s b g n d v d d t p h i 2 t d i s t e / s f t c a p c k u p c k t m s x i x o c k i g n d c k s e l v d d i n t 0 i n t 1 i n t 2 20 21 22 23 25 32 26 27 28 29 30 31 24 64 63 62 61 59 58 57 56 55 54 53 60 52 r e s b s h i h w e n h b c k
product overview KD16902 virtual surround processor 5 pin descriptions table 2. KD16902 pin descriptions (type; pd=pull-down, pu=pull-up) pin name number i/o type pin description vdd 8,17,23,41,57 . - power supply pins; 5.0 volt gnd 9,16,22,42,58 . - ground pins sflri 1 i - serial digital audio signal input, front left/right input srlri 2 i - serial digital audio signal input, rear left/right input scsi 3 i - serial digital audio signal input, center/subwoofer input lrcki 4 i - l/r word clock input of serial digital audio in bcki 5 i - bit clock input of serial digital audio in ibcc 6 i pd input bit clock control(0:normal, 1:reverse) lrcko 7 i - l/r word clock input of serial digital audio out bcko 10 i - bit clock input of serial digital audio out obcc 11 i pd output bit clock control(0:normal, 1:reverse) sflro 12 o serial digital audio signal output, front left/right output srlro 13 o serial digital audio signal output, rear left/right output scso 14 o serial digital audio signal output, center/subwoofer output svlro 15 o serial digital audio signal output, left/right output to vcr usr0~1 18~19 o test pin xi 20 i - crystal input when cksel=1; 16.934 mhz (dedicated) xo 21 o - crystal output cki 24 i - external clock input cksel 25 i pd select crystal/external; 1: crystal input, 0: external clock input shi 26 i - serial host input hwen 27 i - host write enable; low active hbck 28 i - host bit clock of serial data in resb 29 i pu asynchronous reset. effective when cki is rising int0~1 30~32 o test pin ext0~15 33~40,43~50 i/o pu test pin; external bus data tdo 51 o test pins; test output@tms=1 / nand-tree output@tms=0 tms 52 i pd test pin; test mode select (1: test mode, 0: normal mode) tdi 53 i pd test pins; test input@tms=1 / nand-tree input@tms=0
KD16902 virtual surround processor product overview 6 upck 54 i pd test pin; update clock capck 55 i pd test pin; capture clock ste/sft 56 i pd self-test enable(active high); shift enable signal@test mode tphi2 59 i pd test pin trwb 60 i pd test pin; external bus read/write enable signal tesb 61 i pd test pin; external bus strobe signal tea0~2 62~64 i pd test pin; external bus address table 2. KD16902 pin descriptions (type; pd=pull-down, pu=pull-up) pin name number i/o type pin description
hardware description KD16902 virtual surround processor 7 2 hardware description dsp core ? up to 33 mips 16bit fixed point dsp core (ssp1605) ? 16 x 16 multiplier with 32 bit product ? 32 bit alu / accumulator ? 0.6- m m double metal cmos technology (csp4hs) memory ? 4 k-word internal program rom ? maximum 2k-word internal data ram figure 4. memory configuration 000h 0ffh 100h 1ffh 200h 2ffh 300h 3ffh 1000h 10ffh 1100h 11ffh 1200h 12ffh 1300h 13ffh ram0 program address 0000h 0fffh 300h 3ffh 200h 2ffh 100h 1ffh 000h 0ffh 1400h 14ffh 1500h 15ffh ram0_cfg=11 ram0_cfg=11/10 ram0_cfg=11/10/01 ram1_cfg=11/10/01 ram1_cfg=11/10 ram1_cfg=11 rom 4 k word ram1
KD16902 virtual surround processor hardware description 8 hardware configuration external register configuration ? ext0: front left/right channel in/out port ? ext1: rear left/right channel in/out port ? ext2: center/lfe channel in/out port ? ext3: vcr output port ? ext4: host input register ? ext5: h/w configuration register (default value: ext5[15:0]=0000h) ? ext6: general register (16 bit register read or write available) table 3. ext5 assignment bit assignment description 15:14 - reserved 13 ste self test enable signal (active high); status input (read only) if ste=1, execute built-in self test program after resb is released. ste=0, run normal processing. 12 imaskb interrupt mask signal (active low, default value = low) if imaskb=0, ignore any interrupt request. imaskb=1, serve interrupt request 11:10 ram1_cfg[1:0] assign program memory area on ram bank1 00: program memory= none 01: 300~3ff hex -> program memory= 1300~13ff hex 10: 200~3ff hex -> program memory= 1300~14ff hex 11: 100~3ff hex -> program memory= 1300~15ff hex 9:8 ram0_cfg[1:0] assign program memory area on ram bank0 00: program memory= none 01: 300~3ff hex -> program memory= 1200~12ff hex 10: 200~3ff hex -> program memory= 1100~12ff hex 11: 100~3ff hex -> program memory= 1000~12ff hex 7:6 sbck[1:0] select bit clock 00:32 fs, 01:48 fs, 10:64 fs 5:3 sdof[2:0] select output format (eiaj /iis, 16/18/20/24) 2:0 sdif[2:0] select input format (eiaj /iis, 16/18/20/24)
hardware description KD16902 virtual surround processor 9 digital audio interface digital audio interface (sipo/piso) has three 3 serial inputs and 4 serial outputs for the 6 channel input and the 8 channel output. it supports 16/18/20/24 bit eiaj (right-justified) and iis (left-justified) format. the sipo/piso unit interrupts dsp core after serial in/out completion. the left and right channels are distinguished by usr0 and usr1 flag as follows: ? l-ch input: int1=1, usr0=0, r-ch input: int1=1, usr0=1 ? l-ch output: int2=1, usr1=0, r-ch input: int2=1, usr1=1 table 4. word / bit clock control control description remark ibcc 0 synchronize with falling edge of bcki 1 synchronize with rising edge of bcki obcc 0 synchronize with falling edge of bcko 1 synchronize with rising edge of bcko lrcc 0 lrcki(lrcko)=l; l-ch data in/out (default) controlled by host 1 lrcki(lrcko)=h; l-ch data in/out table 5. data input format control output data format remark sdif[2] sdif[1] sdif[0] right- justify (eiaj) 0 0 0 msb first 16 bit, 32/48/64 fs slave mode 0 0 1 msb first 18 bit, 48/64 fs 0 1 0 msb first 20 bit, 48/64 fs 0 1 1 msb first 24 bit, 48/64 fs left- justify (iis) 1 0 0 16 bit, 32/48/64 fs 1 0 1 18 bit, 48/64 fs 1 1 0 20 bit, 48/64 fs 1 1 1 24 bit, 48/64 fs
KD16902 virtual surround processor hardware description 10 figure 5. timing diagram of input format table 6. data output format control output data format remark sdof[2] sdof[1] sdof[0] right- justify (eiaj) 0 0 0 msb first 16 bit, 32/48/64 fs slave mode 0 0 1 msb first 18 bit, 48/64 fs 0 1 0 msb first 20 bit, 48/64 fs 0 1 1 msb first 24 bit, 48/64 fs left- justify (iis) 1 0 0 16 bit, 32/48/64 fs 1 0 1 18 bit, 48/64 fs 1 1 0 20 bit, 48/64 fs 1 1 1 24 bit, 48/64 fs lrcki bcki sdif=000 sdif=001 sdif=010 sdif=011 sdif=111 int1 usr0 l-ch r-ch (when lrcc=0, ibcc=0) msb lsb msb lsb msb lsb msb lsb msb lsb msb lsb msb lsb msb lsb msb lsb msb lsb after dsp read l-ch data after dsp read r-ch data
hardware description KD16902 virtual surround processor 11 figure 6. timing diagram of output format host interface the KD16902 receives commands and parameters in serial format from the host through the host interface unit (hiu). the data is in byte unit. the hiu has hwen (host write enable), hbck (host bit clock), and shi (serial host input) pins. the maximum hbck frequency is 5mhz. the KD16902 can accept host interrupt for every 60 machine cycles. however, the host should interrupt the KD16902 for every 3 sampling period to meet real time con- straint. host sends information through host interface unit as follows: figure 7. timing diagram of host interface lrcko bcko sdof=000 sdof=001 sdof=010 sdof=011 sdof=111 int2 usr1 l-ch r-ch (when lrcc=0, obcc=0) msb lsb msb lsb msb lsb msb lsb msb lsb msb lsb msb lsb msb lsb msb lsb msb lsb after dsp write r-ch data after dsp write l-ch data hwen hbck shi int0 msb lsb msb lsb after dsp read host data function function / data
KD16902 virtual surround processor functional description 12 3 functional description the KD16902 processor provides five functional modes. these modes, shown in table 7, are selected by the command sent from the host. at the start or reset, the KD16902 stays idle and waits for the mode selection from the host. the KD16902 starts processing the corresponding functions after the mode selection. two different kinds of audio outputs exist in the KD16902. the first one is the two channel vcr output which is in turn input to vcr after being converted into analog by an external dac. this feature is very useful for recording dvd output into vcr tape. the audio signal is recorded into vcr tape with the virtualizing effect, or downmix in case of mode 3. the second output is the speaker output. the audio is reproduced to speakers through this output. the KD16902 supports up to six channel output. functional modes mode-1 figure 8. mode 1 the mode 1 is used for two speaker systems. dolby digital bit stream requires up to six speakers to reproduce the audio properly. in this mode, the audio is reproduced using two speakers with the virtual surround effect. since the number of channels for vcr output is always two, the output for the vcr output and the speaker output are the same as shown in figure 8. table 7. functional modes mode function description speaker output vcr output 1 2 channel virtual surround 2 channel virtual surround for two speaker system 2 multi channel virtual sur- round 2 channel virtual surround for three or more speaker system 3 bass redirection downmix the bass part of selected channels are redirected to other channels 4 bypass 2 channel virtual surround output is the original dolby digital audio 5 user written program user written program for downloading and executing user writ- ten program lfe rs l ls r c virtual surround 2 channel to vcr to speakers
functional description KD16902 virtual surround processor 13 mode-2 figure 9. mode 2 when the consumer has more than two speakers, mode 2 can be used. in this mode, the output of dolby digital is converted into the output mode set up by the consumer. for example, when the consumer has l,r, and c speakers (3/0 output mode), then the KD16902 converts the output of dolby digital into this mode using the virtual surround function. even for the six speaker system, this mode enhances the surround effect by spreading the sound into wider area. for the vcr output, dolby digital output is converted into two channels using the virtual surround function. mode-3 figure 10. mode 3 the mode 3 can be used when the consumer has six speakers but some of the speakers are small satellite speakers, which can distort the bass signals. the bass redirection function redirects the very low frequency parts of the channels with the small speakers into the channels for which speakers can reproduce the bass signals. in this mode, dolby digital ' s output is downmixed into two channels for the vcr output. lfe rs l ls r c to speakers to vcr virtual surround 2 channel virtual surround multi channel lfe rs l ls r c to speakers to vcr downmix bass redirection
KD16902 virtual surround processor functional description 14 mode 4 figure 11. mode 4 when the consumer wishes to hear the original dolby digital audio, mode 4 can be selected. the output of the dolby digital decoder is simply bypassed. for vcr output, the virtual surround function is applied. mode 5 figure 12. mode 5 the mode 5 is used for downloading and executing the user written program. the KD16902 download the user written program into its internal ram. in this mode, the user written codes are downloaded first. then, the KD16902 starts execute the user written program after accepting the corresponding command. virtual surround an output of dolby digital may require up to six speakers to reproduce the audio properly. the virtual surround function, developed by qsound labs, inc, accepts output of dolby digital and converts it into two or more channel audio, depending on number of speakers available, with the surround effect. the host sends the following parameters: ? input/output channel mode ? lfe on/off ? sampling frequency ? bit resolution ? audible area control lfe rs l ls r c to speakers to vcr virtual surround 2 channel bypass lfe rs l ls r c to speakers to vcr user defined function user defined function
functional description KD16902 virtual surround processor 15 figure 13. virtual surround function there are three main parts, licensed from qsound labs, inc., within the virtual surround function. first one is qxpander (qx ) which is used for the front channels. qxpander expands the separation between left and right channels, thus enhancing the front channels. second part is the q1 which is applied to the surround channels. the q1 provides discrete virtualization of the surround channels such that they are properly positioned with respect to the front channels regardless of output configuration. the q1 automatically compensates for "omni" (mono) surround content as is typical of dolby pro logic content that may be repackaged in a dolby digital system. the last part is the q123 for the center channel. it converts a mono signal into stereo signal. depending on input and output combination, a phantom operation instead of q123 can be applied to center signal. the phantom operation simply redirects the center signal into front speakers. the output of these three parts are combined appropriately to yield the surround audio with 5 or less number of speakers. if the consumer has a subwoofer speaker, the lfe channel is simply bypassed by setting the lfe on/off parameter. qxpander, q1, and q123 are protected by u.s. patent nos. 5,105,462, 5,208,860 and 5,440,638 and various foreign counterparts, and are copyright qsound labs, inc., 1993 - 1997. qxpander, qx, q1, and q123 are trademarks of qsound labs, inc. the advantage of the KD16902 is that the input and output are not constrained to 5.1 channel and 2 channels, respectively. the KD16902 can accept any input mode, and the output can be any speaker combination. the exception is 1+1 mode. the 1+1 mode is not supported in the KD16902. table 8 summarizes the combination of input and output modes supported by the KD16902. the input mode used here is the term for the audio coding mode of the dolby digital bit stream. the output mode specifies the speaker combination. the terms, i.e., 3/2 for the output mode is same as those used for the input mode. front process - qxpander (qx) - bypass surround process - q1 - bypass center process - bypass - q123 lout rout lsout rsout csout combination for output modes r ls l rs lfe c lfeout
KD16902 virtual surround processor functional description 16 table 8. input and output modes for virtual surround function input mode output mode output description 1/0 1/0 center only 2/0 3/0 2/1 3/1 2/2 3/2 1/0 2/0 left front and right front 2/0 3/0 2/1 3/1 2/2 3/2 1/0 3/0 left front, right front, and center 2/0 3/0 2/1 3/1 2/2 3/2 1/0 2/1 left front, right front, and mono surround 2/0 3/0 2/1 3/1 2/2 3/2
functional description KD16902 virtual surround processor 17 the audible area control parameter specifies the range of area, in which a person can hear the surround effect. figure 14 shows the audible area for the two speaker system. as the parameter value decreases, the audible area becomes wider. there is trade off between the range of audible area and the surround effect. the surround effect becomes more dramatic as the audible area decreases. table 9 shows the range of the parameter for each sampling frequency. 1/0 3/1 left front, right front, center, and mono surround 2/0 3/0 2/1 3/1 2/2 3/2 1/0 2/2 left front, right front, left surround, and right surround 2/0 3/0 2/1 3/1 2/2 3/2 1/0 3/2 left front, right front, center, left surround, and right surround 2/0 3/0 2/1 3/1 2/2 3/2 table 8. input and output modes for virtual surround function input mode output mode output description
KD16902 virtual surround processor functional description 18 figure 14. audible area for two speaker system following is the set of default values for the parameters used in virtual surround function. table 9. range of audible area parameter sampling frequency smallest audible area greatest audible area 32 khz 0x1a00 0x0a00 44.1 khz 0x12dd 0x0741 48 khz 0x1155 0x06aa table 10. default values for the parameters used in the virtual surround function command name command code parameter value description input channel mode 0x09 0x0f input channel mode is 3/2 and lfe channel is on output channel mode 0x0a 0x02 output channel mode is 2/0 sampling frequency 0x0b 0x00 48 khz input data format 0x0c 0x00 input sample resolution is 16 bits and left justification output data format 0x0d 0x00 output sample resolution is 16 bits and left justification audible area control, high 0x15 0x11 audible area control value is 0x1155 audible area control, low 0x16 0x55 audible area control value is 0x1155 right speaker left speaker tv audible area
functional description KD16902 virtual surround processor 19 bass redirection the KD16902 offers the bass redirection function for the consumers with small satellite speakers for some channels. dolby offers several output configurations for bass management. the KD16902 can perform the bass redirection all configurations required by dolby. this feature saves cost for the dvdp or any other system with dolby digital decoder because the system does not require separate circuit for bass management. figure 15 to figure 18 shows the output configurations required by dolby. please note that the KD16902 does not offer analog amplifying gains for lfe signals. these have to done by the analog circuit in the system. the surround inputs to the summing stages in figure 15, figure 16, and figure 18 is removed for dolby pro logic mode. figure 15. output configuration 1 figure 16. output configuration 2 hpf hpf hpf hpf hpf lpf summation l r ls rs c lfe l ' r ' ls ' rs ' c ' lfe ' -15 dbx5 -5 db +15 db lpf summation l r ls rs c lfe hpf hpf hpf -4.5db -5 db -15 dbx3 l ' r ' ls ' rs ' c ' lfe ' level adj level adj level adj -12 db -12 db -1.5 db -1.5 db optional +3 db
KD16902 virtual surround processor functional description 20 figure 17. output configuration 3. figure 18. simplified configuration the bass redirection function, shown in figure 19, in the KD16902 can accommodate any output configuration. for dolby pro logic mode, the surround input to the bass summing stages can be removed by setting the corresponding gain to zero. the processor needs the following parameters from the host to process a selected configuration. ? sampling frequency ? filter switches ? gain coefficients ? lfe redirection switches following is the list of the commands needed for bass redirection function with the corresponding terms shown in figure 19. l r ls rs c lfe l ' r ' ls ' rs ' c ' lfe ' hpf lpf -4.5db +10 db normal sub out full range center optional -5.0db l r ls rs c lfe l ' r ' ls ' rs ' c ' lfe ' hpf hpf hpf -10.5db lpf -4.5 dbx3 to l/r to sub
functional description KD16902 virtual surround processor 21 following table describes the summations. the lpf mentioned in the table is the low pass filter after summation of front, rear, and center signals. table 11. commands used for bass redirection command name command code term in figure 17 filter switches 0x19 f1, f2, f3, f4, f5 lfe redirection switches 0x1a s1, s2, s3, s4 gain of front for summation 1 0x1b and 0x1c g1 gain of rear for summation 2 0x1d and 0x1e g2 gain of center for summation 3 0x1f and 0x20 g3 gain of front for summation 4 0x21 and 0x22 g4 gain of rear for summation 4 0x23 and 0x24 g5 gain of center for summation 4 0x25 and 0x26 g6 gain of lpf output for summation 1 0x27 and 0x28 g7 gain of lpf output for summation 2 0x29 and 0x2a g8 gain of lpf output for summation 3 0x2b and 0x2c g9 gain of lfe for lfe summation 0x2d and 0x2e g10 gain of front for lfe summation 0x2f and 0x30 g11 gain of rear for lfe summation 0x31 and 0x32 g12 gain of center for lfe summation 0x33 and 0x34 g13 gain of front before output 0x35 and 0x36 g14 gain of rear before output 0x37 and 0x38 g15 gain of center before output 0x39 and 0x3a g16 gain of lfe before output 0x3b and 0x3c g17 table 12. summations in bass redirection summation name description summation 1 summation of front and lpf output summation 2 summation of rear and lpf output summation 3 summation of center and lpf output summation 4 summation front, rear, and center lfe summation summation of all six inputs
KD16902 virtual surround processor functional description 22 figure 19. bass redirection function the KD16902 is based on the dsp core with 16 bit fixed point precision. therefore, the gains are used for scaling down the signals before the summations to avoid overflow. the gains, g14 to g16, are either used for balancing the output levels of the five main channels or scaling before the addition with lfe signal. since the overall output of dolby digital decoder is attenuated, the system should increase the output level of bass redirection appropriately to the user desired level. example: suppose, the user wants to add the front signals and the output of the lpf. the user chose to atten- uate both signals equally be 6 db using g1 and g7 respectively to avoid possible overflow. then, the rear and the center signals must be attenuated by 6 db before output using g15 and g16 to preserve the output level balance. also, the system should increase the output level of the KD16902 by 6 db. the parameter values of the switches for the basic output configurations are listed in table 13 through table 18. samsung recommends gain values for the basic configurations. the recommended values for the gains are listed in table 19 through table 24. the values listed in the tables are for dolby digital mode. for dolby pro logic mode, the values should be set appropriately. the default configuration is configuration 1. therefore, the values listed in table 13 and table 19 are the default parameters. the default sampling frequency is 48 khz. g11 g4 g11 g12 g12 g13 g4 g5 lpf lfe summation g10 3 4 g15 2 g1 g14 1 g1 g14 1 g15 2 g16 g17 l r ls rs c lfe l ' r ' ls ' rs ' c ' s1 s2 s2 s3 s3 s4 g2 g2 g3 g 7 g 7 g 8 g 8 g 9 g6 g5 lpf lfe ' f4 f5 hpf f3 hpf f1 hpf f1 hpf f2 hpf f2
functional description KD16902 virtual surround processor 23 table 13. switch parameters for configuration 1 command name command name parameter values filter switches 0x19 0x17 lfe redirection switches 0x1a 0x08 table 14. switch parameters for configuration 2 command name command name parameter values filter switches 0x19 0x16 lfe redirection switches 0x1a 0x04 table 15. switch parameters for configuration 3 with normal mode command name command name parameter values filter switches 0x19 0x0c lfe redirection switches 0x1a 0x08 table 16. switch parameters for configuration 3 with sub out mode command name command name parameter values filter switches 0x19 0x0c lfe redirection switches 0x1a 0x06 table 17. switch parameters for simplified configuration with "to l/r" mode command name command name parameter values filter switches 0x19 0x0e lfe redirection switches 0x1a 0x08 table 18. switch parameters for simplified configuration with "to sub" mode command name command name parameter values filter switches 0x19 0x16 lfe redirection switches 0x1a 0x08
KD16902 virtual surround processor functional description 24 table 19. recommended gain values for configuration 1 command name command code parameter value db representation high low high low gain of front for summation 1 0x1b 0x1c 0x7f 0xff 0 db gain of rear for summation 2 0x1d 0x1e 0x7f 0xff 0 db gain of center for summation 3 0x1f 0x20 0x7f 0xff 0 db gain of front for summation 4 0x21 0x22 0x00 0x00 - db gain of rear for summation 4 0x23 0x24 0x00 0x00 - db gain of center for summation 4 0x25 0x26 0x00 0x00 - db gain of lpf output for summation 1 0x27 0x28 0x00 0x00 - db gain of lpf output for summation 2 0x29 0x2a 0x00 0x00 - db gain of lpf output for summation 3 0x2b 0x2c 0x00 0x00 - db gain of lfe for lfe summation 0x2d 0x2e 0x47 0xef -5 db gain of front for lfe summation 0x2f 0x30 0x16 0xc8 -15 db gain of rear for lfe summation 0x31 0x32 0x16 0xc8 -15 db gain of center for lfe summation 0x33 0x34 0x16 0xc8 -15 db gain of front before output 0x35 0x36 0x7f 0xff 0 db gain of rear before output 0x37 0x38 0x7f 0xff 0 db gain of center before output 0x39 0x3a 0x7f 0xff 0 db gain of lfe before output 0x3b 0x3c 0x7f 0xff 0 db
functional description KD16902 virtual surround processor 25 table 20. recommended gain values for configuration 2 command name command code parameter value db representation high low high low gain of front for summation 1 0x1b 0x1c 0x7f 0xff 0 db gain of rear for summation 2 0x1d 0x1e 0x7f 0xff 0 db gain of center for summation 3 0x1f 0x20 0x7f 0xff 0 db gain of front for summation 4 0x21 0x22 0x00 0x00 - db gain of rear for summation 4 0x23 0x24 0x00 0x00 - db gain of center for summation 4 0x25 0x26 0x00 0x00 - db gain of lpf output for summation 1 0x27 0x28 0x00 0x00 - db gain of lpf output for summation 2 0x29 0x2a 0x00 0x00 - db gain of lpf output for summation 3 0x2b 0x2c 0x00 0x00 - db gain of lfe for lfe summation 0x2d 0x2e 0x47 0xef -5 db gain of front for lfe summation 0x2f 0x30 0x00 0x00 - db gain of rear for lfe summation 0x31 0x32 0x16 0xc8 -15 db gain of center for lfe summation 0x33 0x34 0x16 0xc8 -15 db gain of front before output 0x35 0x36 0x20 0x20 -12 db gain of rear before output 0x37 0x38 0x20 0x20 -12 db gain of center before output 0x39 0x3a 0x20 0x20 -12 db gain of lfe before output 0x3b 0x3c 0x6b 0xa5 -1.5 db
KD16902 virtual surround processor functional description 26 table 21. recommended gain values for configuration 3 with normal mode command name command code parameter value db representation high low high low gain of front for summation 1 0x1b 0x1c 0x50 0xc4 -4 db gain of rear for summation 2 0x1d 0x1e 0x7f 0xff 0 db gain of center for summation 3 0x1f 0x20 0x7f 0xff 0 db gain of front for summation 4 0x21 0x22 0x00 0x00 - db gain of rear for summation 4 0x23 0x24 0x00 0x00 - db gain of center for summation 4 0x25 0x26 0x7f 0xff 0 db gain of lpf output for summation 1 0x27 0x28 0x30 0x20 -8.5 db gain of lpf output for summation 2 0x29 0x2a 0x00 0x00 - db gain of lpf output for summation 3 0x2b 0x2c 0x00 0x00 - db gain of lfe for lfe summation 0x2d 0x2e 0x7f 0xff 0 db gain of front for lfe summation 0x2f 0x30 0x00 0x00 - db gain of rear for lfe summation 0x31 0x32 0x00 0x00 - db gain of center for lfe summation 0x33 0x34 0x00 0x00 - db gain of front before output 0x35 0x36 0x7f 0xff 0 db gain of rear before output 0x37 0x38 0x50 0xc4 -4 db gain of center before output 0x39 0x3a 0x50 0xc4 -4 db gain of lfe before output 0x3b 0x3c 0x7f 0xff 0 db
functional description KD16902 virtual surround processor 27 table 22. recommended gain values for configuration 3 with sub out mode command name command code parameter value db representation high low high low gain of front for summation 1 0x1b 0x1c 0x32 0xf1 -8 db gain of rear for summation 2 0x1d 0x1e 0x7f 0xff 0 db gain of center for summation 3 0x1f 0x20 0x7f 0xff 0 db gain of front for summation 4 0x21 0x22 0x00 0x00 - db gain of rear for summation 4 0x23 0x24 0x00 0x00 - db gain of center for summation 4 0x25 0x26 0x7f 0xff 0 db gain of lpf output for summation 1 0x27 0x28 0x1e 0x56 -12.5 db gain of lpf output for summation 2 0x29 0x2a 0x00 0x00 - db gain of lpf output for summation 3 0x2b 0x2c 0x00 0x00 - db gain of lfe for lfe summation 0x2d 0x2e 0x7f 0xff 0 db gain of front for lfe summation 0x2f 0x30 0x00 0x00 - db gain of rear for lfe summation 0x31 0x32 0x00 0x00 - db gain of center for lfe summation 0x33 0x34 0x00 0x00 - db gain of front before output 0x35 0x36 0x7f 0xff 0 db gain of rear before output 0x37 0x38 0x32 0xf1 -8 db gain of center before output 0x39 0x3a 0x32 0xf1 -8 db gain of lfe before output 0x3b 0x3c 0x32 0xf1 -8 db
KD16902 virtual surround processor functional description 28 table 23. recommended gain values for simplified configuration with "to l/r" mode command name command code parameter value db representation high low high low gain of front for summation 1 0x1b 0x1c 0x7f 0xff 0 db gain of rear for summation 2 0x1d 0x1e 0x7f 0xff 0 db gain of center for summation 3 0x1f 0x20 0x7f 0xff 0 db gain of front for summation 4 0x21 0x22 0x00 0x00 - db gain of rear for summation 4 0x23 0x24 0x4c 0x49 -4.5 db gain of center for summation 4 0x25 0x26 0x4c 0x49 -4.5 db gain of lpf output for summation 1 0x27 0x28 0x7f 0xff 0 db gain of lpf output for summation 2 0x29 0x2a 0x00 0x00 - db gain of lpf output for summation 3 0x2b 0x2c 0x00 0x00 - db gain of lfe for lfe summation 0x2d 0x2e 0x7f 0xff 0 db gain of front for lfe summation 0x2f 0x30 0x00 0x00 - db gain of rear for lfe summation 0x31 0x32 0x00 0x00 - db gain of center for lfe summation 0x33 0x34 0x00 0x00 - db gain of front before output 0x35 0x36 0x7f 0xff 0 db gain of rear before output 0x37 0x38 0x7f 0xff 0 db gain of center before output 0x39 0x3a 0x7f 0xff 0 db gain of lfe before output 0x3b 0x3c 0x7f 0xff 0 db
functional description KD16902 virtual surround processor 29 table 24. recommended gain values for simplified configuration with "to sub" mode command name command code parameter value db representation high low high low gain of front for summation 1 0x1b 0x1c 0x7f 0xff 0 db gain of rear for summation 2 0x1d 0x1e 0x7f 0xff 0 db gain of center for summation 3 0x1f 0x20 0x7f 0xff 0 db gain of front for summation 4 0x21 0x22 0x00 0x00 - db gain of rear for summation 4 0x23 0x24 0x00 0x00 - db gain of center for summation 4 0x25 0x26 0x00 0x00 - db gain of lpf output for summation 1 0x27 0x28 0x00 0x00 - db gain of lpf output for summation 2 0x29 0x2a 0x00 0x00 - db gain of lpf output for summation 3 0x2b 0x2c 0x00 0x00 - db gain of lfe for lfe summation 0x2d 0x2e 0x47 0xef -5.0 db gain of front for lfe summation 0x2f 0x30 0x00 0x00 - db gain of rear for lfe summation 0x31 0x32 0x16 0xc8 -15 db gain of center for lfe summation 4 0x33 0x34 0x16 0xc8 -15 db gain of front before output 0x35 0x36 0x7f 0xff 0 db gain of rear before output 0x37 0x38 0x7f 0xff 0 db gain of center before output 0x39 0x3a 0x7f 0xff 0 db gain of lfe before output 0x3b 0x3c 0x7f 0xff 0 db
KD16902 virtual surround processor functional description 30 user defined function the KD16902 has additional flexibility of processing user defined function. the user written program is downloaded and executed in mode 5. mode 5 is divided into two stages. first, the user written program is downloaded from the host to the internal ram. the KD16902, then, starts execute the user defined program after accepting the corre- sponding command from the host. to go to other mode in mode 5, the KD16902 must be reset using the reset command before accepting the mode selection command. otherwise, the KD16902 will ignore the mode selection and keep execute the user defined function. program download and execution the KD16902 has two internal ram banks, ram0 and ram1. each bank, with size of 1k words, is further divided into four pages. the user is allowed to use last three pages for both banks. the user is not allowed write to page 0 of both ram0 and ram1. however, reading from the page 0 is allowed. this makes total 1.5k words of internal ram available for the user written codes. after downloading, the user must configure the internal ram into program memory and data memory. the kd16092 uses ram0_cfg[1:0] and ram1_cfg[1:0] bits of ext5 register for the memory configuration. table 3 describes the bit assignment to ext5 register. the program memory is memory mapped into program address space. table 25, table 26, and figure 20 show the memory configuration and program address map. table 25. memory configuration for ram0 ram0_cfg[1:0] data memory program memory program address 00 pages 0, 1, 2, and 3 - - 01 pages 0, 1, and 2 page 3 0x1200 to 0x12ff 10 pages 0 and 1 pages 2 and 3 0x1100 to 0x12ff 11 page 0 pages 1, 2, and 3 0x1000 to 0x12ff table 26. memory configuration for ram1 ram1_cfg[1:0] data memory program memory program address 00 pages 0, 1, 2, and 3 - - 01 pages 0, 1, and 2 page 3 0x1300 to 0x13ff 10 pages 0 and 1 pages 2 and 3 0x1300 to 0x14ff 11 page 0 pages 1, 2, and 3 0x1300 to 0x15ff
functional description KD16902 virtual surround processor 31 figure 20. program memory address map the host sends the program memory configuration command for the memory configuration. the parameter follow- ing the command contains the information for ram0_cfg[1:0] and ram1_cfg[1:0]. the command and its param- eter are defined in the next section. when the KD16902 accepts the parameter, the parameter's bit[3:2] and bit[1:0] are copied to ram0_cfg[1:0] and ram1_cfg[1:0] bits of ext5 register, respectively. table 27 shows the commands used for the downloading. the host sends the address and the code using these commands. the address and the code are divided into upper and lower bytes because the KD16902 only accepts data in unit of byte. the data address, instead program address, is used for the downloading. the address is in 10 bits since the bank size is 1024 words. the bit[7:0] of the data address are assigned to the parameter following the ram address, low command. the bit[9:8], which indicates the ram page, are assigned the lowest significant 2 bits of the parameter following the ram address, high command. the bit 7 of the parameter indicates the bank. it is set to 0 for ram0 and 1 for ram1. figure 21 shows the parameter. 0x0000 0x0fff 0x1000 0x10ff 0x1100 0x11ff 0x1200 0x12ff 0x1300 0x13ff 0x1400 0x14ff 0x1500 0x15ff page 1 of ram0 page 2 of ram0 page 3 of ram0 page 1 of ram1 page 2 of ram1 page 3 of ram1 rom 4k words program address data address 0x0100 0x01ff 0x0200 0x02ff 0x0300 0x03ff 0x0300 0x03ff 0x0200 0x02ff 0x0100 0x01ff
KD16902 virtual surround processor functional description 32 figure 21. parameters for data address after finishing the downloading and setting memory configuration, the host sends jump to program memory address commands to start execution. after accepting these commands, the KD16902 constructs the starting address from the parameters following the commands. the address is loaded into the pc. please note that the pro- gram address is used for the jump to program address commands. in mode 5, the KD16902 can accept commands and parameters before executing the user defined program. after accepting the jump to program memory address commands, the KD16902 ignores the commands sent from the host except the reset command. example: the user wants to configure page 3 of ram0 and pages 2 and 3 of ram1 to program memory and the rest of the internal ram to data memory. figure 22 shows the program memory and the data memory within the internal ram. figure 22. program memory and data memory within the internal ram table 27. commands used for downloading user written code command command code parameter description ram address, high 0x3e flag for banks and upper 2 bits of the address ram address, low 0x3f lower byte of the address ram data, high 0x40 upper byte of the code ram data, low 0x41 lower byte of the code data address for the code 0: ram 0 1: ram 1 the parameter following ram address, low command the parameter following ram address, high command don't care page 0 page 1 page 2 page 3 page 3 page 2 page 1 page 0 ram0 ram1 data memory program memory
functional description KD16902 virtual surround processor 33 the host sends the following commands and parameters to the KD16902 for downloading and executing the user written codes. 0x05 ; select mode 5, the user written program 0x3e ; ram address, high 0x03 ; 0x3f ; ram address, low 0x00 ; the first instruction is at 0x0300 0x40 ; ram data, high 0x41 ; ram data, low 0x3e 0x03 0x3f 0x01 ; the second instruction is at 0x0301 0x40 keep download the rest of the user written codes 0x3d ; program memory configuration command 0x09 ; ram0_cfg[1:0] - 01 & ram1_cfg[1:0] - 10 0x42 ; jump to program memory address, high 0x12 0x43 ; jump to program memory address, low 0x00 ; pc <- 0x1200 program address 0x1200 <=> data address 0x0300 in ram0 programming guide in the KD16902, the input and the output uses separate interrupts. the l/ls/c and r/rs/lfe samples are read from the external registers at different instances of input interrupt. the l/ls/c samples are read first, followed by the r/rs/lfe samples at the next interrupt. similar to input, the l/ls/c/lv and r/rs/lfe/rv samples are written to the external registers at different instances of output interrupt. here, the lv and rv denotes the left and right vcr outputs, respectively. this makes the input/output interrupt frequency twice the sampling frequency. the KD16902 requires the user written program to synchronize with the input interrupts. to synchronize properly with the input interrupts, the user written program must wait until r/rs/lfe samples are read before proceeding to the main program. the user written program can use an entry, labeled flag, in data memory for this purpose. the input interrupt service routine (isr) sets this flag to 1 after reading the r/rs/lfe samples. the user must toggle the content of flag back to 0 before proceeding to the main part. since the interrupt frequency is larger than the sampling frequency, the interrupt may occur while the user written program is in running state. the user written program must copy the content of the input buffers to its own working buffers before proceeding to the main part. otherwise, the input isr may change the content of the input buffer and the user's function may not work properly. table 28 shows the input buffers which are in page 0 of ram1. the buff- ers are listed in the order of ascending address.
KD16902 virtual surround processor functional description 34 table 28. input buffers order label description 1 inputl input buffer for upper 16 bit of left front 2 inputlst input buffer for upper 16 bit of left surround 3 inputct input buffer for upper 16 bit of center 4 inputr input buffer for upper 16 bit of right front 5 inputrst input buffer for upper 16 bit of right surround 6 inputsubt input buffer for upper 16 bit of lfe 7 inputlftlow input buffer for lower 8 bit of left front 8 inputlstlow input buffer for lower 8 bit of left surround 9 inputctlow input buffer for lower 8 bit of center 10 inputrftlow input buffer for lower 8 bit of right front 11 inputrstlow input buffer for lower 8 bit of right surround 12 inputsubtlow input buffer for lower 8 bit of lfe
functional description KD16902 virtual surround processor 35 example: following codes illustrate the proper usage of flag and user's working buffers. the user buffers are in the same order as the input buffers in this code. andi 00 ld @flag, a user_wait: mod f, setie andi 00 cmp a, @flag bra z =1, @user_wait andi 00 ld @flag, a ldi xr0, 1 # the user buffers are in page 1 of ram0 ldi xr5, 0 ldi r0, @userl # the user buffers ldi r5, @inputl # the input buffers defined for the KD16902 ldi a, 0x0c read_input: ld x, (r5+!) ld (r0+!), x sub 01 bra z=0, @read_input user_main: main part of user written program similar to the inputs, the l/ls/c/lv and r/rs/lfe/rv samples are written to the external registers at different instances of output interrupt. the l/ls/c/lv samples are written to the external registers first followed by the r/rs/ c/rv samples at the next interrupt. since the KD16902 requires the user written program to be synchronized with the input interrupt, a special treatment is needed for the output. the KD16902 offers two subroutines for handling the output. the first one, init_op_buffers, is used for initializing the output buffers. the user must include this sub- routine at the beginning of the program. the second one, set_op_buffers, returns the pointer to the output buffers. it places the beginning address of the output buffers to the register, r5. the output buffers are in page 0 of ram1. therefore, the user must set xr5 to 0 before calling this subroutine. the user must place this subroutine before writ- ing output the output buffers. table 29 shows the order of output buffers.
KD16902 virtual surround processor functional description 36 table 29. order of output buffers order output buffer 1 upper 16 bit of left front 2 upper 16 bit of left surround 3 upper 16 bit of center 4 upper 16 bit of right front 5 upper 16 bit of right surround 6 upper 16 bit of lfe 7 lower 8 bit of left front 8 lower 8 bit of left surround 9 lower 8 bit of center 10 lower 8 bit of right front 11 lower 8 bit of right surround 12 lower 8 bit of lfe
functional description KD16902 virtual surround processor 37 example: following code illustrates proper usage of output buffers: call @init_op_buffers # initialize the output buffers andi 00 ld @flag, a user_wait: mod f, setie andi 00 cmp a, @flag bra z =1, @user_wait andi 00 ld @flag, a load the input from input buffers to working buffers main part of user written program ldi xr0, 1 # the user buffers are in page 1 of ram0 ldi xr5, 0 ldi r0, @userl ldi a, 0x0c call always, @set_op_buffers # get pointer to the output buffers write_output: ld x, (r0+!) # r0 is pointer to the user buffers ld (r5+!), x # r5 is pointer to the output buffers sub 01 bra z=0, @write_output bra always, @user_wait
KD16902 virtual surround processor command set 38 4 command set the KD16902 provides commands for selecting mode and for providing parameters for the functions. the host sends the commands and parameters to the KD16902 through hiu, the host interface unit. the hiu only accepts data with length of a byte. command usage guide for setting a parameter to a function, the host must send the command code identifying the parameter followed by the parameter value. some parameters are in length of two bytes. for these parameters, the value is divided into high and low bytes because the KD16902 accepts only byte data from host. the host, first, sends the command code identifying the high byte portion of the parameter followed by the high byte data. then, the host sends the command code for the low byte portion followed by the low byte data. the high byte must be sent first. if the order is reversed, the parameter will not set properly. the flow chart in figure 23 and figure 24 shows how the KD16902 accepts commands while running a process. all the parameters sent from the host needs the end of parameter setting command to be in effect. the end of parameter setting command does not have to be sent for each parameter. the host may send several parameters before sending the end of parameter setting command. figure 23. flow chart during initialization stage start initialization: clear ram, set general parameter to default values wait for mode selection mode 1 mode 3 mode 4 mode 5 mode 2 ? if the reset command is accepted, then the KD16902 returns to the start. ? if one of the mode selection command is accepted, then the selected mode starts mode 5 selected by host mode 1 selected by host mode 2 selected by host mode 3 selected by host mode 4 selected by host reset command accepted
command set KD16902 virtual surround processor 39 figure 24. flow chart in a mode example the current mode is mode 3. the user wants to change sampling frequency and the gain of the front signal to 32 khz and 0.5, respectively. table shows the related commands and the new values for the parameters. the host send the command and parameter values to the KD16902 in the following order. 0x0b; sampling rate command 0x02; 32 khz 0x1b; gain of front for summation 1 (high) 0x40; upper byte of the new value 0x1c; gain of front for summation 1 (low) 0x00; lower byte of the new value 0x05; end of parameter setting table 30. new parameter values command command code new parameter value description sampling frequency 0x0b 0x02 32 khz gain of front for summation 1 (high) 0x1b 0x40 upper byte of q15 representation of 0.5 gain of front for summation 1 (low) 0x1c 0x00 lower byte of q15 representation of 0.5 process the functions in mode i for the current sample i = 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 set the default parameters set parameters sent from yes no mode i host may send parameters end of parameter setting accepted? in mode5, the parameters are not set by the host
KD16902 virtual surround processor command set 40 command set summary the command set is divided into several classes. following table describes the command classes: the commands are summarized in table 32: table 31. command classes command class description mode selection used for selecting a mode general can be used in all modes downmix used only for downmix function. accepted only in mode 3 virtual surround used only for virtual surround function. accepted only in modes 1, 2, and 4 bass redirection used only for bass redirection function. accepted only in mode 3 memory configuration used for downloading user defined codes into internal ram table 32. command set summary command name command code command class description mode 1 0x01 mode selection select mode 1 mode 2 0x02 mode selection select mode 2 mode 3 0x03 mode selection select mode 3 mode 4 0x04 mode selection select mode 4 mode 5 0x05 mode selection select mode 5 end of parameter setting 0x06 general update the parameters of the current mode according to the host setting reset 0x07 general returns to waiting state. the parameters for all modes are reset to the default values reserved 0x08 reserved reserved input channel mode 0x09 general set input channel combination using the next incoming byte. output channel mode 0x0a general set output channel combination using the next incoming byte sampling frequency 0x0b general set sampling frequency using the next incoming byte input data format 0x0c general set input to 16/18/20/24 bit format and left/ right justification using the next incoming byte output data format 0x0d general set output to 16/18/20/24 bit format and left/ right justification using the next incoming byte
command set KD16902 virtual surround processor 41 input lrcc flag 0x0e general the lsb of the next incoming byte is the l/r inversion flag bit format 0x0f general set bit format to 32 fs/48 fs/ 64 fs using the next incoming byte scale dm 0x10 downmix next incoming byte specifies whether scale the audio signal to avoid overflow in downmix reserved 0x11 reserved reserved reserved 0x12 reserved reserved reserved 0x13 reserved reserved reserved 0x14 reserved reserved audible area control, high 0x15 virtual surround next incoming byte is the upper byte of audio area control parameter audible area control, low 0x16 virtual surround next incoming byte is the lower byte of audio area control parameter reserved 0x17 reserved reserved reserved 0x18 reserved reserved filter switches 0x19 bass redirection next incoming byte is the filter switches lfe redirection switches 0x1a bass redirection next incoming byte is the lfe redirection switches gain of front for summation 1, high 0x1b bass redirection next incoming byte is the upper byte of gain of front for summation 1 gain of front for summation 1, low 0x1c bass redirection next incoming byte is the lower byte of gain of front for summation 1 gain of rear for summation 2, high 0x1d bass redirection next incoming byte is the upper byte of gain of rear for summation 2 gain of rear for summation 2, low 0x1e bass redirection next incoming byte is the lower byte of gain of rear for summation 2 gain of center for summation 3, high 0x1f bass redirection next incoming byte is the upper byte of gain of center for summation 3 gain of center for summation 3, low 0x20 bass redirection next incoming byte is the lower byte of gain of center for summation 3 gain of front for summation 4, high 0x21 bass redirection next incoming byte is the upper byte of gain of front for summation 4 gain of front for summation 4, low 0x22 bass redirection next incoming byte is the lower byte of gain of front for summation 4 table 32. command set summary command name command code command class description
KD16902 virtual surround processor command set 42 gain of rear for summation 4, high 0x23 bass redirection next incoming byte is the upper byte of gain of rear for summation 4 gain of rear for summation 4, low 0x24 bass redirection next incoming byte is the lower byte of gain of rear for summation 4 gain of center summation 4, high 0x25 bass redirection next incoming byte is the upper byte of gain of center for summation 4 gain of center for summation 4, low 0x26 bass redirection next incoming byte is the lower byte of gain of center for summation 4 gain of lpf output for summation 1, high 0x27 bass redirection next incoming byte is the upper byte of gain of lpf output for summation 1 gain of lpf output for summation 1, low 0x28 bass redirection next incoming byte is the lower byte of gain of lpf output for summation 1 gain of lpf output for summation 2, high 0x29 bass redirection next incoming byte is the upper byte of gain of lpf output for summation 2 gain of lpf output for summation 2, low 0x2a bass redirection next incoming byte is the lower byte of gain of lpf output for summation 2 gain of lpf output for summation 3, high 0x2b bass redirection next incoming byte is the upper byte of gain of lpf output for summation 3 gain of lpf output for summation 3, low 0x2c bass redirection next incoming byte is the lower byte of gain of lpf output for summation 3 gain of lfe for lfe summation, high 0x2d bass redirection next incoming byte is the upper byte of gain of lfe for lfe summation gain of lfe for lfe summation, low 0x2e bass redirection next incoming byte is the lower byte of gain of lfe for lfe summation gain of front for lfe summation, high 0x2f bass redirection next incoming byte is the upper byte of gain of front for lfe summation gain of front for lfe summation, low 0x30 bass redirection next incoming byte is the lower byte of gain of front for lfe summation gain of rear for lfe summation, high 0x31 bass redirection next incoming byte is the upper byte of gain of rear for lfe summation gain of rear for lfe summation, low 0x32 bass redirection next incoming byte is the lower byte of gain of rear for lfe summation gain of center for lfe summation, high 0x33 bass redirection next incoming byte is the upper byte of gain of center for lfe summation gain of center for lfe summation, low 0x34 bass redirection next incoming byte is the upper byte of gain of center for lfe summation table 32. command set summary command name command code command class description
command set KD16902 virtual surround processor 43 gain of front before output, high 0x35 bass redirection next incoming byte is the upper byte of gain of front before output gain of front before output, low 0x36 bass redirection next incoming byte is the lower byte of gain of front before output gain of rear before output, high 0x37 bass redirection next incoming byte is the upper byte of gain of rear before output gain of rear before output, low 0x38 bass redirection next incoming byte is the lower byte of gain of rear before output gain of center before output, high 0x39 bass redirection next incoming byte is the upper byte of gain of center before output gain of center before output, low 0x3a bass redirection next incoming byte is the lower byte of gain of center before output gain of lfe before output, high 0x3b bass redirection next incoming byte is the upper byte of gain of lfe before output gain of lfe before output, low 0x3c bass redirection next incoming byte is the lower byte of gain of lfe before output program memory configuration 0x3d memory configuration select program ram area, ram0_cfg[1:0], ram1_cfg[1:0] ram address, high 0x3e memory configuration next incoming byte is the upper byte of the data address for the user written code ram address, low 0x3f memory configuration next incoming byte is the lower byte of the data address for the user written code ram data, high 0x40 memory configuration next incoming byte is the upper byte of the user written code ram data, low 0x41 memory configuration next incoming byte is the lower byte of the user written code jump to program memory address, high 0x42 memory configuration next incoming byte is the upper byte of the start address of the user written program jump to program memory address, low 0x43 memory configuration next incoming byte is the lower byte of the start address of the user written program table 32. command set summary command name command code command class description
KD16902 virtual surround processor command set 44 command set description mode 1 format command class mode selection description change current mode to mode 1. mode 2 format command class mode selection description change current mode to mode 2. mode 3 format command class mode selection description change current mode to mode 3. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
command set KD16902 virtual surround processor 45 mode 4 format command class mode selection description change current mode to mode 4. mode 5 format command class mode selection description change current mode to mode 5. end of parameter setting format command class general description start use the new parameters for the current mode. this command is required after setting parameters for the current running mode. the parameters for other modes cannot be set during the current mode. 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0
KD16902 virtual surround processor command set 46 reset format command class general description returns to the waiting stage for mode selection. the parameter for all modes are reset to the default values. input channel mode format command class general description the data following the command specifies the input channel mode and the lfe flag. inch_mode[2:0] - input channel mode inch_mode[3] - lfe flag, 0 for lfe on and 1 for lfe off inch_mode[7:4] - reserved table 33. input channel mode inch_mode[2:0] input channel mode channels 000 not supported not supported 001 1/0 c 010 2/0 l, r 011 3/0 l, c, r 100 2/1 l, r, s 101 3/1 l, c, r, s 110 2/2 l, r, ls, rs 111 3/2 l, c, r, ls, rs 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 inch_mode
command set KD16902 virtual surround processor 47 output channel mode format command class general description the data following the command specifies the output channel mode. the format used for outch_mode[2:0] is same as that of inch_mode[2:0] outch_mode[2:0] - output channel mode outch_mode[7:3] - reserved table 34. output channel mode outch_mode[2:0] output channel mode channels 000 not supported not supported 001 1/0 c 010 2/0 l, r 011 3/0 l, c, r 100 2/1 l, r, s 101 3/1 l, c, r, s 110 2/2 l, r, ls, rs 111 3/2 l, c, r, ls, rs 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 outch_mode
KD16902 virtual surround processor command set 48 sampling frequency format command class general description the data following the command specifies the sampling frequency. samp_rate[1:0] - sampling rate samp_rate[7:2] - reserved table 35. sampling rate samp_rate[1:0] sampling rate 00 48 khz 01 44.1 khz 10 32 khz 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 samp_rate
command set KD16902 virtual surround processor 49 input data format format command class general description the data following the command specifies the input data resolution and the left/right justification indata_format[1:0] - input sample resolution indata_format[2] - input data left (1) / right (0) justification indata_format[7:3] - reserved table 36. input sample resolution indata_format[1:0] input data resolution 00 16 bit 01 18 bit 10 20 bit 11 24 bit 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 indata_format
KD16902 virtual surround processor command set 50 output data format format command class general description the data following the command specifies the output data resolution and the left/right justification. outdata_format[1:0] - output sample resolution outdata_format[2] - output data left (1) / right (0) justification outdata_format[7:3] - reserved input lrcc flag format command class general description the data following this command specifies the input l/r inversion flag. lrcc[0] - lrcc flag lrcc[7:1] - reserved table 37. output sample resolution outdata_format[1:0] output data resolution 00 16 bit 01 18 bit 10 20 bit 11 24 bit 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 outdata_format 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 lrcc
command set KD16902 virtual surround processor 51 bit format format command class general description the parameter following this command specifies the bit format to 32 fs, 48 fs, or 64 fs lrcc[1:0] - specifies the bit format lrcc[7:2] - reserved table 38. bit format bit_format[1:0] description 00 32 fs 01 48 fs 10 64 fs 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 bit_format
KD16902 virtual surround processor command set 52 scale dm format command class downmix description the parameter following this command specifies whether scale the audio signal to avoid overflow in downmixing. for default, the audio signal is not scaled. table 39. scale_dm scale_dm description 0x00 do not scale the audio signal. default value 0x01 scale the audio signal. table 40. amount of scaling for each input channel mode input channel mode scaling factor 1/0 1.0000 2/0 1.0000 3/0 0.5860 2/1 0.5860 3/1 0.4140 2/2 0.4140 3/2 0.3204 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 scale_dm
command set KD16902 virtual surround processor 53 audible area control, high format command class virtual surround description the parameter following this command is the upper byte of the audible area control parameter. the parameter con- trols range of audible area in which an user hears the surround effect. please refer to virtual surround part of func- tional description section for more detail. audible area control, low format command class virtual surround description the data following this command is the lower byte of the audible area control parameter. the parameter controls range of audible area in which an user hears the surround effect. please refer to virtual surround part of functional description section for more detail. filter switches format command class bass redirection description the data following this command specifies the on/off switches for filters in bass redirection function. filter_switch[4:0] - [f5, f4, f3, f2, f1] each represent on (1) / off (0) switch for the corresponding filter. please refer to figure 19 for more detail. filter_switch[7:5] - reserved 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 upper byte of the parameter 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 lower byte of the parameter 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 filter_switch
KD16902 virtual surround processor command set 54 lfe redirection switches format command class bass redirection description the data following this command specifies the switches for lfe redirection before output. lfe_redir[3:0] - [s4, s3, s2, s1] please refer to figure 19 for more detail. lfe_redir[7:3] - reserved gain of front for summation 1, high format command class bass redirection description the parameter following this command is the upper byte of the gain applied to the front signals before summation 1. please refer to bass redirection part of functional description section for more detail. table 41. lfe redirection switch lfe redirection switch description lfe_redir[0], s1 redirect the lfe signal to front channel before output lfe_redir[1], s2 redirect the lfe signal to rear channel before output lfe_redir[2], s3 redirect the lfe signal to center channel before output lfe_redir[3], s4 on/off switch for lfe output 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 lfe_redir 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 upper byte of the parameter
command set KD16902 virtual surround processor 55 gain of front for summation 1, low format command class bass redirection description the parameter following this command is the lower byte of the gain applied to the front signals before summation 1. please refer to bass redirection part of functional description section for more detail. gain of rear for summation 2, high format command class bass redirection description the parameter following this command is the upper byte of the gain applied to the rear signals before summation 2. please refer to bass redirection part of functional description section for more detail. gain of rear for summation 2, low format command class bass redirection description the parameter following this command is the lower byte of the gain applied to the rear signals before summation 2. please refer to bass redirection part of functional description section for more detail. 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 lower byte of the parameter 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 upper byte of the parameter 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 lower byte of the parameter
KD16902 virtual surround processor command set 56 gain of center for summation 3, high format command class bass redirection description the parameter following this command is the upper byte of the gain applied to the center signal before summation 3. please refer to bass redirection part of functional description section for more detail. gain of center for summation 3, low format command class bass redirection description the parameter following this command is the lower byte of the gain applied to the center signal before summation 3. please refer to bass redirection part of functional description section for more detail. gain of front for summation 4, high format command class bass redirection description the parameter following this command is the upper byte of the gain applied to the front signals before summation 4. please refer to bass redirection part of functional description section for more detail. 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 upper byte of the parameter 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 lower byte of the parameter 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 upper byte of the parameter
command set KD16902 virtual surround processor 57 gain of front for summation 4, low format command class bass redirection description the parameter following this command is the lower byte of the gain applied to the front signals before summation 4. please refer to bass redirection part of functional description section for more detail. gain of rear for summation 4, high format command class bass redirection description the parameter following this command is the upper byte of the gain applied to the rear signals before summation 4. please refer to bass redirection part of functional description section for more detail. gain of rear for summation 4, low format command class bass redirection description the parameter following this command is the lower byte of the gain applied to the rear signals before summation 4. please refer to bass redirection part of functional description section for more detail. 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 lower byte of the parameter 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 upper byte of the parameter 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 lower byte of the parameter
KD16902 virtual surround processor command set 58 gain of center for summation 4, high format command class bass redirection description the parameter following this command is the upper byte of the gain applied to the center signal before summation 4. please refer to bass redirection part of functional description section for more detail. gain of center for summation 4, low format command class bass redirection description the parameter following this command is the lower byte of the gain applied to the center signal before summation 4. please refer to bass redirection part of functional description section for more detail. gain of lpf output for summation 1, high format command class bass redirection description the parameter following this command is the upper byte of the gain applied to the lpf output before summation 1. please refer to bass redirection part of functional description section for more detail. 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 upper byte of the parameter 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 lower byte of the parameter 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 upper byte of the parameter
command set KD16902 virtual surround processor 59 gain of lpf output for summation 1, low format command class bass redirection description the parameter following this command is the lower byte of the gain applied to the lpf output before summation 1. please refer to bass redirection part of functional description section for more detail. gain of lpf output for summation 2, high format command class bass redirection description the parameter following this command is the upper byte of the gain applied to the lpf output before summation 2. please refer to bass redirection part of functional description section for more detail. gain of lpf output for summation 2, low format command class bass redirection description the parameter following this command is the lower byte of the gain applied to the lpf output before summation 2. please refer to bass redirection part of functional description section for more detail. 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 lower byte of the parameter 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 upper byte of the parameter 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 lower byte of the parameter
KD16902 virtual surround processor command set 60 gain of lpf output for summation 3, high format command class bass redirection description the parameter following this command is the upper byte of the gain applied to the lpf output before summation 3. please refer to bass redirection part of functional description section for more detail. gain of lpf output for summation 3, low format command class bass redirection description the parameter following this command is the lower byte of the gain applied to the lpf output before summation 3. please refer to bass redirection part of functional description section for more detail. gain of lfe for lfe summation, high format command class bass redirection description the parameter following this command is the upper byte of the gain applied to the lfe signal before lfe summa- tion. please refer to bass redirection part of functional description section for more detail. 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 upper byte of the parameter 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 lower byte of the parameter 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 upper byte of the parameter
command set KD16902 virtual surround processor 61 gain of lfe for lfe summation, low format command class bass redirection description the parameter following this command is the lower byte of the gain applied to the lfe signal before lfe summa- tion. please refer to bass redirection part of functional description section for more detail. gain of front for lfe summation, high format command class bass redirection description the parameter following this command is the upper byte of the gain applied to the front signals before lfe summa- tion. please refer to bass redirection part of functional description section for more detail. gain of front for lfe summation, low format command class bass redirection description the parameter following this command is the lower byte of the gain applied to the front signals before lfe summa- tion. please refer to bass redirection part of functional description section for more detail. 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 lower byte of the parameter 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 upper byte of the parameter 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 lower byte of the parameter
KD16902 virtual surround processor command set 62 gain of rear for lfe summation, high format command class bass redirection description the parameter following this command is the upper byte of the gain applied to the rear signals before lfe summa- tion. please refer to bass redirection part of functional description section for more detail. gain of rear for lfe summation, low format command class bass redirection description the parameter following this command is the lower byte of the gain applied to the rear signals before lfe summa- tion. please refer to bass redirection part of functional description section for more detail. gain of center for lfe summation, high format command class bass redirection description the parameter following this command is the upper byte of the gain applied to the center signal before lfe sum- mation. please refer to bass redirection part of functional description section for more detail. 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 upper byte of the parameter 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 lower byte of the parameter 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 upper byte of the parameter
command set KD16902 virtual surround processor 63 gain of center for lfe summation, low format command class bass redirection description the parameter following this command is the lower byte of the gain applied to the center signal before lfe summa- tion. please refer to bass redirection part of functional description section for more detail. gain of front before output, high format command class bass redirection description the parameter following this command is the upper byte of the gain applied to the front signals before output. please refer to bass redirection part of functional description section for more detail. gain of front before output, low format command class bass redirection description the parameter following this command is the lower byte of the gain applied to the front before output. please refer to bass redirection part of functional description section for more detail. 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 lower byte of the parameter 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 upper byte of the parameter 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 lower byte of the parameter
KD16902 virtual surround processor command set 64 gain of rear before output, high format command class bass redirection description the parameter following this command is the upper byte of the gain applied to the rear signals before output. please refer to bass redirection part of functional description section for more detail. gain of rear before output, low format command class bass redirection description the parameter following this command is the lower byte of the gain applied to the rear signals before output. please refer to bass redirection part of functional description section for more detail. gain of center before output, high format command class bass redirection description the parameter following this command is the upper byte of the gain applied to the center signal before output. please refer to bass redirection part of functional description section for more detail. 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 upper byte of the parameter 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 lower byte of the parameter 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 upper byte of the parameter
command set KD16902 virtual surround processor 65 gain of center before output, low format command class bass redirection description the parameter following this command is the lower byte of the gain applied to the center signal before output. please refer to bass redirection part of functional description section for more detail. gain of lfe before output, high format command class bass redirection description the parameter following this command is the upper byte of the gain applied to the lfe signal before output. please refer to bass redirection part of functional description section for more detail. gain of lfe before output, low format command class bass redirection description the parameter following this command is the lower byte of the gain applied to the lfe signal before output. please refer to bass redirection part of functional description section for more detail. 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 lower byte of the parameter 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 upper byte of the parameter 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 lower byte of the parameter
KD16902 virtual surround processor command set 66 program memory configuration format command class memory configuration description configure internal ram into data memory and program memory. each bank is divided into data memory and pro- gram memory according to the parameter following the command. ram_config[1:0] - used for configuring ram0 ram_config[3:2] - used for configuring ram1 table 43. memory configuration for ram1 using ram_config[3:2] table 42. memory configuration for ram0 using ram_config[1:0] ram_config[1:0] data memory program memory 00 pages 0, 1, 2, and 3 - 01 pages 0, 1, and 2 page 3 10 pages 0 and 1 pages 2 and 3 11 page 0 pages 1, 2, and 3 ram_config[3:2] data memory program memory 00 pages 0, 1, 2, 3 - 01 pages 0, 1, and 2 page 3 10 pages 0 and 1 pages 2 and 3 11 page 0 pages 1, 2, and 3 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 ram_config
command set KD16902 virtual surround processor 67 ram address, high format command class memory configuration description the parameter following this command is used for constructing address of user written code. its bit 1 and bit 0 is the two most significant bits of the address. the data address, which is in 10 bits, is used for downloading. the bit 7 is used for selecting the bank. after receiving the complete address and the code, the KD16902 downloads the user written code into the internal ram at the address. ram address, low format command class memory configuration description the parameter following this command contains the lower 8 bits of the address of an user written code. the data address, which is in 10 bits, is used for downloading. after receiving the code, the KD16902 downloads the user written code into the internal ram at the address. ram data, high format command class memory configuration description the parameter following the code is the upper byte of the user written code which is to be downloaded. the user written code is downloaded into the internal ram at the address defined by ram address, high and ram address, low. 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 bits 9 and 8 of the address 0: ram0 1: ram1 don't care 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 lower byte of the parameter 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 upper byte of the parameter
KD16902 virtual surround processor command set 68 ram data, low format command class memory configuration description the parameter following the code is the lower byte of the user written code which is to be downloaded. the user written code is downloaded into the internal ram at the address defined by ram address, high and ram address, low. jump to program memory address, high format command class memory configuration description the parameter following the code is the upper byte of the starting address of the user written codes. the address is program address. after constructing the address with the lower byte part, the KD16902 loads the starting address into pc. then, the KD16902 starts execute the user written program. jump to program memory address, low format command class memory configuration description the parameter following the code is the lower byte of the starting address of the user written codes. the address is program address. after constructing the address with the lower byte part, the KD16902 loads the starting address into pc. then, the KD16902 starts execute the user written program. 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 lower byte of the parameter 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 upper byte of the parameter 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 lower byte of the parameter
electrical characteristics KD16902 virtual surround processor 69 5 electrical characteristics table 44. absolute maximum ratings characteristics symbol value unit dc supply voltage v dd - 0.3 to 7.0 v input / output voltage v i / v o -0.3 to v dd + 0.3 v storage temperature t stg plastic; -40 to + 125 o c table 45. recommended operating conditions characteristics symbol value unit dc supply voltage v dd commercial; 4.75 to 5.25 v input / output voltage v i / v o 0 to v dd v operating temperature t opr commercial; 0 to 70 o c table 46. dc characteristics (v dd =4.75 to 5.25(v), ta=25( o c)) characteristics symbol condition min type max unit input voltage high v ih cmos .7 v dd - - v input voltage low v il cmos - - .3 v dd v output voltage high v oh i oh = -1 ma 2.4 - - v output voltage low v ol i ol = 1 ma - - 0.4 v operating current i dd x1=16.9mhz - - 200 ma
KD16902 virtual surround processor electrical characteristics 70 figure 25. system clock and reset pulse timing table 47. system clock and reset pulse characteristics ac characteristics symbol min typ max system clock width t cki 33.87mhz 50ppm system clock pulse width high t ckih 0.45*t cki - 0.55*t cki system clock pulse width low t ckil 0.45*t cki - 0.55*t cki system clock rise and fall time t ckir , t ckif - 3ns - reset pulse width low during normal operation t resb 100ns - - reset pulse width low after system power-on 1ms - - t ckih t ckil t cki t ckir t ckif 90% 90% 10% 10% t resb cki resb
electrical characteristics KD16902 virtual surround processor 71 figure 26. serial host interface timing table 48. serial host interface characteristics ac characteristics symbol min typ max hwen setup to first hbck edge t hwens 10 ns - - hwen hold to last hbck edge t hwenh 10 ns - - hbck pulse width high t hbckh 50 ns - - hbck pulse width low t hbckl 50 ns - - shi input set-up time t shis 10 ns - - shi input hold time t shih 10 ns - - hwen wait time t wait 1000ns - - t hbckh t hbckl hbck t hwens hwen t wait t hwenh first last t shis t shih shi
KD16902 virtual surround processor electrical characteristics 72 figure 27. serial audio input timing @ ibcc=0 table 49. serial audio input characteristics ac characteristics symbol min typ max bcki falling edge to lrcki edge t lrcki1 0 ns - t bckih - 10 ns t lrcki2 0 ns - t bckil - 10 ns bcki pulse width high t bckih 50 ns - - bcki pulse width low t bckil 50 ns - - data input set-up time t dis 30 ns - - data input hold time t dih 30 ns - - t bckih t bckil bcki lrcki data n-1 data n+1 sflri or data n t dis t dih srlri or scsi t lrcki2 t lrcki1
electrical characteristics KD16902 virtual surround processor 73 figure 28. serial audio output timing @ obcc=0 table 50. serial audio output characteristics ac characteristics symbol min typ max bcko falling edge to lrcko edge t lrcko1 0 ns - t bckoh - 10 ns t lrcko2 0 ns - t bckol - 10 ns bcko pulse width high t bckoh 50 ns - - bcko pulse width low t bckol 50 ns - - data output set-up time t dos 30 ns - - data output hold time t doh 30 ns - - t bckoh t bckol bcko lrcko data n-1 data n+1 sflro or data n t dos t doh srlro or scso or svlro t lrcko2 t lrcko1
KD16902 virtual surround processor evaluation board diagram 74 6 evaluation board diagram figure 29. KD16902 evaluation board diagram vcc vcc vcc vcc vcc vcc vcc vcc vcc vcc vcc vcc vcc vcc vcc vcc vcc vcc vcc vcc vcc vcc vcc vcc vcc vcc vcc vcc csw input rlr input flr input 64qfp KD16902 flr out csw out vcr out rlr out power sw 16.9344mhz osc crystal osc sout1 bck lrck lrck sout2 sout3 sout1 sout2 sout3 rstb sflro scso srlro hdata hwen hck hdata hck hwen sflro srlro scso svlro svlro dack dack rstb rstb rstb dack rstb dack dack rstb rstb rstb rstb 0.1uf 470pf 470pf 1uf 1uf 10nf 10nf 1uf 2.2nf 300r 1uf 2.2nf 300r 1uf 2.2nf 10uf + 1k 1k 10uf + 2.2nf 300r 1uf c47 2.2nf 300r 1uf 2.2nf 300r 1uf 2.2nf 300r 1uf 2.2nf 10uf + 1k r15 1k 10uf + 2.2nf 10uf + 1k r18 1k 10uf + 2.2nf 10uf + 1k 1k 10uf + 470pf 470pf 1 3 4 2 5 1 3 4 2 5 1 3 4 2 5 ad1877_adc lrck 1 wclk 2 bclk 3 dvdd1 4 dgnd1 5 rdedge 6 s/mb 7 384/256b 8 avdd 9 vinl 10 capl1 11 capl2 12 agnd 13 vrefl 14 clkin 28 tag 27 sout 26 dvdd2 25 dgnd2 24 resetb 23 msbdlyb 22 rljust 21 agnd 20 vinr 19 capr1 18 capr2 17 agndr 16 vrefr 15 0.1uf 4.7uf 0.1uf 1uf 10nf 1uf 0.1uf 10nf 1uf 0.1uf 470pf 470pf 470pf 4.7uf 0.1uf 4.7uf 4.7uf 470pf 10nf 1uf 10nf 1uf 0.1uf 1uf 470pf 470pf 0.1uf 4.7uf 470pf 4.7uf 0.1uf 470pf 100r 100r 20p 20p 1 2 3 4 13 12 11 10 74hc14 1 2 2r 12.288mhz g 7 vdd 14 o 8 13 12 5 6 ad1877_adc lrck 1 wclk 2 bclk 3 dvdd1 4 dgnd1 5 rdedge 6 s/mb 7 384/256b 8 avdd 9 vinl 10 capl1 11 capl2 12 agnd 13 vrefl 14 clkin 28 tag 27 sout 26 dvdd2 25 dgnd2 24 resetb 23 msbdlyb 22 rljust 21 agnd 20 vinr 19 capr1 18 capr2 17 agndr 16 vrefr 15 ad1877_adc lrck 1 wclk 2 bclk 3 dvdd1 4 dgnd1 5 rdedge 6 s/mb 7 384/256b 8 avdd 9 vinl 10 capl1 11 capl2 12 agnd 13 vrefl 14 clkin 28 tag 27 sout 26 dvdd2 25 dgnd2 24 resetb 23 msbdlyb 22 rljust 21 agnd 20 vinr 19 capr1 18 capr2 17 agndr 16 vrefr 15 ad1859_dac cmout 1 deemp 2 empl 3 outl 4 nc 5 agnd 6 mute 7 18/16b 8 idpm0 9 idpm1 10 pd/rstb 11 sdata 12 lrclk 13 bclk 14 filt 28 fgnd 27 empr 26 outr 25 nc 24 avdd 23 nc 22 clatch 21 cdata 20 cclk 19 dgnd 18 dvdd 17 xtali/mclk 16 xtalo 15 ad1859_dac cmout 1 deemp 2 empl 3 outl 4 nc 5 agnd 6 mute 7 18/16b 8 idpm0 9 idpm1 10 pd/rstb 11 sdata 12 lrclk 13 bclk 14 filt 28 fgnd 27 empr 26 outr 25 nc 24 avdd 23 nc 22 clatch 21 cdata 20 cclk 19 dgnd 18 dvdd 17 xtali/mclk 16 xtalo 15 ad1859_dac cmout 1 deemp 2 empl 3 outl 4 nc 5 agnd 6 mute 7 18/16b 8 idpm0 9 idpm1 10 pd/rstb 11 sdata 12 lrclk 13 bclk 14 filt 28 fgnd 27 empr 26 outr 25 nc 24 avdd 23 nc 22 clatch 21 cdata 20 cclk 19 dgnd 18 dvdd 17 xtali/mclk 16 xtalo 15 11 10 3 4 9 8 2r 2r KD16902 sflri 1 srlri 2 scsi 3 lrcki 4 bcki 5 ibcc 6 lrcko 7 vdd 8 gnd 9 bcko 10 obcc 11 sflro 12 srlro 13 scso 14 svlro 15 gnd 16 vdd 17 usr0 18 usr1 19 xi 20 xo 21 gnd 22 vdd 23 cki 24 cksel 25 shi 26 hwen 27 hbck 28 resb 29 int0 30 int1 31 int2 32 ext0 33 ext1 34 ext2 35 ext3 36 ext4 37 ext5 38 ext6 39 ext7 40 vdd 41 gnd 42 ext8 43 ext9 44 ext10 45 ext11 46 ext12 47 ext13 48 ext14 49 ext15 50 tdo 51 tea2 64 tea1 63 tea0 62 tesb 61 trwb 60 tphi2 59 gnd 58 vdd 57 ste/sft 56 capck 55 upck 54 tdi 53 tms 52 33.8688mhz g 4 vdd 8 o 5 jp3 1 2 3 1 2 3 con10a 1 3 5 7 9 2 4 6 8 10 0.1uf 10uf + 10uf + 0.1uf 2.2nf 10uf + 0.1uf 2r 0.1uf 10uf + 27mhz g 4 vdd 8 o 5 10uf + 0.1uf 1 3 4 2 5 1 3 4 2 5 1 3 4 2 5 1 3 4 2 5 0.1uf 10uf + 2.2nf 0.1uf 10uf + 2r 10uf + 0.1uf 10uf + 0.1uf ad1859_dac cmout 1 deemp 2 empl 3 outl 4 nc 5 agnd 6 mute 7 18/16b 8 idpm0 9 idpm1 10 pd/rstb 11 sdata 12 lrclk 13 bclk 14 filt 28 fgnd 27 empr 26 outr 25 nc 24 avdd 23 nc 22 clatch 21 cdata 20 cclk 19 dgnd 18 dvdd 17 xtali/mclk 16 xtalo 15 0.1uf 10uf + 2.2nf 0.1uf 10uf + 2r 10uf + 0.1uf 0.1uf 10uf + 10uf + 0.1uf 2.2nf 2r 0.1uf 10uf + 10uf + 0.1uf r23 2.7k s3 sw 0.1uf 10uf + 0.1uf 0.1uf 0.1uf 0.1uf 0.1uf 5 6 9 8

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