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January 1993
PBD 3545/1 Universal Sink Driver
Description
PBD 3545/1 is a bipolar universal high-current highly-protected low side driver with transparent input and 2 A continuous-current sink capability. A high-level input activates the output. The driver is equipped with extensive electrical protection, such as overcurrent protection and thermal protection, which makes the device viritually indestructible. Furthermore it can detect open circuit and short circuit to ground. A special feature is the Error indicating output function pin which signals to the host system if the protection or the load check functions is activated. Typical loads are solenoids, relays or resistive loads. The PBD 3545/1 and PBD 3548/1 are complementary drivers and have similar data.
Key Features
* 2 A continuous-output current * Short circuit to VCC protection * Error signal to host system * Open circuit detection * Short circuit to ground detection * Thermal protection * Built-in protection diodes * LS-TTL, CMOS, and supply voltage compatible input * ESD protected * 5-pin TO-220 package, or 28-lead power PLCC with lead-frame for heatsinking through PC board copper.
Supply Output
Input
Thermal protection QS R 4 [7] Short-circuit to Vcc protection h Short-circuit to GND detection Open circuit detection [1-3,9,13-17,26,28]
[27] (PLCC only)
PWR GND
Error
TO-220 5-pin package 28-pin PLCC package Figure 1. Block Diagram. Pin number in brackets refer to PLCC package.
1
35 PB 45 D /1
D B /1 P 45 35
PBD 3545/1 To logic 5 [5]
Voltage reference
1 [21]
PBD 3545/1
Maximum Ratings
Parameter Pin no. Symbol Min Max Unit
Voltage Supply voltage Logic input voltage Current Logic input current Continuous DC Operation output current Error output current Temperature Operating junction temperature (internally limited) Storage temperature Power Dissipation (Package Data) Power dissipation at TCase = 85C, TO-220 package Power dissipation at TCase = 85C, PLCC package ESD ESD tolerance (Note 2)
1 [21] 5 [5] 5 [5] 2 [24] 4 [7]
VCC VIN IIN IOUT IERR TJ TS PD PD
0 -0.3 -10
45 VCC
V V mA A mA C C W W V
2.0 10 +140 +150 11 5 2000
-55
Recommended Operating Conditions
Parameter Symbol Min Typ Max Unit
Supply voltage Output current Operating ambient temperature Error output current
VCC IOUT TA IErr
4.75 -40 5
40 2.0 +85 8
V A C mA
ON
Supply voltage
High Input level Low VCC Output voltage 50 %
I CC
Supply
PBD 3545/1
I IN I IH I IL VIN VIH V IL I Err
Error Input
I OUT I OS I OMIN I OL
Output
Load
90 % 50 % 10 %
t of
+
t phl
Fault Detector
C1
OFF High
GND PWR GND
Input level
50 % Low
VSAT Err
VCE SAT
VCC
VCC Output voltage 90 % 50 % 10 %
t or t plh
Figure 2. Definition of symbols.
Figure 3. Timing diagram, input vs. output. VCC = 24V.
2
PBD 3545/1
Electrical Characteristics
At 5 V VCC 40 V, -40C TJ +100C. Typical values are given at VCC = 24 V, TJ = 25C.
Parameter Symbol Ref. fig. Conditions Min Typ Max Unit
General Supply currrent Thermal shutdown Thermal shutdown release Logic input High level input voltage Low level input voltage High level input current Low level input current Outputs Error output saturation voltage Output saturation voltage Output current shutdown Output current (not detected as open circuit) Output leakage current Clamping diode forward voltage Timing Propagation time Output high to low (50%), Output low to high (50%), Rise time (10 to 90%), Fall time (90 to 10%),
ICC TJS TJSR VIH VIL IIH IIH VErr SAT VCE SAT IOS IOMIN IOL
2,7
0 VIN 0.8
1.5 +120 +110 2.0 -0.3
4 +130 +120
7 +140 +130 VCC 0.8 20
mA C C V V A A V V A mA A V
2 2 2,9 2,9
2.0 VIN VCC 0 VIN 0.8
9 -400 0.2 1.4 3.2 2 -6 1.5
2,10 IErr = 5 mA 2,11 IOUT = 2 A 2,5,14 2.0 VIN VCC 2,5 2.0 VIN VCC 2,12 8 3 0 V VIN 0.8 V. Output = 0 V IF = 2.0 A IOUT = 2 A
2.0 0.5 -8
1 1.8 4.5 8 -2 1.8
tphl tplh tor tof
3 3
1.5 0.5 0.2 0.2
3.0 1.0 0.5 0.5
s s s s
Thermal Charateristics
Parameter Symbol Ref. fig. Conditions Min Typ Max Unit
Thermal resistance
Rth J-C Rth J-A Rth J-BW Rth J-A
21 21 20 20,22
TO-220 package, junction to case TO-220 package, junction to ambient PLCC package, junction to batwing, note 4 PLCC package, note 3.
5 60 10 35
C/W C/W C/W C/W
Notes: 1. Currents are defined positive if flowing into, and negative if flowing out of a terminal. Voltages are defined between terminal and ground. 2. ESD testing according to Human Body Model (CZap = 100 pF, RZap = 1500 ) 3. All ground pins soldered onto a 20 cm2 PCB copper area with free air convection, TA = +25C. 4. Batwing = Ground pins.
3
PBD 3545/1
PWR GND
27
GND
GND
GND
28
GND
5 4 3 2 1
Input Error Ground Output Supply +
PBD 3545/1N
26
4
3
2
1
GND
NC
Input 5 NC 6 Error 7 NC 8 GND 9 NC 10 NC 11
25 24 23
NC Output NC NC Supply NC NC
PBD 3545/1QN
22 21 20 19
NC 12
GND 13
GND 14
GND 15
GND 16
GND 17
Figure 4. Pin descriptions.
Pin Description
TO-220 PLCC Symbol Description
1 2 3
[21] [24]
Supply Output
Supply voltage. Nominally 5 V to 40 V. Output pin. Current flows from supply through the load into the pin. Nominal current is 8 mA to 2 A. Ground supply. Note: for PLCC these pins are used thermally for heat sinking. Make sure that all pins are soldered onto a suitably large copper ground for efficient heat sinking. Power ground pin. In the PLCC package, the emitter of the output transistor including the protection diode are bonded to a separate pin. Error indicating pin. Sinks current to ground if the protection and/or detection circuitry is activated. Note: the current must be externally limited to 8 mA. TTL compatible input. A LOW input signal turns the output transistor off and a HIGH input turns it on. If the input is left open it will be detected as low level. No connection. Pins are not bonded to the chip and may therefore be soldered to any PC board trace for efficient heat sinking.
Output voltage
4 5 NC
[1-3,9, GND 13-17,26,28] [27] PWR GND [7] Error [5] Input
[4,6,8,10-12 18-20,22,23,25]
Output voltage Vcc
PBD 3545/1
Active output Overload or short circuit to Vcc Error
PBD 3545/1
Inactive output
100% Vcc Normal operation
Short circuit protection
3.5 V Undefined area
70% Vcc Undefined area 50% Vcc
Undefined area
Open circuit
2.1 V
Normal operation
Undefined area Short circuit to GND error
Undefined area
0.6 V 0.2 V IOMIN
Short circuit to GND Error
Output current
I OS (min 2 A, max 4.5 A)
(min 0.5 mA, max 8 mA)
0% V cc
Figure 5. Error state vs. output voltage and output current, active output (2.0 VIN VCC), 5 V < VCC < 40 V, - 40C 4
Figure 6. Error state vs. output voltage, inactive output (0 V VIN 0.8 V), 5 V VCC 40 V, - 40C < TJ < +100C.
NC 18
PBD 3545/1
Typical Performance Characeristics
I cc (mA)
10
I F (A)
I IN (A)
20
-40C T J 100 C
8
2.0
T J = 25C
1.6
-40C T J 100 C
16
6
1.2
12
4
0.8
8
2
0.4
4
0
0
10
20
30
40
Vcc (V)
50
0
0
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
2.0
0
0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
VF (V)
VIN (V)
2.5
Figure 7. Current consumption vs. supply voltage at 0 V Vin 0.8 V. (Inactive output)
I ERR (mA)
20
Figure 8. Diode forward voltage drop vs. forward current.
Figure 9. Input current vs. input voltage. 5 V VCC 40 V.
I OUT (A)
5
I OL (A)
-20
16
T J = 25C
T J = 25C
4
-16
12
3
-12
-40C T J 100 C
8
2
-8
4
1
-4
0
0
0
2
4
6
8
10
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
2.0
2.4
0
VERR (V)
VCE SAT (V)
0
10
20
30
40
VCC (V)
50
Figure 10. Error output saturation voltage vs. error current. VCC = 24 V.
Figure 11. Output saturation voltage vs. output current. 5 V < VCC < 40 V.
Figure 12. Output leakage current vs. supply voltage. 0 V VIN 0.8 V. Output = 0 V.
PDIS (W)
6 5
I OS (A)
5
4
4
3
3 2
2
1 0
1
913042
0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
I OUT (A)
2.5
3.0
0
-40
-20
0
20
40
TJ (C)
60
80
100
120
Figure 13. Power dissipation vs. output current.
Figure 14. Typical output current shut-down vs. chip temperature. 5 V VCC 40 V.
5
PBD 3545/1
Functional Description
The circuit PBD 3545/1 is a low side driver capable of driving resistive or inductive loads not exceeding 2 A. The driver has an error indicating function which generates an Error output signal when a fault condition has occurred. The circuits PBD 3545/1 and PBD 3548/1 are complementary drivers with equivalent functions and similar data. PDB 3545/1 is a sink driver and PBD 3548/1 is a source driver. Input stage The output stage is switched on and off according to the status of the input. HIGH level activates the output. If the input is left open, the circuit will accept it as a LOW level. Output stage The output stage contains a power transistor and two clamping diodes. The diodes are used for terminating line transients from inductive loads. If the driver is inactive and the output is shorted to GND the driver will leak maximum 8 A. See figure 12. Protection circutry The circuit contains two protection circuits: * Overload and Short circuit protection * Thermal protection The overload and short circuit protection will be activated at Iout= 3.5 A typically at TJ= +25C, see figure 14. The output will be turned off immediately and latched to a high-impedance state after an overload or short circuit has been detected. A logic-level change at the input will reset the internal error latch. If the fault still is present at turn-on, the circuit will once again turn the output off. Due to a slight delay in the circuit, a high current transient will occur when the output is shorted to Vcc. This current transient may reach 8 A during 5 s. Consequently, switching at high frequencies with a shorted output may destroy the circuit. If a short circuit condition is detected, stop switching the input and remove fault condition. Thermal protection The output of PDB 3545/1 is equipped with a thermal shut-down function, which limits the junction temperature to typically +130C. The output will be turned off until the junction temperature has decreased to approximately 120C. Error functions The Error indicating signal occurs on a separate pin. The complete error table is shown in figure 17. The following conditions generate an error signal: When the driver is activated and at least one of the following conditions has occurred:
1 [21]
I Ref
2 [24]
VCC
5 [5] Input
Output
[27] PWR GND
(PLCC only)
3
GND
3 [1-3,9,1317,26,28]
[1-3,9,1317,26,28]
GND
Figure 15. Input stage.
Fault condition Input Output
Figure 16. Output stage.
Error LOW=ERROR HIGH=Normal How to resume normal operation
Normal VOUT Short to GND VOUT Short to VCC Open load Over temperature TJ=130 C
0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
LOW HIGH LOW HIGH LOW HIGH LOW HIGH LOW HIGH
1 OFF 0 ON 1 OFF 0 ON 1 OFF 1 OFF 1 OFF 0 ON 1 OFF 1 OFF
1 HIGH 1 HIGH 0 LOW 0 LOW 1 HIGH 0 LOW 1 HIGH 0 LOW 1 HIGH 0 LOW
---- ---- Remove fault condition. Remove fault condition. ---- Turn off and on after fault condition is removed. ---- Attach proper load to output or turn off the driver. ---- Temperature is reduced to approx 120C, or turn off the driver.
Figure 17. Error table.
6
PBD 3545/1
* * * * thermal overload short circuit to GND short circuit to VCC open circuit
VIN VOUT
An output current less than 8 mA might be detected as "open circuit". Output currents larger than 8 mA and less than 2 A will definitely not generate an error. The normal operational area is shown in figure 5. Also when the driver is inactivated an Error indication can occur. That is if the output is shorted to GND. In figure 6 short circuit to GND Error state versus output voltage is shown. When the Error-detection function is activated, the Error output is capable of sinking 8 mA, supporting direct connection of an LED. The current has to be externally limited by a series resistor. Signal diagrams The signal diagram in figure 18 shows the input signal and the resulting output signals for each error mode. For details, se error table, figure 17. VIN = Input voltage. Active = HIGH. VOUT = Output voltage. IOUT = Output current from driver. VERR = Error output voltage. Error = LOW.
*
I OUT VErr
>130 <120
Normal operation
Overload or Short circuit Open circuit Over short circuit to GND Undefined temperature level
*
Figure 18. Signal diagram.
+5V R1 R 2 5 k
5 [5] PBD 3545/1 To logic
Vcc
Voltage reference 1 [21]
Load
Output
Input TTL, LS-TTL, CMOS P, controller
4 [7] QS R Thermal protection + Short-circuit to Vcc protection h Short-circuit to GND detection Open circuit detection PWR GND
(PLCC only)
Applications Information
Important application areas are: * * * * * * * * * * Programmable logic control systems. Security systems. Relay control. Hydraulic valves. Intelligent interfaces between microprocessors and loads. Vehicle control systems. Robot techniques. Dashboard information systems. Print head drivers. High-current stepper motor drivers with security aspects.
Error
Transient protection 1. Keep VCC and GND leads as short as possible. 2. Connect a filter capacitor close to the circuit. Recommended filter capacitor between VCC and GND is 6.8 F, of tantalum type. A ceramic capacitor in
Figure 19. Typical application. Pin numbers refer to TO 220 package. parallel will improve high frequency 4. If several supply voltages are to be decoupling. Typical values range from used, prefere a supply having separate 0.002 F to 0.1 F. In an application ground leads. In this case the logic having a highly stable supply and short ground and the power ground should be power leads to the driver a low leakage connected together at only one point, electrolytic type can be used, which is the ground pin of the driver. less expensive. Switch mode applications 3. Connect Input and Error via pull-up resistors to the appropriate logic supply The internal diodes are normally level or VCC to obtain highest noise sufficient for clamping of transients immunity. Se figure 19. The resistor R1 caused by inductive load turn off. limits the current into the Error indicating External diodes may be necessary in pin. This current must not exeed 8 mA. PWM/switch mode applications, and R2 is a pull-up resistor which improves when the terminals are externally noise immunity at the Input. Pull-up accessible and thereby exposed to an current should not exeed the sinking electrically noisy environment. Recomcapacity of the controlling device output. mended diodes are BYV27/100, BYV98/100, UF4001 or similar types with a trr < 100 ns and IF 1 A.
7
PBD 3545/1
Error indication signal
Maximum allowable power dissipation [W] PLCC Package
6
Maximum allowable power dissipation [W] TO 220 Package
6
5
5 b c
4 a 3
4
*
b
*
3 a
2
2
When the circuit is switched on/off, a short pulse (tErr <10 S for resistive loads) is generated at the Error output. This is a correct detection of an incorrect level during the rise and fall times of the output voltage. Consequently the Error output should not be detected when switching on and off. An alternative is to low-pass filter at the Error output at around 100 kHz. Heat sinking PBD 3545/1N is packaged in a 5-pin TO 220 power package. The circuit GND is connected to the heat sink tab. External heatsinking is achieved by mounting the package to a heat sink. The circuit is also avaible in a 28 pin power PLCC package. In the PLCC package the circuit ground is connected to the lead frame batwing. External heatsinking is achieved by soldering the ground leads onto a copper ground plane. Note: The power ground pin (PWR GND) should also be connected to the ground plane. Maximum continuous output current is heavily dependant on the heatsinking applied and ambient temperature. Consult figures 13, 20, 21 and 22 to determine the maximum output current under varying conditions.
1
1
0 -40
-20
0
20 40 60 80 Temperature [C]
100 120 140
0 -40
-20
0
20 40 60 80 Temperature [C]
100 120 140
a. Ambient temperature. Rth J-A =35C/W. b. Batwing pin temperature. Rth J-C =10C/W. All ground pins soldered onto a 20 cm2 PCB copper area with free air convection.
a. Ambient temperature. No heatsink. RthJ-A =60C/W. b. Mounted on heatsink. Rth J-A =20C/W @ 4W. c. Case temperature. Rth J-C =5C/W.
Figure 20. Maximum allowable power dissipation. PLCC package.
Thermal resistance [C/W]
80
Figure 21. Maximum allowable power dissipation. TO 220 package.
70
60
50
40
30
20 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
PCB copper foil area [cm 2 ]
PLCC package
Figure 22. Typical thermal resistance vs. PC board copper area and suggested layout.
Information given in this data sheet is believed to be accurate and reliable. However no responsibility is assumed for the consequences of its use nor for any infringement of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Ericsson Components. These products are sold only according to Ericsson Components' general conditions of sale, unless otherwise confirmed in writing.
Ordering Information
Package Temp. range Part No.
TO-220 PLCC
-40 to +85C -40 to +85C
PBD 3545/1N PBD 3545/1QN
Specifications subject to change without notice. 1522-PBD 3545/1 Uen Rev.B (c) Ericsson Components 1993
Ericsson Components AB S-164 81 Kista-Stockholm, Sweden Telephone: (08) 757 50 00 8

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