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Section I. MAX II Device Family Data Sheet
This section provides designers with the data sheet specifications for MAX(R) II devices. The chapters contain feature definitions of the internal architecture, Joint Test Action Group (JTAG) and in-system programmability (ISP) information, DC operating conditions, AC timing parameters, and ordering information for MAX II devices. This section includes the following chapters:

Chapter 1. Introduction Chapter 2. MAX II Architecture Chapter 3. JTAG & In-System Programmability Chapter 4. Hot Socketing & Power-On Reset in MAX II Devices Chapter 5. DC & Switching Characteristics Chapter 6. Reference & Ordering Information
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Section I-1 Preliminary
Revision History
MAX II Device Handbook
Revision History
The table below shows the revision history for Chapters 1 through 6. Chapter(s)
1
Date/Version
Changes Made
December 2004, v1.2 Updated timing numbers in Table 1. June 2004, v1.1 Updated timing numbers in Table 1.
2
December 2004, v1.2 Added a paragraph to page 2-15. June 2004, v1.1 Added CFM acronym. Corrected Figure 2-19.
3
December 2004, v1.2 Updated text on pages 3-5 to 3-8. June 2004, v1.1 Corrected Figure 3-1. Added CFM acronym.
4
December 2004, v1.2 Added content to Power-Up Characteristics section. Updated Figure 4-5. June 2004, v1.1 Corrected Figure 4-2.
5
December 2004, v1.2 Updated timing tables 5-2, 5-4, 5-12, and tables 15-14 through 5-34. Table 5-31 is new. June 2004, v1.1 Updated timing tables 5-15 through 5-32. Initial Release.
6
March 2004, v1.0
Section I-2 Preliminary
Altera Corporation
Chapter 1. Introduction
MII51001-1.2
Introduction
The MAX(R) II family of instant-on, non-volatile CPLDs is based on a 0.18-m, 6-layer-metal-flash process, with densities from 240 to 2,210 logic elements (LEs) (128 to 2,210 equivalent macrocells) and non-volatile storage of 8 Kbits. MAX II devices offer high I/O counts, fast performance, and reliable fitting versus other CPLD architectures. Featuring MultiVoltTM core, a user flash memory (UFM) block, and enhanced in-system programmability (ISP), MAX II devices are designed to reduce cost and power while providing programmable solutions for applications such as bus bridging, I/O expansion, power-on reset (POR) and sequencing control, and device configuration control. The following shows the main sections of the MAX II CPLD Family Data Sheet: Section Page
Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2 Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1 Logic Array Blocks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-4 Logic Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7 MultiTrack Interconnect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15 Global Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-20 User Flash Memory Block. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-23 MultiVolt Core . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-27 I/O Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-28 IEEE Std. 1149.1 (JTAG) Boundary Scan Support . . . . . . . . . . 3-1 In System Programmability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4 Hot Socketing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1 Power-On Reset Circuitry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6 Operating Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1 Power Consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8 Timing Model & Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8 Device Pin-Outs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1 Ordering Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1
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1-1 Preliminary
Features
Features

Low-cost, low-power CPLD Instant-on, non-volatile architecture Standby current as low as 2 mA Provides fast propagation delay and clock-to-output times Provides four global clocks with two clocks available per logic array block (LAB) UFM block up to 8 Kbits for non-volatile storage MultiVolt core enabling external supply voltages to the device of either 3.3 V/2.5 V or 1.8 V MultiVolt I/O interface supporting 3.3-V, 2.5-V, 1.8-V, and 1.5-V logic levels Bus-friendly architecture including programmable slew rate, drive strength, bus-hold, and programmable pull-up resistors Schmitt triggers enabling noise tolerant inputs (programmable per pin) Fully compliant with the Peripheral Component Interconnect Special Interest Group (PCI SIG) PCI Local Bus Specification, Revision 2.2 for 3.3-V operation at 33 MHz Supports hot-socketing Built-in Joint Test Action Group (JTAG) boundary-scan test (BST) circuitry compliant with IEEE Std. 1149.1-1990 ISP circuitry compliant with IEEE Std. 1532
Table 1-1 shows MAX II device features.
Table 1-1. MAX II Device Features Feature
LEs Typical Equivalent Macrocells Equivalent Macrocell Range UFM Size (bits) Maximum User I/O pins tPD1 (ns) (1) fCNT (MHz) (2) tSU (ns) tCO (ns) Notes to Table 1-1:
(1) (2) tPD1 represents a pin-to-pin delay for the worst case I/O placement with a full diagonal path across the device and combinational logic implemented in a single LUT and LAB that is adjacent to the output pin. The maximum frequency is limited by the I/O standard on the clock input pin. The 16-bit counter critical delay will run faster than this number.
EPM240
240 192 128 to 240 8,192 80 4.7 304 2.0 4.4
EPM570
570 440 240 to 570 8,192 160 5.5 304 1.8 4.5
EPM1270
1,270 980 570 to 1,270 8,192 212 6.3 304 1.8 4.6
EPM2210
2,210 1,700 1,270 to 2,210 8,192 272 7.1 304 1.8 4.7
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Introduction
1
For more information on equivalent macrocells, refer to the MAX II Logic Element to Macrocell Conversion Methodology white paper.
MAX II devices are available in three speed grades: -3, -4, -5 with -3 being the fastest. These speed grades represent overall relative performance, not any specific timing parameter. For propagation delay timing numbers within each speed grade and density, see the chapter on DC & Switching Characteristics. Table 1-2 shows MAX II device speed-grade offerings.
Table 1-2. MAX II Speed Grades Speed Grade Device -3
EPM240 EPM570 EPM1270 EPM2210
-4 v v v v
-5 v v v v
v v v v
MAX II devices are available in space-saving FineLine BGA(R) and thin quad flat pack (TQFP) packages (see Tables 1-3 and 1-4). MAX II devices support vertical migration within the same package (e.g., you can migrate between the EPM570, EPM1270, and EPM2210 devices in the 256-pin FineLine BGA package). Vertical migration means that you can migrate to devices whose dedicated pins and JTAG pins are the same and power pins are subsets or supersets for a given package across device densities. The largest density in any package has the highest number of power pins; you must layout for the largest planned density in a package to provide the necessary power pins for migration. For I/O pin migration across densities, cross reference the available I/O pins using the device pin-outs for all planned densities of a given package type to identify which I/O pins can be migrated. The Quartus(R) II software can automatically cross reference and place all pins for you when given a device migration list.
Table 1-3. MAX II Packages & User I/O Pins Device
EPM240 EPM570 EPM1270 EPM2210
100-Pin TQFP
80 76
144-Pin TQFP
116 116
256-Pin FineLine BGA
160 212 204
324-Pin FineLine BGA
272
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Features
Table 1-4. MAX II TQPF & FineLine BGA Package Sizes Package
Pitch (mm) Area (mm2) Length x width (mm x mm)
100-Pin TQFP
0.5 256 16 x 16
144-Pin TQFP
0.5 484 22 x 22
256-Pin FineLine BGA 324-Pin FineLine BGA
1 289 17 x 17 1 361 19 x 19
MAX II devices have an internal linear voltage regulator which supports external supply voltages of 3.3 V or 2.5 V, regulating the supply down to the internal operating voltage of 1.8 V. MAX IIG devices only accept 1.8 V as an external supply voltage. Table 1-5 shows the external supply voltages supported by the MAX II family.
Table 1-5. MAX II External Supply Voltages EPM240 EPM570 EPM1270 EPM2210
3.3 V, 2.5 V
Devices
EPM240G EPM570G EPM1270G EPM2210G (1)
1.8 V
MultiVolt core external supply voltage (VCCINT) (2) MultiVolt I/O interface voltage levels (VCCIO) Notes to Table 1-5:
(1) (2)
1.5 V, 1.8 V, 2.5 V, 3.3 V
1.5 V, 1.8 V, 2.5 V, 3.3 V
MAX IIG devices do not have an internal voltage regulator and only accept 1.8 V on their VCCINT pins. Contact Altera for availability on these devices. MAX II devices operate internally at 1.8 V.
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Chapter 2. MAX II Architecture
MII51002-1.2
Functional Description
MAX(R) II devices contain a two-dimensional row- and column-based architecture to implement custom logic. Column and row interconnect provide signal interconnects between the logic array blocks (LABs). The logic array consists of LABs, with 10 logic elements (LEs) in each LAB. An LE is a small unit of logic providing efficient implementation of user logic functions. LABs are grouped into rows and columns across the device. The MultiTrackTM interconnect provides fast granular timing delays between LABs. The fast routing between LEs provides minimum timing delay for added levels of logic versus globally routed interconnect structures. The MAX II device I/O pins are fed by an I/O element (IOE) located at the ends of LAB rows and columns around the periphery of the device. Each IOE contains a bidirectional I/O buffer with several advanced features. I/O pins support Schmitt trigger inputs and various singleended standards, such as 33-MHz, 32-bit PCI and LVTTL. MAX II devices provide a global clock network. The global clock network consists of four global clock lines that drive throughout the entire device, providing clocks for all resources within the device. The global clock lines can also be used for control signals such as clear, preset, or output enable. Figure 2-1 shows a functional block diagram of the MAX II device.
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Figure 2-1. MAX II Device Block Diagram
IOE IOE IOE IOE IOE IOE
IOE
Logic Element
Logic Element
Logic Element
IOE
Logic Element
Logic Element
Logic Element
Logic Array BLock (LAB)
MultiTrack Interconnect IOE Logic Element Logic Element Logic Element
IOE
Logic Element
Logic Element
Logic Element
MultiTrack Interconnect
Each MAX II device contains a flash memory block within its floorplan. On the EPM240 device, this block is located on the left side of the device. For the EPM570, EPM1270, and EPM2210 devices, the flash memory block is located on the bottom-left area of the device. The majority of this flash memory storage is partitioned as the dedicated configuration flash memory (CFM) block. The CFM block provides the non-volatile storage for all of the SRAM configuration information. The CFM automatically downloads and configures the logic and I/O at power-up providing instant-on operation.
f
See Hot Socketing & Power-On Reset in MAX II Devices for more information on configuration upon power-up. A portion of the flash memory within the MAX II device is partitioned into a small block for user data. This user flash memory (UFM) block provides 8,192 bits of general-purpose user storage. The UFM provides programmable port connections to the logic array for reading and for writing. There are three LAB rows adjacent to this block, with column numbers varying by device.
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MAX II Architecture
Table 2-1 shows the number of LAB rows and columns in each device as well as the number of LAB rows and columns adjacent to the flash memory area in the EPM570, EPM1270, and EPM2210 devices. The long LAB rows are full LAB rows that extend from one side of row I/O blocks to the other. The short LAB rows are adjacent to the UFM block; their length is shown as width in LAB columns.
Table 2-1. MAX II Device Resources LAB Rows Devices
EPM240 EPM570 EPM1270 EPM2210 Note to Table 2-1:
(1) The width is the number of LAB columns in length.
UFM Blocks
1 1 1 1
LAB Columns Long LAB Rows
6 12 16 20 4 4 7 10
Short LAB Rows (Width) (1)
3 (3) 3 (5) 3 (7)
Total LABs
24 57 127 221
Figure 2-2 shows a floorplan of a MAX II device.
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Logic Array Blocks
Figure 2-2. MAX II Device Floorplan
I/O Blocks
Note (1)
I/O Blocks Logic Array Blocks Logic Array Blocks
2 GCLK Inputs I/O Blocks
2 GCLK Inputs
UFM Block CFM Block
Note to Figure 2-2:
(1) The device shown is an EPM570 device. EPM1270 and EPM2210 devices have a similar floorplan with more LABs. For the EPM240 devices, the CFM and UFM block is rotated left 90 degrees covering the left side of the device.
Logic Array Blocks
Each LAB consists of 10 LEs, LE carry chains, LAB control signals, a local interconnect, a look-up table (LUT) chain, and register chain connection lines. There are 26 possible unique inputs into an LAB, with an additional 10 local feedback input lines fed by LE outputs in the same LAB. The local interconnect transfers signals between LEs in the same LAB. LUT chain connections transfer the output of one LE's LUT to the adjacent LE for fast sequential LUT connections within the same LAB. Register chain connections transfer the output of one LE's register to the adjacent LE's register within an LAB. The Quartus(R) II software places associated logic
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MAX II Architecture
within an LAB or adjacent LABs, allowing the use of local, LUT chain, and register chain connections for performance and area efficiency. Figure 2-3 shows the MAX II LAB. Figure 2-3. MAX II LAB Structure
Row Interconnect
Column Interconnect
LE0 Fast I/O Connection to IOE (1) DirectLink interconnect from adjacent LAB or IOE LE1 LE2 LE3 LE4 LE5 LE6 DirectLink interconnect to adjacent LAB or IOE LE7 LE8 LE9
Logic Element LAB Local Interconnect
Fast I/O connection to IOE (1) DirectLink interconnect from adjacent LAB or IOE
DirectLink interconnect to adjacent LAB or IOE
Note to Figure 2-3:
(1) Only from LABs adjacent to IOEs.
LAB Interconnects
The LAB local interconnect can drive LEs within the same LAB. The LAB local interconnect is driven by column and row interconnects and LE outputs within the same LAB. Neighboring LABs, from the left and right can also drive an LAB's local interconnect through the DirectLink connection. The DirectLink connection feature minimizes the use of row and column interconnects, providing higher performance and flexibility. Each LE can drive 30 other LEs through fast local and DirectLink interconnects. Figure 2-4 shows the DirectLink connection.
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Logic Array Blocks
Figure 2-4. DirectLink Connection
DirectLink interconnect from left LAB or IOE output DirectLink interconnect from right LAB or IOE output
LE0 LE1 LE2 LE3 LE4
DirectLink interconnect to left Local Interconnect
LE5 LE6 LE7 LE8 LE9
Logic Element LAB
DirectLink interconnect to right
LAB Control Signals
Each LAB contains dedicated logic for driving control signals to its LEs. The control signals include two clocks, two clock enables, two asynchronous clears, a synchronous clear, an asynchronous preset/load, a synchronous load, and add/subtract control signals, providing a maximum of 10 control signals at a time. Although synchronous load and clear signals are generally used when implementing counters, they can also be used with other functions. Each LAB can use two clocks and two clock enable signals. Each LAB's clock and clock enable signals are linked. For example, any LE in a particular LAB using the labclk1 signal also uses labclkena1. If the LAB uses both the rising and falling edges of a clock, it also uses both LAB-wide clock signals. De-asserting the clock enable signal turns off the LAB-wide clock. Each LAB can use two asynchronous clear signals and an asynchronous load/preset signal. The asynchronous load acts as a preset when the asynchronous load data input is tied high.
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MAX II Architecture
With the LAB-wide addnsub control signal, a single LE can implement a one-bit adder and subtractor. This saves LE resources and improves performance for logic functions such as correlators and signed multipliers that alternate between addition and subtraction depending on data. The LAB column clocks [3..0], driven by the global clock network, and LAB local interconnect generate the LAB-wide control signals. The MultiTrackTM interconnect structure drives the LAB local interconnect for non-global control signal generation. The MultiTrack interconnect's inherent low skew allows clock and control signal distribution in addition to data. Figure 2-5 shows the LAB control signal generation circuit. Figure 2-5. LAB-Wide Control Signals
Dedicated LAB Column Clocks Local Interconnect Local Interconnect 4
Local Interconnect Local Interconnect Local Interconnect Local Interconnect labclk1
labclkena1
labclkena2
syncload
labclr2
addnsub
labclk2
asyncload or labpre
labclr1
synclr
Logic Elements
The smallest unit of logic in the MAX II architecture, the LE, is compact and provides advanced features with efficient logic utilization. Each LE contains a four-input LUT, which is a function generator that can implement any function of four variables. In addition, each LE contains a programmable register and carry chain with carry select capability. A single LE also supports dynamic single bit addition or subtraction mode selectable by an LAB-wide control signal. Each LE drives all types of interconnects: local, row, column, LUT chain, register chain, and DirectLink interconnects. See Figure 2-6.
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Logic Elements
Figure 2-6. MAX II LE
Register chain routing from previous LE LAB-wide Register Bypass Synchronous Load LAB-wide Packed Synchronous Register Select Clear
LAB Carry-In
addnsub
Carry-In1 Carry-In0
Programmable Register
LUT chain routing to next LE
data1 data2 data3 data4
ENA CLRN
Look-Up Table (LUT)
Carry Chain
Synchronous Load and Clear Logic
PRN/ALD D Q
ADATA
Row, column, and DirectLink routing
Row, column, and DirectLink routing
labclr1 labclr2 labpre/aload Chip-Wide Reset (DEV_CLRn)
Asynchronous Clear/Preset/ Load Logic
Local Routing
Clock & Clock Enable Select
Register Feedback
Register chain output
labclk1 labclk2
labclkena1 labclkena2
Carry-Out0
Carry-Out1
LAB Carry-Out
Each LE's programmable register can be configured for D, T, JK, or SR operation. Each register has data, true asynchronous load data, clock, clock enable, clear, and asynchronous load/preset inputs. Global signals, general-purpose I/O pins, or any LE can drive the register's clock and clear control signals. Either general-purpose I/O pins or LEs can drive the clock enable, preset, asynchronous load, and asynchronous data. The asynchronous load data input comes from the data3 input of the LE. For combinational functions, the LUT output bypasses the register and drives directly to the LE outputs. Each LE has three outputs that drive the local, row, and column routing resources. The LUT or register output can drive these three outputs independently. Two LE outputs drive column or row and DirectLink routing connections and one drives local interconnect resources. This allows the LUT to drive one output while the register drives another output. This register packing feature improves device utilization because the device can use the register and the LUT for unrelated functions. Another special packing mode allows the register output to feed back into
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MAX II Architecture
the LUT of the same LE so that the register is packed with its own fan-out LUT. This provides another mechanism for improved fitting. The LE can also drive out registered and unregistered versions of the LUT output.
LUT Chain & Register Chain
In addition to the three general routing outputs, the LEs within an LAB have LUT chain and register chain outputs. LUT chain connections allow LUTs within the same LAB to cascade together for wide input functions. Register chain outputs allow registers within the same LAB to cascade together. The register chain output allows an LAB to use LUTs for a single combinational function and the registers to be used for an unrelated shift register implementation. These resources speed up connections between LABs while saving local interconnect resources. See "MultiTrack Interconnect" on page 2-15 for more information on LUT chain and register chain connections.
addnsub Signal
The LE's dynamic adder/subtractor feature saves logic resources by using one set of LEs to implement both an adder and a subtractor. This feature is controlled by the LAB-wide control signal addnsub. The addnsub signal sets the LAB to perform either A + B or A - B. The LUT computes addition; subtraction is computed by adding the two's complement of the intended subtractor. The LAB-wide signal converts to two's complement by inverting the B bits within the LAB and setting carry-in to 1, which adds one to the least significant bit (LSB). The LSB of an adder/subtractor must be placed in the first LE of the LAB, where the LAB-wide addnsub signal automatically sets the carry-in to 1. The Quartus II Compiler automatically places and uses the adder/subtractor feature when using adder/subtractor parameterized functions.
LE Operating Modes
The MAX II LE can operate in one of the following modes:

Normal mode Dynamic arithmetic mode
Each mode uses LE resources differently. In each mode, eight available inputs to the LE, the four data inputs from the LAB local interconnect, carry-in0 and carry-in1 from the previous LE, the LAB carry-in from the previous carry-chain LAB, and the register chain connection are directed to different destinations to implement the desired logic function. LAB-wide signals provide clock, asynchronous clear, asynchronous
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Logic Elements
preset/load, synchronous clear, synchronous load, and clock enable control for the register. These LAB-wide signals are available in all LE modes. The addnsub control signal is allowed in arithmetic mode. The Quartus II software, in conjunction with parameterized functions such as library of parameterized modules (LPM) functions, automatically chooses the appropriate mode for common functions such as counters, adders, subtractors, and arithmetic functions.
Normal Mode
The normal mode is suitable for general logic applications and combinational functions. In normal mode, four data inputs from the LAB local interconnect are inputs to a four-input LUT (see Figure 2-7). The Quartus II Compiler automatically selects the carry-in or the data3 signal as one of the inputs to the LUT. Each LE can use LUT chain connections to drive its combinational output directly to the next LE in the LAB. Asynchronous load data for the register comes from the data3 input of the LE. LEs in normal mode support packed registers. Figure 2-7. LE in Normal Mode
sload sclear (LAB Wide) (LAB Wide) Register chain connection aload (LAB Wide)
addnsub (LAB Wide)
(1)
data1 data2 data3 cin (from cout of previous LE) data4
4-Input LUT
ALD/PRE ADATA Q D ENA CLRN
Row, column, and DirectLink routing Row, column, and DirectLink routing
clock (LAB Wide) ena (LAB Wide) aclr (LAB Wide)
Local routing
LUT chain connection Register chain output
Register Feedback
Note to Figure 2-7:
(1) This signal is only allowed in normal mode if the LE is at the end of an adder/subtractor chain.
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MAX II Architecture
Dynamic Arithmetic Mode
The dynamic arithmetic mode is ideal for implementing adders, counters, accumulators, wide parity functions, and comparators. An LE in dynamic arithmetic mode uses four 2-input LUTs configurable as a dynamic adder/subtractor. The first two 2-input LUTs compute two summations based on a possible carry-in of 1 or 0; the other two LUTs generate carry outputs for the two chains of the carry select circuitry. As shown in Figure 2-8, the LAB carry-in signal selects either the carry-in0 or carry-in1 chain. The selected chain's logic level in turn determines which parallel sum is generated as a combinational or registered output. For example, when implementing an adder, the sum output is the selection of two possible calculated sums: data1 + data2 + carry in0 or data1 + data2 + carry-in1 The other two LUTs use the data1 and data2 signals to generate two possible carry-out signals: one for a carry of 1 and the other for a carry of 0. The carry-in0 signal acts as the carry select for the carry-out0 output and carry-in1 acts as the carry select for the carry-out1 output. LEs in arithmetic mode can drive out registered and unregistered versions of the LUT output. The dynamic arithmetic mode also offers clock enable, counter enable, synchronous up/down control, synchronous clear, synchronous load, and dynamic adder/subtractor options. The LAB local interconnect data inputs generate the counter enable and synchronous up/down control signals. The synchronous clear and synchronous load options are LABwide signals that affect all registers in the LAB. The Quartus II software automatically places any registers that are not used by the counter into other LABs. The addnsub LAB-wide signal controls whether the LE acts as an adder or subtractor.
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Figure 2-8. LE in Dynamic Arithmetic Mode
LAB Carry-In Carry-In0 Carry-In1 addnsub (LAB Wide) (1) sload sclear (LAB Wide) (LAB Wide) Register chain connection aload (LAB Wide)
data1 data2 data3
LUT
ALD/PRE ADATA Q D ENA CLRN
Row, column, and direct link routing Row, column, and direct link routing
LUT
LUT
clock (LAB Wide) ena (LAB Wide) aclr (LAB Wide)
Local routing
LUT
LUT chain connection Register chain output Register Feedback
Carry-Out0 Carry-Out1
Note to Figure 2-8:
(1) The addnsub signal is tied to the carry input for the first LE of a carry chain only.
Carry-Select Chain
The carry-select chain provides a very fast carry-select function between LEs in dynamic arithmetic mode. The carry-select chain uses the redundant carry calculation to increase the speed of carry functions. The LE is configured to calculate outputs for a possible carry-in of 0 and carryin of 1 in parallel. The carry-in0 and carry-in1 signals from a lowerorder bit feed forward into the higher-order bit via the parallel carry chain and feed into both the LUT and the next portion of the carry chain. Carryselect chains can begin in any LE within an LAB. The speed advantage of the carry-select chain is in the parallel precomputation of carry chains. Since the LAB carry-in selects the precomputed carry chain, not every LE is in the critical path. Only the propagation delays between LAB carry-in generation (LE 5 and LE 10) are now part of the critical path. This feature allows the MAX II architecture to implement high-speed counters, adders, multipliers, parity functions, and comparators of arbitrary width.
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Figure 2-9 shows the carry-select circuitry in an LAB for a 10-bit full adder. One portion of the LUT generates the sum of two bits using the input signals and the appropriate carry-in bit; the sum is routed to the output of the LE. The register can be bypassed for simple adders or used for accumulator functions. Another portion of the LUT generates carryout bits. An LAB-wide carry-in bit selects which chain is used for the addition of given inputs. The carry-in signal for each chain, carry-in0 or carry-in1, selects the carry-out to carry forward to the carry-in signal of the next-higher-order bit. The final carry-out signal is routed to an LE, where it is fed to local, row, or column interconnects.
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Logic Elements
Figure 2-9. Carry Select Chain
LAB Carry-In A1 B1 A2 B2
0 LE0
1 Sum1
LAB Carry-In Carry-In0 Carry-In1
LE1
Sum2
LUT data1 data2 Sum LUT
A3 B3 A4 B4
LE2
Sum3
LE3
Sum4
LUT
A5 B5
LE4
Sum5
LUT
0 A6 B6 A7 B7 A8 B8 A9 B9 A10 B10 LE5
1 Sum6
Carry-Out0
Carry-Out1
LE6
Sum7
LE7
Sum8
LE8
Sum9
LE9
Sum10
To top of adjacent LAB LAB Carry-Out
The Quartus II software automatically creates carry chain logic during design processing, or the designer can create it manually during design entry. Parameterized functions such as LPM functions automatically take advantage of carry chains for the appropriate functions. The Quartus II software creates carry chains longer than 10 LEs by linking adjacent LABs within the same row together automatically. A carry chain can extend horizontally up to one full LAB row, but they do not extend between LAB rows.
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MAX II Architecture
Clear & Preset Logic Control
LAB-wide signals control the logic for the register's clear and preset signals. The LE directly supports an asynchronous clear and preset function. The register preset is achieved through the asynchronous load of a logic high. The direct asynchronous preset does not require a NOT-gate push-back technique. MAX II devices support simultaneous preset/asynchronous load and clear signals. An asynchronous clear signal takes precedence if both signals are asserted simultaneously. Each LAB supports up to two clears and one preset signal. In addition to the clear and preset ports, MAX II devices provide a chipwide reset pin (DEV_CLRn) that resets all registers in the device. An option set before compilation in the Quartus II software controls this pin. This chip-wide reset overrides all other control signals and uses its own dedicated routing resources (i.e., it does not use any of the four global resources). Driving this signal low before or during power-up prevents user mode from releasing clears within the design. This allows you to control when clear is released on a device that has just been powered-up. If not set for its chip-wide reset function, the DEV_CLRn pin is a regular I/O pin. Upon power-up, each register in a MAX II device may be set to either a high or low state. This power-up state is specified at design entry. By default, all registers are set to power up low.
MultiTrack Interconnect
In the MAX II architecture, connections between LEs, the UFM, and device I/O pins are provided by the MultiTrack interconnect structure. The MultiTrack interconnect consists of continuous, performanceoptimized routing lines used for inter- and intra-design block connectivity. The Quartus II Compiler automatically places critical design paths on faster interconnects to improve design performance. The MultiTrack interconnect consists of row and column interconnects that span fixed distances. A routing structure with fixed length resources for all devices allows predictable and short delays between logic levels instead of large delays associated with global or long routing lines. Dedicated row interconnects route signals to and from LABs within the same row. These row resources include:

DirectLink interconnects between LABs R4 interconnects traversing four LABs to the right or left
The DirectLink interconnect allows an LAB to drive into the local interconnect of its left and right neighbors. The DirectLink interconnect provides fast communication between adjacent LABs and/or blocks without using row interconnect resources.
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MultiTrack Interconnect
The R4 interconnects span four LABs and are used for fast row connections in a four-LAB region. Every LAB has its own set of R4 interconnects to drive either left or right. Figure 2-10 shows R4 interconnect connections from an LAB. R4 interconnects can drive and be driven by row IOEs. For LAB interfacing, a primary LAB or horizontal LAB neighbor can drive a given R4 interconnect. For R4 interconnects that drive to the right, the primary LAB and right neighbor can drive on to the interconnect. For R4 interconnects that drive to the left, the primary LAB and its left neighbor can drive on to the interconnect. R4 interconnects can drive other R4 interconnects to extend the range of LABs they can drive. R4 interconnects can also drive C4 interconnects for connections from one row to another. Figure 2-10. R4 Interconnect Connections
Adjacent LAB can Drive onto Another LAB's R4 Interconnect R4 Interconnect Driving Left C4 Column Interconnects (1) R4 Interconnect Driving Right
LAB Neighbor
Primary LAB (2)
LAB Neighbor
Notes to Figure 2-10:
(1) (2) C4 interconnects can drive R4 interconnects. This pattern is repeated for every LAB in the LAB row.
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MAX II Architecture
The column interconnect operates similarly to the row interconnect. Each column of LABs is served by a dedicated column interconnect, which vertically routes signals to and from LABs and row and column IOEs. These column resources include:

LUT chain interconnects within an LAB Register chain interconnects within an LAB C4 interconnects traversing a distance of four LABs in an up and down direction
MAX II devices include an enhanced interconnect structure within LABs for routing LE output to LE input connections faster using LUT chain connections and register chain connections. The LUT chain connection allows the combinational output of an LE to directly drive the fast input of the LE right below it, bypassing the local interconnect. These resources can be used as a high-speed connection for wide fan-in functions from LE 1 to LE 10 in the same LAB. The register chain connection allows the register output of one LE to connect directly to the register input of the next LE in the LAB for fast shift registers. The Quartus II Compiler automatically takes advantage of these resources to improve utilization and performance. Figure 2-11 shows the LUT chain and register chain interconnects.
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MultiTrack Interconnect
Figure 2-11. LUT Chain & Register Chain Interconnects
Local Interconnect Routing Among LEs in the LAB LUT Chain Routing to Adjacent LE LE0
Register Chain Routing to Adjacent LE's Register Input
LE1 Local Interconnect LE2 LE3 LE4 LE5
LE6 LE7 LE8
LE9
The C4 interconnects span four LABs up or down from a source LAB. Every LAB has its own set of C4 interconnects to drive either up or down. Figure 2-12 shows the C4 interconnect connections from an LAB in a column. The C4 interconnects can drive and be driven by column and row IOEs. For LAB interconnection, a primary LAB or its vertical LAB neighbor can drive a given C4 interconnect. C4 interconnects can drive each other to extend their range as well as drive row interconnects for column-to-column connections.
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MAX II Architecture
Figure 2-12. C4 Interconnect Connections
Note (1)
C4 Interconnect Drives Local and R4 Interconnects Up to Four Rows
C4 Interconnect Driving Up
LAB
Row Interconnect
Adjacent LAB can drive onto neighboring LAB's C4 interconnect
Local Interconnect
C4 Interconnect Driving Down
Note to Figure 2-12:
(1) Each C4 interconnect can drive either up or down four rows.
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Global Signals
The UFM block communicates with the logic array similar to LAB-to-LAB interfaces. The UFM block connects to row and column interconnects and has local interconnect regions driven by row and column interconnects. This block also has DirectLink interconnects for fast connections to and from a neighboring LAB. For more information on the UFM interface to the logic array, see "User Flash Memory Block" on page 2-23. Table 2-2 shows the MAX II device's routing scheme.
Table 2-2. MAX II Device Routing Scheme Source Destination LUT Register Local DirectLink R4 (1) Chain Chain (1) (1)
LUT Chain Register Chain Local Interconnect DirectLink Interconnect R4 Interconnect C4 Interconnect LE UFM Block Column IOE Row IOE Note to Table 2-2:
(1) These categories are interconnects.
C4 (1)
LE v v v
UFM Column Row Fast I/O Block IOE IOE (1)
v
v
v
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
Global Signals
Each MAX II device has four dual-purpose dedicated clock pins (GCLK[3..0], two pins on the left side and two pins on the right side) that drive the global clock network for clocking, as shown in Figure 2-13. These four pins can also be used as general-purpose I/O if they are not used to drive the global clock network. The four global clock lines in the global clock network drive throughout the entire device. The global clock network can provide clocks for all resources within the device including LEs, LAB local interconnect, IOEs, and the UFM block. The global clock lines can also be used for global
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MAX II Architecture
control signals, such as clock enables, synchronous or asynchronous clears, presets, output enables, or protocol control signals such as TRDY and IRDY for PCI. Internal logic can drive the global clock network for internally- generated global clocks and control signals. Figure 2-13 shows the various sources that drive the global clock network. Figure 2-13. Global Clock Generation
GCLK0 GCLK1 GCLK2 GCLK3 Logic Array(1)
4 4 Global Clock Network
Note to Figure 2-13:
(1) Any I/O pin can use a MultiTrack interconnect to route as a logic array-generated global clock signal.
The global clock network drives to individual LAB column signals, LAB column clocks [3..0], that span an entire LAB column from the top to bottom of the device. Unused global clocks or control signals in a LAB column are turned off at the LAB column clock buffers shown in Figure 2-14. The LAB column clocks [3..0] are multiplexed down to two LAB clock signals and one LAB clear signal. Other control signal types route from the global clock network into the LAB local interconnect. See "LAB Control Signals" on page 2-6 for more information.
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Global Signals
Figure 2-14. Global Clock Network
I/O Block Region
Note (1)
LAB Column clock[3..0]
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
LAB Column clock[3..0]
I/O Block Region UFM Block (2) CFM Block I/O Block Region
Notes to Figure 2-14:
(1) (2) LAB column clocks in I/O block regions provide high fan-out output enable signals. LAB column clocks drive to the UFM block.
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MAX II Architecture
User Flash Memory Block
MAX II devices feature a single UFM block, which can be used like a serial EEPROM for storing non-volatile information up to 8,192 bits. The UFM block connects to the logic array through the MultiTrack interconnect, allowing any LE to interface to the UFM block. Figure 2-15 shows the UFM block and interface signals. The logic array is used to create customer interface or protocol logic to interface the UFM block data outside of the device. The UFM block offers the following features:

Non-volatile storage up to 16-bit wide and 8,192 total bits Two sectors for partitioned sector erase Built-in internal oscillator that optionally drives logic array Program, erase, and busy signals Auto-increment addressing Serial interface to logic array with programmable interface
Figure 2-15. UFM Block & Interface Signals
UFM Block
PROGRAM ERASE
Program Erase Control OSC _4 :
RTP_BUSY BUSY
OSC_ENA
OSC
9 ARCLK
UFM Sector 1 UFM Sector 0
Address Register 16 ARSHFT 16
ARDin DRDin DRCLK DRSHFT Data Register DRDout
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User Flash Memory Block
UFM Storage
Each device stores up to 8,192 bits of data in the UFM block. Table 2-3 shows the data size, sector, and address sizes for the UFM block.
Table 2-3. UFM Array Size Device
EPM240 EPM570 EPM1270 EPM2210
Total Bits
8,192
Sectors
2 (4,096 bits/sector)
Address Bits
9
Data Width
16
There are 512 locations with 9-bit addressing ranging from 000h to 1FFh. Sector 0 address space is 000h to 0FFh and Sector 1 address space is from 100h to 1FFh. The data width is up to 16 bits of data. The Quartus II software automatically creates logic to accommodate smaller read or program data widths. Erasure of the UFM involves individual sector erasing (i.e., one erase of sector 0 and one erase of sector 1 is required to erase the entire UFM block). Since sector erase is required before a program or write, having two sectors enables a sector size of data to be left untouched while the other sector is erased and programmed with new data.
Internal Oscillator
As shown in Figure 2-15, the dedicated circuitry within the UFM block contains an oscillator. The dedicated circuitry uses this internally for its read and program operations. This oscillator's divide by 4 output can be driven out of the UFM block to the logic array for interface logic clock source or for general-purpose logic clocking. The OSC output signal frequency ranges from 3.3 to 5.5 MHz (preliminary), and its exact frequency of operation is not programmable.
Program, Erase & Busy Signals
The UFM block's dedicated circuitry automatically generates the necessary internal program and erase algorithm once the PROGRAM or ERASE input signals have been asserted. The PROGRAM or ERASE signal must be asserted until the busy signal deasserts, indicating the UFM internal program or erase operation has completed. The UFM block also supports JTAG as the interface for programming and/or reading.
f
For more information on programming and erasing the UFM block, see the chapter on Using User Flash Memory in MAX II Devices.
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MAX II Architecture
Auto-Increment Addressing
The UFM block supports standard read or stream read operations. The stream read is supported with a auto-increment address feature. Deasserting the ARSHIFT signal while clocking the ARCLK signal increments the address register value to read consecutive locations from the UFM array.
Serial Interface
The UFM block supports a serial interface with serial address and data signals. The internal shift registers within the UFM block for address and data are 9 bits and 16 bits wide, respectively. The Quartus II software automatically generates interface logic in LEs for a parallel address and data interface to the UFM block. Other standard protocol interfaces such as SPI are also automatically generated in LE logic by the Quartus II software.
f
For more information on the UFM interface signals and the Quartus II LE-based alternate interfaces, see Using User Flash Memory in MAX II Devices.
UFM Block to Logic Array Interface
The UFM block is a small partition of the flash memory which contains the CFM block as shown in Figures 2-1 and 2-2. The UFM block for the EPM240 device is located on the left side of the device adjacent to the left most LAB column. The UFM block for the EPM570, EPM1270, and EPM2210 devices is located on the bottom left portion of the device. The UFM input and output signals interface to all types of interconnects (R4 interconnect, C4 interconnect, and DirectLink interconnect to/from adjacent LAB rows). The UFM signals can also be driven from global clocks, GCLK[3..0]. The interface region for the EPM240 device is shown in Figure 2-16. The interface regions for EPM570, EPM1270, and EPM2210 devices are shown in Figure 2-17.
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User Flash Memory Block
Figure 2-16. EPM240 UFM Block LAB Row Interface
CFM Block UFM Block
Note (1)
LAB
PROGRAM ERASE OSC_ENA RTP_BUSY LAB
DRDin DRCLK DRSHFT ARin ARCLK ARSHFT DRDout OSC BUSY
LAB
Note to Figure 2-16:
(1) The UFM block inputs and outputs can drive to/from all types of interconnects, not only DirectLink interconnects from adjacent row LABs.
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MAX II Architecture
Figure 2-17. EPM570, EPM1270 & EPM2210 UFM Block LAB Row Interface
CFM Block RTP_BUSY BUSY OSC DRDout DRDin DRDCLK DRDSHFT ARDin PROGRAM ERASE OSC_ENA ARCLK ARSHFT UFM Block
LAB
LAB
LAB
MultiVolt Core
The MAX II architecture supports the MultiVoltTM core feature, which allows MAX II devices to support multiple VCC levels on the VCCINT supply. An internal linear voltage regulator provides the necessary 1.8-V internal voltage supply to the device. The voltage regulator supports 3.3-V or 2.5-V supplies on its inputs to supply the 1.8-V internal voltage to the device, as shown in Figure 2-18. The voltage regulator is not guaranteed for voltages that are between the maximum recommended 2.5-V operating voltage and the minimum recommended 3.3-V operating voltage. For external 1.8-V supplies, MAX IIG devices are required. The voltage regulator on these devices is bypassed to support the 1.8-V VCC external supply path to the 1.8-V internal supply. Contact Altera for latest information regarding MAX IIG devices.
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I/O Structure
Figure 2-18. MultiVolt Core Feature in MAX II Devices
3.3-V or 2.5-V on VCCINT Pins
Voltage Regulator
1.8-V on VCCINT Pins
1.8-V Core Voltage
1.8-V Core Voltage
MAX II Device
MAX II Device With "G" Ordering Code
I/O Structure
IOEs support many features, including:

LVTTL and LVCMOS I/O standards 3.3-V, 32-bit, 33-MHz PCI compliance Joint Test Action Group (JTAG) boundary-scan test (BST) support Programmable drive strength control Weak pull-up resistors during power-up and in system programming Slew-rate control Tri-state buffers with individual output enable control Bus-hold circuitry Programmable pull-up resistors in user mode Unique output enable per pin Open-drain outputs Schmitt trigger inputs Fast I/O connection Programmable input delay
MAX II device IOEs contain a bidirectional I/O buffer. Figure 2-19 shows the MAX II IOE structure. Registers from adjacent LABs can drive to or be driven from the IOE's bidirectional I/O buffers. The Quartus II software automatically attempts to place registers in the adjacent LAB with fast I/O connection to achieve the fastest possible clock-to-output and registered output enable timing. For input registers, the Quartus II software automatically routes the register to guarantee zero hold time. You can set timing assignments in the Quartus II software to achieve desired I/O timing.
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Fast I/O Connection
A dedicated fast I/O connection from the adjacent LAB to the IOEs within an I/O block provides faster output delays for clock-to-output and tPD propagation delays. This connection exists for data output signals, not output enable signals or input signals. Figures 2-20, 2-21, and 2-22 illustrate the fast I/O connection. Figure 2-19. MAX II IOE Structure
Data_in Fast_out
Data_out
OE DEV_OE Optional PCI Clamp (1) VCCIO VCCIO Programmable Pull-Up
I/O Pin Drive Strength Control Open-Drain Output Slew Control Optional Bus-Hold Circuit
Programmable Input Delay
Optional Schmitt Trigger Input
Note to Figure 2-19:
(1) Available in EPM1270 and EPM2210 devices only.
I/O Blocks
The IOEs are located in I/O blocks around the periphery of the MAX II device. There are up to seven IOEs per row I/O block (5 maximum in the EPM240 device) and up to four IOEs per column I/O block. Each column or row I/O block interfaces with its adjacent LAB and MultiTrack
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I/O Structure
interconnect to distribute signals throughout the device. The row I/O blocks drive row, column, or DirectLink interconnects. The column I/O blocks drive column interconnects. Figure 2-20 shows how a row I/O block connects to the logic array. Figure 2-20. Row I/O Block Connection to the Interconnect Note (1)
R4 Interconnects
C4 Interconnects I/O Block Local Interconnect
data_out [6..0] 7
7 LAB
OE [6..0]
fast_out [6..0] 7
Row I/O Block
data_in[6..0]
7
Direct Link Interconnect to Adjacent LAB LAB Local Interconnect
Direct Link Interconnect from Adjacent LAB Row I/O Block Contains up to Seven IOEs
LAB Column clock [3..0]
Note to Figure 2-20:
(1) Each of the seven IOEs in the row I/O block can have one data_out or fast_out output, one OE output, and one data_in input.
Figure 2-21 shows how a column I/O block connects to the logic array.
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Figure 2-21. Column I/O Block Connection to the Interconnect
Note (1)
Column I/O Block Contains Up To 4 IOEs data_in [3..0] 4 4
Column I/O Block
data_out [3..0] 4 I/O Block Local Interconnect
OE [3..0] 4
fast_out [3..0]
Fast I/O Interconnect LAB Column Path Clock [3..0]
R4 Interconnects
LAB
LAB
LAB
LAB Local Interconnect C4 Interconnects
LAB Local Interconnect
LAB Local Interconnect C4 Interconnects
Note to Figure 2-21:
(1) Each of the four IOEs in the column I/O block can have one data_out or fast_out output, one OE output, and one data_in input.
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I/O Structure
I/O Standards & Banks
MAX II device IOEs support the following I/O standards:

3.3-V LVTTL/LVCMOS 2.5-V LVTTL/LVCMOS 1.8-V LVTTL/LVCMOS 1.5-V LVCMOS 3.3-V PCI
Table 2-4 describes the I/O standards supported by MAX II devices.
Table 2-4. MAX II I/O Standards I/O Standard
3.3-V LVTTL/LVCMOS 2.5-V LVTTL/LVCMOS 1.8-V LVTTL/LVCMOS 1.5-V LVCMOS 3.3-V PCI (1) Note to Table 2-4:
(1) 3.3-V PCI is supported in Bank 3 of the EPM1270 and EPM2210 devices.
Type
Single-ended Single-ended Single-ended Single-ended Single-ended
Output Supply Voltage (VCCIO) (V)
3.3 2.5 1.8 1.5 3.3
The EPM240 and EPM570 devices support two I/O banks, as shown in Figure 2-22. Each of these banks support all the LVTTL and LVCMOS standards shown in Table 2-4. PCI I/O is not supported in these devices and banks.
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Figure 2-22. MAX II I/O Banks for EPM240 & EPM570
Notes (1), (2)
I/O Bank 1
I/O Bank 2
All I/O Banks Support 3.3-V LVTTL/LVCMOS 2.5-V LVTTL/LVCMOS 1.8-V LVTTL/LVCMOS 1.5-V LVCMOS
Notes to Figure 2-22:
(1) (2) Figure 2-22 is a top view of the silicon die. Figure 2-22 is a graphic representation only. Refer to the pin list and the Quartus II software for exact pin locations.
The EPM1270 and EPM2210 devices support four I/O banks, as shown in Figure 2-23. Each of these banks support all of the LVTTL and LVCMOS standards shown in Table 2-4. PCI I/O is supported in Bank 3. Bank 3 supports the PCI clamping diode on inputs and PCI drive compliance on outputs. You must use Bank 3 for designs requiring PCI compliant I/O pins. The Quartus II software automatically places I/O pins in this bank if assigned with the PCI I/O standard.
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I/O Structure
Figure 2-23. MAX II I/O Banks for EPM1270 & EPM2210
I/O Bank 2
Notes (1), (2)
All I/O Banks Support 3.3-V LVTTL/LVCMOS 2.5-V LVTTL/LVCMOS 1.8-V LVTTL/LVCMOS 1.5-V LVCMOS I/O Bank 1
Also Supports the 3.3-V PCI I/O Standard
I/O Bank 3
I/O Bank 4
Notes to Figure 2-23:
(1) (2) Figure 2-23 is a top view of the silicon die. Figure 2-23 is a graphic representation only. Refer to the pin list and the Quartus II software for exact pin locations.
Each I/O bank has dedicated VCCIO pins which determine the voltage standard support in that bank. A single device can support 1.5-V, 1.8-V, 2.5-V, and 3.3-V interfaces; each individual bank can support a different standard. Each I/O bank can support multiple standards with the same VCCIO for input and output pins. For example, when VCCIO is 3.3 V, Bank 3 can support LVTTL, LVCMOS, and 3.3-V PCI. VCCIO powers both the input and output buffers in MAX II devices. The JTAG pins for MAX II devices are dedicated pins that cannot be used as regular I/O pins. The pins TMS, TDI, TDO, and TCK support all the I/O standards shown in Table 2-4 on page 2-32 except for PCI. These pins reside in Bank 1 for all MAX II devices and their I/O standard support is controlled by the VCCIO setting for Bank 1.
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MAX II Architecture
PCI Compliance
MAX II EPM1270 and EPM2210 devices are compliant with PCI applications as well as all 3.3-V electrical specifications in the PCI Local Bus Specification Revision 2.2. These devices are also large enough to support PCI intellectual property (IP) cores. Table 2-5 shows the MAX II device speed grades that meet the PCI timing specifications.
Table 2-5. MAX II Devices & Speed Grades that Support 3.3-V PCI Electrical Specifications & Meet PCI Timing Note (1) Device
EPM1270 EPM2210 Note to Table 2-5:
(1) This table contains preliminary information.
33-MHz PCI
All Speed Grades All Speed Grades
Schmitt Trigger
The input buffer for each MAX II device I/O pin has an optional Schmitt trigger setting for the 3.3-V and 2.5-V standards. The Schmitt trigger allows input buffers to respond to slow input edge rates with a fast output edge rate. Most importantly, Schmitt triggers provide hysteresis on the input buffer, preventing slow rising noisy input signals from ringing or oscillating on the input signal driven into the logic array. This provides system noise tolerance on MAX II inputs, but adds a small, nominal input delay. The JTAG input pins (TMS, TCK, and TDI) have Schmitt trigger buffers which are always enabled.
Output Enable Signals
Each MAX II IOE output buffer supports output enable signals for tristate control. The output enable signal can originate from the GCLK[3..0] global signals or from the MultiTrack interconnect. The MultiTrack interconnect routes output enable signals and allows for a unique output enable for each output or bidirectional pin.
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I/O Structure
MAX II devices also provide a chip-wide output enable pin (DEV_OE) to control the output enable for every output pin in the design. An option set before compilation in the Quartus II software controls this pin. This chip-wide output enable uses its own routing resources and does not use any of the four global resources. If this option is turned on, all outputs on the chip operate normally when DEV_OE is asserted. When the pin is deasserted, all outputs are tri-stated. If this option is turned off, the DEV_OE pin is disabled when the device operates in user mode and is available as a user I/O pin.
Programmable Drive Strength
The output buffer for each MAX II device I/O pin has two levels of programmable drive strength control for each of the LVTTL and LVCMOS I/O standards. Programmable drive strength provides system noise reduction control for high performance I/O designs. Although a separate slew-rate control feature exists, using the lower drive strength setting provides signal slew rate control to reduce system noise and signal overshoot without the large delay adder associated with the slew-rate control feature. Table 2-6 shows the possible settings for the I/O standards with drive strength control. The PCI I/O standard is always set at 20 mA with no alternate setting.
Table 2-6. Programmable Drive Strength I/O Standard
3.3-V LVTTL
Note (1)
IOH/IOL Current Strength Setting (mA)
16 8
3.3-V LVCMOS
8 4
2.5-V LVTTL/LVCMOS
14 7
1.8-V LVTTL/LVCMOS
6 3
1.5-V LVCMOS
4 2
Note to Table 2-6:
(1) The IOH current strength numbers shown are for a condition of a VOUT = VOH minimum, where the VOH minimum is specified by the I/O standard. The IOL current strength numbers shown are for a condition of a VOUT = VOL maximum, where the VOL maximum is specified by the I/O standard. For 2.5-V LVTTL/LVCMOS, the IOH condition is VOUT = 1.7 V and the IOL condition is VOUT = 0.7 V.
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MAX II Architecture
Slew-Rate Control
The output buffer for each MAX II device I/O pin has a programmable output slew-rate control that can be configured for low noise or highspeed performance. A faster slew rate provides high-speed transitions for high-performance systems. However, these fast transitions may introduce noise transients into the system. A slow slew rate reduces system noise, but adds a nominal output delay to rising and falling edges. The lower the voltage standard (e.g., 1.8-V LVTTL) the larger the output delay when slow slew is enabled. Each I/O pin has an individual slewrate control, allowing the designer to specify the slew rate on a pin-by-pin basis. The slew-rate control affects both the rising and falling edges.
Open-Drain Output
MAX II devices provide an optional open-drain (equivalent to opencollector) output for each I/O pin. This open-drain output enables the device to provide system-level control signals (e.g., interrupt and write enable signals) that can be asserted by any of several devices. This output can also provide an additional wired-OR plane.
Programmable Ground Pins
Each unused I/O pin on MAX II devices can be used as an additional ground pin. This programmable ground feature does not require the use of the associated LEs in the device. In the Quartus II software, unused pins can be set as programmable GND on a global default basis or they can be individually assigned. Unused pins also have the option of being set as tri-stated input pins.
Bus Hold
Each MAX II device I/O pin provides an optional bus-hold feature. The bus-hold circuitry can hold the signal on an I/O pin at its last-driven state. Since the bus-hold feature holds the last-driven state of the pin until the next input signal is present, an external pull-up or pull-down resistor is not necessary to hold a signal level when the bus is tri-stated. The bus-hold circuitry also pulls undriven pins away from the input threshold voltage where noise can cause unintended high-frequency switching. The designer can select this feature individually for each I/O pin. The bus-hold output will drive no higher than VCCIO to prevent overdriving signals. If the bus-hold feature is enabled, the device cannot use the programmable pull-up option.
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I/O Structure
The bus-hold circuitry uses a resistor to pull the signal level to the last driven state. The chapter on DC & Switching Characteristics gives the specific sustaining current for each VCCIO voltage level driven through this resistor and overdrive current used to identify the next-driven input level. The bus-hold circuitry is only active after the device has fully initialized. The bus-hold circuit captures the value on the pin present at the moment user mode is entered.
Programmable Pull-Up Resistor
Each MAX II device I/O pin provides an optional programmable pull-up resistor during user mode. If the designer enables this feature for an I/O pin, the pull-up resistor holds the output to the VCCIO level of the output pin's bank. 1 The programmable pull-up resistor feature should not be used at the same time as the bus-hold feature on a given I/O pin.
Programmable Input Delay
The MAX II IOE includes a programmable input delay that is activated to ensure zero hold times. A path where a pin directly drives a register, with minimal routing between the two, may require the delay to ensure zero hold time. However, a path where a pin drives a register through long routing or through combinational logic may not require the delay to achieve a zero hold time. The Quartus II software uses this delay to ensure zero hold times when needed.
MultiVolt I/O Interface
The MAX II architecture supports the MultiVolt I/O interface feature, which allows MAX II devices in all packages to interface with systems of different supply voltages. The devices have one set of VCC pins for internal operation (VCCINT), and four sets for input buffers and I/O output driver buffers (VCCIO).
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MAX II Architecture
Connect VCCIO pins to either a 1.5-V, 1.8 V, 2.5-V, or 3.3-V power supply, depending on the output requirements. The output levels are compatible with systems of the same voltage as the power supply (i.e., when VCCIO pins are connected to a 1.5-V power supply, the output levels are compatible with 1.5-V systems). When VCCIO pins are connected to a 3.3-V power supply, the output high is 3.3 V and is compatible with 3.3-V or 5.0-V systems. Table 2-7 summarizes MAX II MultiVolt I/O support.
Table 2-7. MAX II MultiVolt I/O Support VCCIO (V) 1.5 V 1.5 1.8 2.5 3.3
Notes to Table 2-7:
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)
Note (1) Output Signal 3.3 V v (2) v v v v (6) 5.0 V 1.5 V v v (3) v (4) v (7) v v (4) v (7) v v (7) v v (8) 1.8 V 2.5 V 3.3 V 5.0 V
Input Signal 1.8 V v v 2.5 V v (2) v v v (5)
v
To drive inputs higher than VCCIO but less than 4.0 V including the overshoot, disable the PCI clamping diode. However, to drive 5.0-V inputs to the device, enable the PCI clamping diode to prevent VI from rising above 4.0 V. When VCCIO = 1.5-V and a 2.5-V or 3.3-V input signal feeds an input pin, higher pin leakage current is expected. When VCCIO = 1.8-V, a MAX II device can drive a 1.5-V device with 1.8-V tolerant inputs. When VCCIO = 2.5-V, a MAX II device can drive a 1.5-V or 1.8-V device with 2.5-V tolerant inputs. When VCCIO = 3.3-V and a 2.5-V input signal feeds an input pin, the VCCIO supply current will be slightly larger than expected. MAX II devices can be 5.0-V tolerant with the use of an external resistor and the internal PCI clamp diode on the EPM1270 and EPM2210 devices. When VCCIO = 3.3-V, a MAX II device can drive a 1.5-V, 1.8-V, or 2.5-V device with 3.3-V tolerant inputs. When VCCIO = 3.3-V, a MAX II device can drive a device with 5.0-V TTL inputs but not 5.0-V CMOS inputs. In the case of 5.0-V CMOS, open-drain setting with internal PCI clamp diode (available only on EPM1270 and EPM2210 devices) and external resistor is required.
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I/O Structure
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Chapter 3. JTAG & In-System Programmability
MII51003-1.2
IEEE Std. 1149.1 (JTAG) Boundary Scan Support
All MAX(R) II devices provide Joint Test Action Group (JTAG) boundaryscan test (BST) circuitry that complies with the IEEE Std. 1149.1-2001 specification. JTAG boundary-scan testing can only be performed at any time after VCCINT and all VCCIO banks have been fully powered and a tCONFIG amount of time has passed. MAX II devices can also use the JTAG port for in-system programming together with either the Quartus(R) II software or hardware using Programming Object Files (.pof), JamTM Standard Test and Programming Language (STAPL) Files (.jam) or Jam Byte-Code Files (.jbc). The JTAG pins support 1.5-V, 1.8-V, 2.5-V, or 3.3-V I/O standards. The supported voltage level and standard is determined by the VCCIO of the bank where it resides. The dedicated JTAG pins reside in Bank 1 of all MAX II devices. MAX II devices support the JTAG instructions shown in Table 3-1.
Table 3-1. MAX II JTAG Instructions (Part 1 of 2) JTAG Instruction
SAMPLE/PRELOAD
Instruction Code
00 0000 0101
Description
Allows a snapshot of signals at the device pins to be captured and examined during normal device operation, and permits an initial data pattern to be output at the device pins. Allows the external circuitry and board-level interconnects to be tested by forcing a test pattern at the output pins and capturing test results at the input pins. Places the 1-bit bypass register between the TDI and TDO pins, which allows the boundary scan test data to pass synchronously through selected devices to adjacent devices during normal device operation. Selects the 32-bit USERCODE register and places it between the TDI and TDO pins, allowing the USERCODE to be serially shifted out of TDO. This register defaults to all 1's if not specified in the Quartus II software. Selects the IDCODE register and places it between TDI and TDO, allowing the IDCODE to be serially shifted out of TDO.
EXTEST (1)
00 0000 1111
BYPASS
11 1111 1111
USERCODE
00 0000 0111
IDCODE
00 0000 0110
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IEEE Std. 1149.1 (JTAG) Boundary Scan Support
Table 3-1. MAX II JTAG Instructions (Part 2 of 2) JTAG Instruction
HIGHZ (1)
Instruction Code
00 0000 1011
Description
Places the 1-bit bypass register between the TDI and TDO pins, which allows the boundary scan test data to pass synchronously through selected devices to adjacent devices during normal device operation, while tri-stating all of the I/O pins. Places the 1-bit bypass register between the TDI and TDO pins, which allows the boundary scan test data to pass synchronously through selected devices to adjacent devices during normal device operation, while holding I/O pins to a state defined by the data in the boundary-scan register. This instruction allows the user to define their own scan chain between TDI and TDO in the MAX II logic array. This instruction is also used for custom logic and JTAG interfaces. This instruction allows the user to define their own scan chain between TDI and TDO in the MAX II logic array. This instruction is also used for custom logic and JTAG interfaces. IEEE 1532 ISC instructions used when programming a MAX II device via the JTAG port.
CLAMP (1)
00 0000 1010
USER0
00 0000 1100
USER1
00 0000 1110
IEEE 1532 instructions
(2)
Notes to Table 3-1:
(1) (2) HIGHZ, CLAMP, and EXTEST instructions do not disable weak pull-up resistors or bus hold features. These instructions are shown in the 1532 BSDL files, which will be posted on the Altera(R) web site at www.altera.com when they are available.
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JTAG & In-System Programmability
The MAX II device instruction register length is 10 bits and the USERCODE register length is 32 bits. Tables 3-2 and 3-3 show the boundary-scan register length and device IDCODE information for MAX II devices.
Table 3-2. MAX II Boundary-Scan Register Length Device
EPM240 EPM570 EPM1270 EPM2210
Boundary-Scan Register Length
240 480 636 816
Table 3-3. 32-Bit MAX II Device IDCODE Binary IDCODE (32 Bits) (1) Device
EPM240 EPM570 EPM1270 EPM2210
Version (4 Bits)
0000 0000 0000 0000
Part Number
0010 0000 1010 0001 0010 0000 1010 0010 0010 0000 1010 0011 0010 0000 1010 0100
Manufacturer Identity (11 Bits)
000 0110 1110 000 0110 1110 000 0110 1110 000 0110 1110
LSB (1 Bit) (2)
1 1 1 1
HEX IDCODE
0x020A10DD 0x020A20DD 0x020A30DD 0x020A40DD
Notes to Table 3-2:
(1) (2) The most significant bit (MSB) is on the left. The IDCODE's least significant bit (LSB) is always 1.
f
For JTAG AC characteristics, refer to the chapter on DC & Switching Characteristics. For more information on JTAG BST, see the chapter on IEEE 1149.1 (JTAG) Boundary-Scan Testing for MAX II Devices.
JTAG Translator
The JTAG translator feature allows you to access the JTAG TAP and state signals when either the USER0 or USER1 instruction is issued to the JTAG TAP. The USER0 and USER1 instructions bring the JTAG boundary scan chain (TDI) through the user logic instead of the MAX II device's boundary scan cells. Each USER instruction allows for one unique userdefined JTAG chain into the logic array.
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Parallel Flash Loader
The JTAG translator ability to interface JTAG to non-JTAG devices is ideal for general-purpose flash memory devices (such as Intel or Fujitsu based devices) that require programming during in-circuit test. The flash memory devices can be used for FPGA configuration or be part of system memory. In many cases, the MAX II device is already connected to these devices as the configuration control logic between the FPGA and the flash device. Unlike ISP-capable CPLD devices, bulk flash devices do not have JTAG TAP pins or connections. For small flash devices, it is common to use the serial JTAG scan chain of a connected device to program the nonJTAG flash device. This is slow and inefficient in most cases and impractical for large parallel flash devices. Using the MAX II device's JTAG translator as a parallel flash loader to program and verify flash contents provides a fast and cost-effective means of in-circuit programming during test. Figure 3-1 shows MAX II being used as a parallel flash loader. Figure 3-1. MAX II JTAG Translator as General-Purpose Flash Loader
MAX II Device Flash Memory Device DQ[7..0] A[20..0] OE WE CE RY/BY TDO_U TDI_U TMS_U TCK_U SHIFT_U CLKDR_U UPDATE_U RUNIDLE_U USER1_U DQ[7..0] A[20..0] OE WE CE RY/BY GeneralPurpose Flash Loader Logic (1), (2)
TDI TMS TCK
TDO
Notes to Figure 3-1:
(1) (2) This block is implemented in LEs. This function will be supported in a future version of the Quartus II software.
In System Programmability
MAX II devices can be programmed in-system via the industry standard 4-pin IEEE Std. 1149.1 (JTAG) interface. In system programmability (ISP) offers quick, efficient iterations during design development and
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JTAG & In-System Programmability
debugging cycles. The logic, circuitry, and interconnects in the MAX II architecture are configured with flash-based SRAM configuration elements. These SRAM elements require configuration data to be loaded each time the device is powered. The process of loading the SRAM data is called configuration. The on-chip configuration flash memory (CFM) block stores the SRAM element's configuration data. The CFM block stores the design's configuration pattern in a reprogrammable flash array. During ISP, the MAX II JTAG and ISP circuitry programs the design pattern into the CFM block's non-volatile flash array. The MAX II JTAG and ISP controller internally generate the high programming voltages required to program the CFM cells, allowing insystem programming with any of the recommended operating external voltage supplies (i.e., 3.3 V/2.5 V or 1.8 V for the MAX IIG devices). ISP can be performed anytime after VCCINT and all VCCIO banks have been fully powered and the device has completed the configuration power-up time. By default, during in-system programming, the I/O pins are tristated and weakly pulled-up to VCCIO to eliminate board conflicts. The insystem programming clamp and real-time ISP feature allows user control of I/O state or behavior during ISP.
f
For more information, refer to "In-System Programming Clamp" on page 3-7 and "Real-Time ISP" on page 3-7. These devices also offer an ISP_DONE bit that provides safe operation when in-system programming is interrupted. This ISP_DONE bit, which is the last bit programmed, prevents all I/O pins from driving until the bit is programmed.
IEEE 1532 Support
The JTAG circuitry and ISP instruction set in MAX II devices is compliant to the IEEE 1532-2002 programming specification. This provides industry-standard hardware and software for in-system programming among multiple vendor programmable logic devices (PLDs) in a JTAG chain. The MAX II 1532 BSDL files will be released on the Altera web site when available.
Jam Standard Test & Programming Language (STAPL)
The Jam STAPL JEDEC standard, JESD71, can be used to program MAX II devices with in-circuit testers, PCs, or embedded processors. The Jam byte code is also supported for MAX II devices. These software programming protocols provide a compact embedded solution for programming MAX II devices.
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For more information, see the chapter on Using Jam STAPL for ISP via an Embedded Processor.
Programming Sequence
During in-system programming, 1532 instructions, addresses, and data are shifted into the MAX II device through the TDI input pin. Data is shifted out through the TDO output pin and compared against the expected data. Programming a pattern into the device requires the following six ISP steps. A stand-alone verification of a programmed pattern involves only stages 1, 2, 5, and 6. These steps are automatically executed by third-party programmers, the Quartus(R) II software, or the Jam STAPL and Jam Byte-Code Players. 1. Enter ISP - The enter ISP stage ensures that the I/O pins transition smoothly from user mode to ISP mode. Check ID - Before any program or verify process, the silicon ID is checked. The time required to read this silicon ID is relatively small compared to the overall programming time. Sector Erase - Erasing the device in-system involves shifting in the instruction to erase the device and applying an erase pulse(s). The erase pulse is automatically generated internally by waiting in the run/test/idle state for the specified erase pulse time of 500 ms for the CFM block and 500 ms for each sector of the UFM block. Program - Programming the device in-system involves shifting in the address, data, and program instruction and generating the program pulse to program the flash cells. The program pulse is automatically generated internally by waiting in the run/test/idle state for the specified program pulse time of 75 s. This process is repeated for each address in the CFM and UFM block. Verify - Verifying a MAX II device in-system involves shifting in addresses, applying the verify instruction to generate the read pulse, and shifting out the data for comparison. This process is repeated for each CFM and UFM address. Exit ISP - An exit ISP stage ensures that the I/O pins transition smoothly from ISP mode to user mode.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
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JTAG & In-System Programmability
For TCK frequencies of 10 MHz, the erase and programming takes less than two seconds for EPM240 and EPM570 devices. Erase and programming times are less than three seconds for EPM1270 and less than four seconds for the EPM2210 devices. The TCK frequency can operate at up to 18 MHz in MAX II devices providing slight improvements in these ISP times.
UFM Programming
The Quartus II software, with the use of POF, Jam, or JBC files, supports programming of each user flash memory (UFM) block sector independent from the logic array design pattern stored in the CFM block. This allows updating or reading UFM contents through ISP without altering the current logic array design, or vice versa. By default, these programming files and methods will program both the entire flash memory contents, which includes the CFM block and UFM contents. The stand-alone embedded Jam STAPL player and Jam Byte-Code Player provides action commands for programming or reading the entire flash memory (UFM and CFM together) or each independently.
f
For more information, see the chapter on Using Jam STAPL for ISP via an Embedded Processor.
In-System Programming Clamp
By default, the IEEE 1532 instruction used for entering ISP automatically tri-states all I/O pins with weak pull-up resistors for the duration of the ISP sequence. However, some systems may require certain pins on MAX II devices to maintain a specific DC logic level during an in-field update. For these systems, an optional in-system programming clamp instruction exists in MAX II circuitry to control I/O behavior during the ISP sequence. The in-system programming clamp instruction enables the device to sample and sustain the value on an output pin (an input pin would remain tri-stated if sampled) or to explicitly set a logic high, logic low, or tri-state value on any pin. Setting these options is controlled on an individual pin basis using the Quartus II software.
f
For more information, see the chapter on Real-Time ISP & ISP Clamp for MAX II Devices.
Real-Time ISP
For systems that require more than DC logic level control of I/O pins, the real-time ISP feature allows you to update the CFM block with a new design image while the current design continues to operate in the SRAM logic array and I/O pins. A new programming file is updated into the MAX II device without halting the original design's operation, saving
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down-time costs for remote or field upgrades. The updated CFM block configures the new design into the SRAM upon the next power cycle. It is also possible to execute an immediate configuration of the SRAM without a power cycle by using a specific sequence of ISP commands. The configuration of SRAM without a power cycle takes a specific amount of time (tCONFIG). During this time, the I/O pins are tri-stated and weakly pulled-up to VCCIO.
Design Security
All MAX II devices contain a programmable security bit that controls access to the data programmed into the CFM block. When this bit is programmed, design programming information, stored in the CFM block, cannot be copied or retrieved. This feature provides a high level of design security because programmed data within flash memory cells is invisible. The security bit that controls this function, as well as all other programmed data, is reset only when the device is erased. The SRAM is also invisible and cannot be accessed regardless of the security bit setting. The UFM block data is not protected by the security bit and is accessible through JTAG or logic array connections.
Programming with External Hardware
MAX II devices can be programmed by downloading the information via in-circuit testers, embedded processors, the Altera(R) ByteblasterMVTM, MasterBlasterTM, ByteBlasterTM II, and USB-Blaster cables, and through the universal serial bus (USB)-based Altera Programming Unit (APU) with the appropriate adapter. BP Microsystems, System General, and other programming hardware manufacturers provide programming support for Altera devices. Check their web sites for device support information.
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Chapter 4. Hot Socketing & Power-On Reset in MAX II Devices
MII51004-1.2
Hot Socketing
MAX(R) II devices offer hot socketing, also known as hot plug-in or hot swap, and power sequencing support. Designers can insert or remove a MAX II board in a system during operation without undesirable effects to the system bus. The hot socketing feature removes some of the difficulty designers face when using components on printed circuit boards (PCBs) that contain a mixture of 3.3-, 2.5-, 1.8-, and 1.5-V devices. The MAX II device hot socketing feature provides:

Board or device insertion and removal Support for any power-up sequence Non-intrusive I/O buffers to system buses during hot insertion
MAX II Hot-Socketing Specifications
MAX II devices offer all three of the features required for hot socketing capability listed above without any external components or special design requirements. The following are hot-socketing specifications:

The device can be driven before and during power-up or powerdown without any damage to the device itself. I/O pins remain tri-stated during power-up. The device does not drive out before or during power-up, thereby affecting other buses in operation. Signal pins do not drive the VCCIO or VCCINT power supplies. External input signals to I/O pins of the device do not internally power the VCCIO or VCCINT power supplies of the device via internal paths.
Devices Can Be Driven before Power-Up
Signals can be driven into the MAX II device I/O pins and GCLK[3..0] pins before or during power-up or power-down without damaging the device. MAX II devices support any power-up or power-down sequence (VCCIO1, VCCIO2, VCCIO3, VCCIO4, VCCINT), simplifying system-level design.
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Hot Socketing
I/O Pins Remain Tri-Stated during Power-Up
A device that does not support hot-socketing may interrupt system operation or cause contention by driving out before or during power-up. In a hot socketing situation, the MAX II device's output buffers are turned off during system power-up. MAX II devices do not drive out until the device attains proper operating conditions and is fully configured. See "Power-On Reset Circuitry" on page 4-6 for information about turn-on voltages.
Signal Pins Do Not Drive the VCCIO or VCCINT Power Supplies
MAX II devices do not have a current path from I/O pins or GCLK[3..0] pins to the VCCIO or VCCINT pins before or during power-up. A MAX II device may be inserted into (or removed from) a system board that was powered up without damaging or interfering with system-board operation. When hot socketing, MAX II devices may have a minimal effect on the signal integrity of the backplane.
AC & DC Specifications
You can power up or power down the VCCIO and VCCINT pins in any sequence. There are no VCC ramp rate requirements for MAX II devices. During hot socketing, the I/O pin capacitance is less than 8 pF. MAX II devices meet the following hot socketing specification:

The hot socketing DC specification is| IIOPIN | < 300 A. The hot socketing AC specification is dependent on the signal voltages and board capacitance:
| IIOPIN | < (v/t) x capacitance
where capacitance is the sum of I/O pin, trace, and connector capacitance. 1 MAX II devices are immune to latch-up when hot socketing. If the TCK JTAG input pin is driven high during hot-socketing, the current on that pin might exceed the specifications above.
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Hot Socketing & Power-On Reset in MAX II Devices
Hot Socketing Feature Implementation in MAX II Devices
The hot socketing feature turns off (tri-states) the output buffer during the power-up event (either VCCINT or VCCIO supplies) or power down. The hot-socket circuit generates an internal HOTSCKT signal when either VCCINT or VCCIO is below the threshold voltage. The HOTSCKT signal cuts off the output buffer to make sure that no DC current (except for weak pull-up leaking) leaks through the pin. When VCC ramps up very slowly, VCC may still be relatively low even after the power-on reset (POR) signal is released and device configuration is complete. Each I/O and clock pin has the following circuitry, as shown in Figure 4-1. Figure 4-1. Hot Socketing Circuit Block Diagram for MAX II Devices
Power On Reset Monitor
VCCIO
Weak Pull-Up Resistor
Output Enable
PAD
Voltage Tolerance Control
Hot Socket
Input Buffer to Logic Array
The POR circuit monitors VCCINT and VCCIO voltage levels and keeps I/O pins tri-stated until the device has completed its flash memory configuration of the SRAM logic. The weak pull-up resistor (R) from the I/O pin to VCCIO is enabled during download to keep the I/O pins from floating. The 3.3-V tolerance control circuit permits the I/O pins to be driven by 3.3 V before VCCIO and/or VCCINT are powered, and it prevents the I/O pins from driving out when the device is not fully powered or
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operational. The hot- socket circuit prevents I/O pins from internally powering VCCIO and VCCINT when driven by external signals before the device is powered.
f
For information on 5.0-V tolerance, See the chapter on Using MAX II Devices in Multi-Voltage Systems. Figure 4-2 shows a transistor level cross section of the MAX II device I/O buffers. This design ensures that the output buffers do not drive when VCCIO is powered before VCCINT or if the I/O pad voltage is higher than VCCIO. This also applies for sudden voltage spikes during hot insertion. The VPAD leakage current charges the 3.3-V tolerant circuit capacitance.
Figure 4-2. Transistor-Level Diagram of MAX II Device I/O Buffers
VPAD IOE Signal or the Larger of VCCIO or VPAD VCCIO The Larger of VCCIO or VPAD Ensures 3.3-V Tolerance & Hot-Socket Protection
IOE Signal
n+
n+
p+
p+ n - well
n+
p - well
p - substrate
The CMOS output drivers in the I/O pins intrinsically provide electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection. There are two cases to consider for ESD voltage strikes: positive voltage zap and negative voltage zap. A positive ESD voltage zap occurs when a positive voltage is present on an I/O pin due to an ESD charge event. This can cause the N+ (Drain)/PSubstrate junction of the N-channel drain to break down and the N+ (Drain)/P-Substrate/N+ (Source) intrinsic bipolar transistor turns on to discharge ESD current from I/O pin to GND. The dashed line (see Figure 4-3) shows the ESD current discharge path during a positive ESD zap.
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Figure 4-3. ESD Protection During Positive Voltage Zap
I/O Source
PMOS
Gate
N+
D
Drain I/O Drain P-Substrate G
NMOS
Gate
N+
S
Source
GND
GND
When the I/O pin receives a negative ESD zap at the pin that is less than -0.7 V (0.7 V is the voltage drop across a diode), the intrinsic P-Substrate/N+ drain diode is forward biased. Hence, the discharge ESD current path is from GND to the I/O pin, as shown in Figure 4-4.
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Power-On Reset Circuitry
Figure 4-4. ESD Protection During Negative Voltage Zap
I/O
Source
PMOS
Gate
N+
D
Drain I/O Drain P-Substrate G
NMOS
Gate
N+
S
Source
GND
GND
Power-On Reset Circuitry
MAX II devices have POR circuits to VCCINT and VCCIO voltage levels during power-up. The POR circuit monitors these voltages, triggering download from the non-volatile configuration flash memory (CFM) block to the SRAM logic, maintaining tri-state of the I/O pins (with weak pullup resistors enabled) before and during this process. When the MAX II device enters user mode, the POR circuit releases the I/O pins to user functionality and continues to monitor the VCCINT voltage level to detect a brown-out condition. If there is a VCCINT voltage sag below the MAX II operational level during user mode, the POR circuit resets the device and re-triggers an SRAM download. The I/O bank VCCIO levels are not monitored after initial power-up and transition into user mode functionality.
Power-Up Characteristics
When power is applied to a MAX II device, the POR circuit monitors VCCINT and begins SRAM download at a maximum voltage of 1.7 V, or 1.55 V for MAX II G devices. From this voltage reference, SRAM download and entry into user mode takes 200 to 450 s maximum depending on device density. This period of time is specified as tCONFIG in the power-up timing section of Chapter 5. DC & Switching Characteristics.
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Entry into user mode is gated by whether all VCCIO banks are powered with sufficient operating voltage. If VCCINT and VCCIO are powered simultaneously, the device enters user mode within the tCONFIG specifications. If VCCIO is powered more than tCONFIG after VCCINT, the device does not enter user mode until 2 s after all VCCIO banks are powered. In user mode, the POR circuitry continues to monitor the VCCINT (but not VCCIO) voltage level to detect a brown-out condition. If there is a VCCINT voltage sag at or below 1.4 V during user mode, the POR circuit resets the SRAM and tri-states the I/O pins. Once VCCINT rises back to 1.7 V (or 1.55 V for MAX II G devices), the SRAM download restarts and the device begins to operate after tCONFIG time has passed. Figure 4-5 shows the voltages for MAX II and MAX II G device POR during power-up into user mode and from user mode to power-down or brown-out.
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Figure 4-5. Power-Up Characteristics for MAX II & MAX II G Devices
VCCINT
3.3 V 2.5 V
MAX II Device
Notes (1), (2)
Approximate Voltage for SRAM Download Start
1.7 V 1.4 V
Device Resets the SRAM and Tri-States I/O Pins
t CONFIG
0V
Tri-State
User Mode Operation
Tri-State
VCCINT
3.3 V
MAX II G Device
Approximate Voltage for SRAM Download Start
1.8 V 1.55 V 1.4 V
Device Resets the SRAM and Tri-States I/O Pins
t CONFIG
0V
Tri-State
User Mode Operation
Tri-State
Notes to Figure 4-5:
(1) (2) Time scale is relative. Figure 4-5 assumes all VCCIO banks power simultaneously with the VCCINT profile shown. If not, tCONFIG stretches out until all VCCIO banks are powered.
1
After SRAM configuration, all registers in the device are cleared and released into user function before I/O tri-states are released. To release clears after tri-states are released, use the DEV_CLRn pin option. To hold the tri-states beyond the power-up configuration time, use the DEV_OE pin option.
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Chapter 5. DC & Switching Characteristics
MII51005-1.2
Operating Conditions
Tables 5-1 through 5-12 provide information on absolute maximum ratings, recommended operating conditions, DC electrical characteristics, and other specifications for MAX(R) II devices.
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Table 5-1 shows the absolute maximum ratings for the MAX II device family.
Table 5-1. MAX II Device Absolute Maximum Ratings Symbol
VCCINT VCCIO VI IOUT TSTG TAMB TJ
Notes (1), (2) Minimum
-0.5 -0.5 -0.5 -25
Parameter
Conditions
Maximum
4.6 4.6 4.6 25 150 135 135
Unit
V V V mA C C C
Internal Supply voltage (3) With respect to ground I/O Supply Voltage DC input voltage DC output current, per pin Storage temperature Ambient temperature Junction temperature No bias Under bias TQFP and BGA packages under bias
-65 -65
Notes to Table 5-1:
(1) (2) (3) See the Operating Requirements for Altera Devices Data Sheet. Conditions beyond those listed in Table 5-1 may cause permanent damage to a device. Additionally, device operation at the absolute maximum ratings for extended periods of time may have adverse affects on the device. Maximum VCCINT for MAX II devices is 4.6 V. For MAX IIG devices, it is 2.4 V.
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5-1 Preliminary
Operating Conditions
Recommended Operating Conditions
Table 5-2 shows the MAX II device family recommended operating conditions.
Table 5-2. MAX II Device Recommended Operating Conditions (Part 1 of 2) Symbol
VCCINT (1)
Parameter
3.3-V supply voltage for internal logic and ISP 2.5-V supply voltage for internal logic and ISP 1.8-V supply voltage for internal logic and ISP (MAX IIG devices)
Conditions
Minimum
3.00
Maximum
3.60
Unit
V
2.375
2.625
V
1.71
1.89
V
VCCIO (1)
Supply voltage for I/O buffers, 3.3-V operation Supply voltage for I/O buffers, 2.5-V operation Supply voltage for I/O buffers, 1.8-V operation Supply voltage for I/O buffers, 1.5-V operation
3.00
3.60
V
2.375
2.625
V
1.71
1.89
V
1.425
1.575
V
VI VO
Input voltage Output voltage
(2), (3), (4)
-0.5 0
4.0 VCCIO
V V
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DC & Switching Characteristics
Table 5-2. MAX II Device Recommended Operating Conditions (Part 2 of 2) Symbol
TJ
Parameter
Operating junction temperature
Conditions
For commercial use For industrial use
Minimum
0 -40
Maximum
85 100
Unit
C C
Notes to Table 5-2:
(1) MAX II device in-system programming and/or UFM programming via JTAG or logic array is not guaranteed outside the recommended operating conditions (i.e., if brown-out occurs in the system during a potential write/program sequence to the UFM, users are recommended to read back UFM contents and verify against the intended write data). Minimum DC input is -0.5 V. During transitions, the inputs may undershoot to -2.0 V for input currents less than 100 mA and periods shorter than 20 ns. During transitions, the inputs may overshoot to the voltages shown in the following table based upon input duty cycle. The DC case is equivalent to 100% duty cycle. For more information on 5.0-V tolerance refer to the chapter on Using MAX II Devices in Multi-Voltage Systems. Max. Duty Cycle VIN 4.0 V 100% (DC) 4.1 90% 4.2 50% 4.3 30% 4.4 17% 4.5 10% All pins, including clock, I/O, and JTAG pins, may be driven before VCCINT and VCCIO are powered.
(2) (3)
(4)
Programming/Erasure Specifications
Table 5-3 shows the MAX II device family programming/erasure specifications.
Table 5-3. MAX II Device Programming/Erasure Specifications Parameter
Erase and reprogram cycles Note to Table 5-3:
(1) This specification applies to the user flash memory (UFM) and CFM blocks.
Minimum
100 (1)
Typical
Maximum
Unit
Cycles
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Operating Conditions
DC Electrical Characteristics
Table 5-4 shows the MAX II device family DC electrical characteristics.
Table 5-4. MAX II Device DC Electrical Characteristics Symbol
II IOZ ICCSTANDBY
Note (1) Minimum
-10 -10 12 2 460 170 40 30 5 10 25 45 25 40 60 95 8
Parameter
Conditions
Typical
Maximum
10 10
Unit
A A mA mA mV mV mA mA k k k k pF
Input pin leakage VI = VCCIOmax to 0 V (2) current Tri-stated I/O pin leakage current VO = VCCIOmax to 0 V (2)
MAX II devices VCCINT supply current (standby) MAX IIG devices (3) Hysteresis for Schmitt trigger input VCCINT supply current during power-up (4) Value of I/O pin pull-up resistor during power-up and in-system programming Input capacitance for user I/O pin Input capacitance for dual-purpose GCLK/user I/O pin VCCIO = 3.3 V VCCIO = 2.5 V MAX II devices MAX IIG devices VCCIO = 3.3 V (5) VCCIO = 2.5 V (5) VCCIO = 1.8 V (5) VCCIO = 1.5 V (5)
VSCHMITT
ICCPower-up
RPULLUP
CIO
CGCLK
8
pF
Note to Table 5-4:
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Typical values are for TA = 25 C, VCCINT = 3.3 or 2.5 V, and VCCIO = 1.5 V, 1.8 V, 2.5 V, or 3.3 V. This value is specified for normal device operation. The value may vary during power-up. This applies for all VCCIO settings (3.3, 2.5, 1.8, and 1.5 V). VI = ground, no load, no toggling inputs. This is average current during power-up. The typical peak current is no more than 65 mA for MAX II devices. For MAX IIG devices, the typical peak current is no more than 55 mA. Pin pull-up resistance values will lower if an external source drives the pin higher than VCCIO.
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DC & Switching Characteristics
I/O Standard Specifications
Tables 5-5 through 5-10 show the MAX II device family I/O standard specifications.
Table 5-5. 3.3-V LVTTL Specifications Symbol
VCCIO VIH VIL VOH VOL
Parameter
I/O supply voltage High-level input voltage Low-level input voltage
Conditions
Minimum
3.0 1.7 -0.5 2.4
Maximum
3.6 4.0 0.8
Unit
V V V V
High-level output IOH = -4 mA (1) voltage Low-level output voltage IOL = 4 mA (1)
0.45
V
Table 5-6. 3.3-V LVCMOS Specifications Symbol
VCCIO VIH VIL VOH VOL
Parameter
I/O supply voltage High-level input voltage Low-level input voltage
Conditions
Minimum
3.0 1.7 -0.5 VCCIO - 0.2
Maximum
3.6 4.0 0.8
Unit
V V V V
High-level output VCCIO = 3.0, voltage IOH = -0.1 mA Low-level output voltage VCCIO = 3.0, IOL = 0.1 mA
0.2
V
Table 5-7. 2.5-V I/O Specifications (Part 1 of 2) Symbol
VCCIO VIH VIL
Parameter
I/O supply voltage High-level input voltage Low-level input voltage
Conditions
Minimum
2.375 1.7 -0.5
Maximum
2.625 4.0 0.7
Unit
V V V
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Operating Conditions
Table 5-7. 2.5-V I/O Specifications (Part 2 of 2) Symbol
VOH
Parameter
Conditions
Minimum
2.1 2.0 1.7
Maximum
Unit
V V V
High-level output IOH = -0.1 mA voltage IOH = -1 mA IOH = -2 mA (1)
VOL
Low-level output voltage
IOL = 0.1 mA IOL = 1 mA IOL = 2 mA (1)
0.2 0.4 0.7
V V V
Table 5-8. 1.8-V I/O Specifications Symbol
VCCIO VIH VIL VOH VOL
Parameter
I/O supply voltage High-level input voltage Low-level input voltage
Conditions
Minimum
1.71 0.65 x VCCIO -0.3 VCCIO - 0.45
Maximum
1.89 2.25 0.35 x VCCIO
Unit
V V V V
High-level output IOH = -2 mA (1) voltage Low-level output voltage IOL = 2 mA (1)
0.45
V
Table 5-9. 1.5-V I/O Specifications Symbol
VCCIO VIH VIL VOH VOL
Parameter
I/O supply voltage High-level input voltage Low-level input voltage
Conditions
Minimum
1.425 0.65 x VCCIO -0.3 0.75 x VCCIO
Maximum
1.575 VCCIO + 0.3 0.35 x VCCIO
Unit
V V V V
High-level output IOH = -2 mA (1) voltage Low-level output voltage IOL = 2 mA (1)
0.25 x VCCIO
V
Notes to Tables 5-5 through 5-9:
(1) Drive strength is programmable according to values in Chapter 2. MAX II Architecture.
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DC & Switching Characteristics
Table 5-10. 3.3-V PCI Specifications Symbol
VCCIO VIH VIL VOH VOL
Parameter
I/O supply voltage High-level input voltage Low-level input voltage
Conditions
Minimum
3.0 0.5 x VCCIO -0.5 0.9 x VCCIO
Typical
3.3
Maximum
3.6 VCCIO + 0.5 0.3 x VCCIO
Unit
V V V V
High-level IOH = -500 A output voltage Low-level IOL = 1.5 mA output voltage
0.1 x VCCIO
V
Bus Hold Specifications
Table 5-11 shows the MAX II device family bus hold specifications.
Table 5-11. Bus Hold Specifications VCCIO Level Parameter Conditions 1.5 V Min
Low sustaining current High sustaining current Low overdrive current High overdrive current VIN > VIL (maximum) VIN < VIH (minimum) 0 V < VIN < VCCIO 0 V < VIN < VCCIO 20 -20 160 -160
1.8 V Min
30 -30 200 -200
2.5 V Min
50 -50 300 -300
3.3 V Min
70 -70 500 -500
Unit
Max
Max
Max
Max
A A A A
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Power Consumption
Power-Up Timing
Table 5-12 shows the power-up timing characteristics for MAX II devices.
Table 5-12. MAX II Power-Up Timing Symbol
tCONFIG
Note (1) Device
EPM240 EPM570 EPM1270 EPM2210
Parameter
The amount of time from when VCCINT reaches 2.375 V until the device enters user mode (2)
Min
Typ
Max
200 300 300 450
Unit
s s s s
Notes to Table 5-12:
(1) (2) These numbers are preliminary. For more information on POR trigger voltage, refer to the chapter on Hot Socketing & Power-On Reset in MAX II Devices.
Power Consumption Timing Model & Specifications
Designers can use the Altera(R) web power calculator to estimate the device power. See the chapter on Understanding & Evaluating Power in MAX II Devices for more information. MAX II devices timing can be analyzed with the Altera Quartus II software, a variety of popular industry-standard EDA simulators and timing analyzers, or with the timing model shown in Figure 5-1. MAX II devices have predictable internal delays that enable the designer to determine the worst-case timing of any design. The software provides timing simulation, point-to-point delay prediction, and detailed timing analysis for device-wide performance evaluation.
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DC & Switching Characteristics
Figure 5-1. MAX II Device Timing Model
Output & Output Enable Data Delay
t R4
Data-In/LUT Chain User Flash Memory Input Routing Delay tDL Logic Element
LUT Delay
tIODR tIOE
t C4
Output Routing Delay
I/O Input Delay t IN
t LOCAL
t LUT
Register Control Delay
tC
tCO tSU tH tPRE tCLR
t FASTIO
Output Delay t OD t XZ t ZX
I/O Pin
I/O Pin
INPUT
t GLOB Global Input Delay
To Adjacent LE Register Delays
From Adjacent LE
Data-Out
The timing characteristics of any signal path can be derived from the timing model and parameters of a particular device. External timing parameters, which represent pin-to-pin timing delays, can be calculated as the sum of internal parameters. Refer to the chapter on Understanding Timing in MAX II Devices for more information. This section describes and specifies the performance, internal, external, and UFM timing specifications. All specifications are representative of worst-case supply voltage and junction temperature conditions.
Preliminary & Final Timing
Timing models can have either preliminary or final status. The Quartus(R) II software issues an informational message during the design compilation if the timing models are preliminary. Table 5-13 shows the status of the MAX II device timing models. Preliminary status means the timing model is subject to change. Initially, timing numbers are created using simulation results, process data, and other known parameters. These tests are used to make the preliminary numbers as close to the actual timing parameters as possible.
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Timing Model & Specifications
Final timing numbers are based on actual device operation and testing. These numbers reflect the actual performance of the device under worstcase voltage and junction temperature conditions.
Table 5-13. MAX II Device Timing Model Status Device
EPM240 EPM570 EPM1270 EPM2210
Preliminary v v v v
Final
Performance
Table 5-14 shows the MAX II device performance for some common designs. All performance values were obtained with the Quartus II software compilation of megafunctions. These performance values are based on an EPM1270 device target.
Table 5-14. MAX II Device Performance (Part 1 of 2) Resource Used
LE
Design Size & Function
16-bit counter (1) 64-bit counter (1) 16-to-1 multiplexer 32-to-1 multiplexer 16-bit XOR function 16-bit decoder with single address line
Resources Used Mode LEs
16 64 11 24 5 5
Performance -3 Speed Grade
304.0 200.7 6.3 7.2 5.3 5.5
UFM Blocks
0 0 0 0 0 0
-4 Speed Grade
249.9 154.6 8.1 9.2 6.8 6.8
-5 Speed Grade
202.9 125.0 10.3 11.3 8.7 8.7
Unit
MHz MHz ns ns ns ns
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DC & Switching Characteristics
Table 5-14. MAX II Device Performance (Part 2 of 2) Resource Used
UFM
Design Size & Function
512 x 16 512 x 16 512 x 8
Resources Used Mode LEs
None SPI (2) Parallel (3) 3 37 73
Performance -3 Speed Grade
10.0 9.8 (4)
UFM Blocks
1 1 1
-4 Speed Grade
10.0 9.8 (4)
-5 Speed Grade
10.0 9.7 (4)
Unit
MHz MHz MHz
Notes to Table 5-14:
(1) (2) (3) (4) This design is a binary loadable up counter. This design is configured for read only operation in Extended mode. Read and write ability increases the number of LEs used. This design is configured for read-only operation. Read and write ability increases the number of LEs used. This design is asynchronous.
Internal Timing Parameters
Internal timing parameters are specified on a speed grade basis independent of device density. Tables 5-15 through 5-22 describe the MAX II device internal timing microparameters for logic elements (LEs), input/output elements (IOEs), UFM structures, and MultiTrackTM interconnects.
f
For more explanations and descriptions on each internal timing microparameters symbol, refer to the chapter on Understanding Timing in MAX II Devices.
Table 5-15. LE Internal Timing Microparameters (Part 1 of 2) -3 Speed Grade Symbol
tLUT tCLR tPRE tSU tH
-4 Speed Grade Min Max
757 315 315 146 0
-5 Speed Grade Unit Min Max
932 388 388 180 0 ps ps ps ps ps
Parameter Min
LE combinational LUT delay LE register clear delay LE register preset delay LE register setup time before clock LE register hold time after clock 243 243 113 0
Max
583
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Timing Model & Specifications
Table 5-15. LE Internal Timing Microparameters (Part 2 of 2) -3 Speed Grade Symbol
tCO tCLKHL tC
-4 Speed Grade Min Max
315 221
-5 Speed Grade Unit Min Max
388 272 ps ps 1,400 ps
Parameter Min
LE register clock-tooutput delay Minimum clock high or low time Register control delay 170 875
Max
243
1,137
Table 5-16. IOE Internal Timing Microparameters -3 Speed Grade Symbol
tFASTIO
-4 Speed Grade Min Max
214
-5 Speed Grade Unit Min Max
261 ps
Parameter Min
Data output delay from adjacent LE to I/O block I/O input pad and buffer delay I/O input pad and buffer delay use as global signal pin Internally generated output enable delay Input routing delay Output delay buffer and pad delay Output buffer disable delay Output buffer enable delay
Max
164
tIN tGLOB (1)
708 1,588
920 2,064
1,132 2,540
ps ps
tIOE tDL tOD (2) tXZ (3) tZX (4)
424 171 1,064 756 1,003
552 222 1,383 982 1,303
679 274 1,702 1,209 1,604
ps ps ps ps ps
Notes to Table 5-16:
(1) (2) (3) (4) Delay numbers for tGLOB differ for each device density and speed grade. The delay numbers shown in Table 5-16 are based on an EPM240 device target. Refer to Table 5-29 and Table 5-31 for delay adders associated with different I/O Standards, drive strengths, and slew rates. Refer to Table 5-19 and Table 5-20 for tXZ delay adders associated with different I/O Standards, drive strengths, and slew rates. Refer to Table 5-17 and Table 5-18 for tZX delay adders associated with different I/O Standards, drive strengths, and slew rates.
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DC & Switching Characteristics
Tables 5-17 and 5-18 show the adder delays for tOD and tZX microparameters when using an I/O standard other than 3.3-V LVTTL with 16 mA drive strength.
Table 5-17. tZX IOE Microparameter Adders for Fast Slew Rate -3 Speed Grade Standard Min
3.3-V LVCMOS 8 mA 4 mA 3.3-V LVTTL 16 mA 8 mA 2.5-V LVTTL 14 mA 7 mA 1.8-V LVTTL 6 mA 3 mA 1.5-V LVTTL 4 mA 2 mA 3.3-V PCI 20 mA
-4 Speed Grade Min Max
0 37 0 37 19 124 585 684 1,204 1,307 25
-5 Speed Grade Unit Min Max
0 45 0 45 23 152 720 842 1,482 1,608 31 ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps
Max
0 28 0 28 14 95 450 526 926 1,005 19
Table 5-18. tZX IOE MIcroparameter Adders for Slow Slew Rate -3 Speed Grade Standard Min
3.3-V LVCMOS 8 mA 4 mA 3.3-V LVTTL 16 mA 8 mA 2.5-V LVTTL 14 mA 7 mA 3.3-V PCI 20 mA
-4 Speed Grade Min Max
5,382 6,116 5,382 6,116 8,210 9,137 -375
-5 Speed Grade Unit Min Max
5,081 5,815 5,081 5,815 7,909 8,836 -676 ps ps ps ps ps ps ps
Max
5,682 6,416 5,682 6,416 8,510 9,437 -75
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Timing Model & Specifications
Table 5-19. tXZ IOE Microparameter Adders for Fast Slew Rate -3 Speed Grade Standard Min
3.3-V LVCMOS 8 mA 4 mA 3.3-V LVTTL 16 mA 8 mA 2.5-V LVTTL 14 mA 7 mA 1.8-V LVTTL 6 mA 3 mA 1.5-V LVTTL 4 mA 2 mA 3.3-V PCI 20 mA
-4 Speed Grade Min Max
0 -72 0 -72 -4 -61 52 61 198 256 93
-5 Speed Grade Unit Min Max
0 -89 0 -89 -5 -75 64 75 243 315 114 ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps
Max
0 -56 0 -56 -3 -47 40 -47 152 197 71
Table 5-20. tXZ IOE MIcroparameter Adders for Slow Slew Rate -3 Speed Grade Standard Min
3.3-V LVCMOS 8 mA 4 mA 3.3-V LVTTL 16 mA 8 mA 2.5-V LVTTL 14 mA 7 mA 3.3-V PCI 20 mA
-4 Speed Grade Min Max
-20 -67 -20 -67 -4 -38 -65
-5 Speed Grade Unit Min Max
-247 -294 -247 -294 -231 -265 -292 ps ps ps ps ps ps ps
Max
206 159 206 159 222 188 161
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DC & Switching Characteristics
Table 5-21. UFM Block Internal Timing Microparameters (Part 1 of 2) -3 Speed Grade Symbol
tASU
-4 Speed Grade Min
20
-5 Speed Grade Unit Min
20
Parameter Min
Address register shift signal setup to address register clock Address register shift signal hold to address register clock Address register data in setup to address register clock Address register data in hold from address register clock Data register shift signal setup to data register clock Data register shift signal hold from data register clock Data register data in setup to data register clock Data register data in hold from data register clock Program signal to data clock hold time Maximum delay between program rising edge to UFM busy signal rising edge Minimum delay allowed from UFM busy signal going low to program signal going low 20 20
Max
Max
Max
ns
tAH
20
20
20
ns
tADS
20
20
20
ns
tADH
20
20
20
ns
tDSS
60
60
60
ns
tDSH
20
20
20
ns
tDDS
20
20
20
ns
tDDH
20
20
20
ns
tDP tPB
0 960
0 960
0 960
ns ns
tBP
20
20
ns
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Timing Model & Specifications
Table 5-21. UFM Block Internal Timing Microparameters (Part 2 of 2) -3 Speed Grade Symbol
tPPMX
-4 Speed Grade Min Max
100
-5 Speed Grade Unit Min Max
100 s
Parameter Min
Maximum length of busy pulse during a program Minimum erase signal to address clock hold time Maximum delay between the erase rising edge to the UFM busy signal rising edge Minimum delay allowed from the UFM busy signal going low to erase signal going low Maximum length of busy pulse during an erase Delay from data register clock to data register output Delay from data register clock to data register output Maximum read access time Maximum delay between the OSC_ENA rising edge to the erase/program signal rising edge Minimum delay allowed from the erase/program signal going low to OSC_ENA signal going low 350 136 20 0
Max
100
tAE
0
0
ns
tEB
960
960
960
ns
tBE
20
20
ns
tEPMX
500
500
500
ms
tDCO
5
5
5
ns
tOE
136
136
ns
tRA tOSCS
65 350
65 350
65
ns ns
tOSCH
350
350
350
ns
Figures 5-2 through 5-4 show the read, program, and erase waveforms for UFM block timing parameters shown in Table 5-21.
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DC & Switching Characteristics
Figure 5-2. UFM Read Waveforms
ARShft ARClk ARDin DRShft DRClk DRDin DRDout OSC_ENA Program Erase Busy tADS tDSS tDCO tDCLK 16 Data Bits tDSH tASU tACLK 9 Address Bits tAH tADH
Figure 5-3. UFM Program Waveforms
ARShft ARClk ARDin DRShft DRClk DRDin DRDout OSC_ENA Program Erase Busy
tPPMX
tASU
9 Address Bits tACLK
tAH tADH
tADS tDSS
16 Data Bits tDCLK
tDSH
tDDS
tDDH tOSCS tOSCH
tPB
tBP
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Timing Model & Specifications
Figure 5-4. UFM Erase Waveforms
ARShft ARClk ARDin DRShft DRClk DRDin DRDout OSC_ENA Program Erase Busy tEB tEPMX tBE tOSCS tOSCH tADS tASU tACLK
9 Address Bits
tAH tADH
Table 5-22. Routing Delay Internal Timing Microparameters -3 Speed Grade Routing Min
tC4 tR4 tLOCAL
-4 Speed Grade Min Max
480 593 445
-5 Speed Grade Unit Min Max
591 730 548 ps ps ps
Max
369 456 342
External Timing Parameters
External timing parameters are specified by device density and speed grade. All external I/O timing parameters shown are for the 3.3-V LVTTL I/O standard with the maximum drive strength and fast slew rate. For external I/O timing using standards other than LVTTL or for different current strengths, use the I/O standard input and output delay adders in Tables 5-27 through 5-31.
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DC & Switching Characteristics
Table 5-23 shows the external I/O timing parameters for EPM240 devices.
Table 5-23. EPM240 Global Clock External I/O Timing Parameters -3 Speed Grade Symbol
tPD1
-4 Speed Grade Min Max
6.2
-5 Speed Grade Unit Min Max
7.6 ns
Parameter
Worst case pin to pin delay through 1 look-up table (LUT) Best case pin to pin delay through 1 LUT Global clock setup time Global clock hold time Global clock to output delay Global clock high time Global clock low time Minimum global clock period for 16-bit counter Maximum global clock frequency for 16-bit counter
Condition Min
10 pF
Max
4.7
tPD2
10 pF
3.8
4.9
6.0
ns
tSU tH tCO
1.6 0.0 10 pF 2.0 4.3
2.1 0.0 2.0 5.6
2.6 0.0 2.0 6.9
ns ns ns
tCH tCL tCNT
170 170 3.3
221 221 4.0
272 272 4.9
ps ps ns
fCNT
304.0 (1)
249.9
202.9
MHz
Note to Table 5-23:
(1) The maximum frequency is limited by the I/O standard on the clock input pin. The 16-bit counter critical delay performs faster than this global clock input pin maximum frequency.
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Timing Model & Specifications
Table 5-24 shows the external I/O timing parameters for EPM570 devices.
Table 5-24. EPM570 Global Clock External I/O Timing Parameters -3 Speed Grade Symbol
tPD1
-4 Speed Grade Min Max
7.1
-5 Speed Grade Unit Min Max
8.8 ns
Parameter
Worst case pin to pin delay through 1 look-up table (LUT) Best case pin to pin delay through 1 LUT Global clock setup time Global clock hold time Global clock to output delay Global clock high time Global clock low time Minimum global clock period for 16-bit counter Maximum global clock frequency for 16-bit counter
Condition Min
10 pF
Max
5.5
tPD2
10 pF
3.7
4.8
6.0
ns
tSU tH tCO
1.4 0.0 10 pF 2.0 4.5
1.9 0.0 2.0 5.9
2.3 0.0 2.0 7.2
ns ns ns
tCH tCL tCNT
170 170 3.3
221 221 4.0
272 272 4.9
ps ps ns
fCNT
304.0 (1)
249.9
202.9
MHz
Note to Table 5-24:
(1) The maximum frequency is limited by the I/O standard on the clock input pin. The 16-bit counter critical delay performs faster than this global clock input pin maximum frequency.
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DC & Switching Characteristics
Table 5-25 shows the external I/O timing parameters for EPM1270 devices
Table 5-25. EPM1270 Global Clock External I/O Timing Parameters -3 Speed Grade Symbol
tPD1
-4 Speed Grade Min Max
8.2
-5 Speed Grade Unit Min Max
10.1 ns
Parameter
Worst case pin to pin delay through 1 look-up table (LUT) Best case pin to pin delay through 1 LUT Global clock setup time Global clock hold time Global clock to output delay Global clock high time Global clock low time Minimum global clock period for 16-bit counter Maximum global clock frequency for 16-bit counter
Condition Min
10 pF
Max
6.3
tPD2
10 pF
3.7
4.8
6.0
ns
tSU tH tCO
1.4 0.0 10 pF 2.0 4.6
1.8 0.0 2.0 6.0
2.2 0.0 2.0 7.3
ns ns ns
tCH tCL tCNT
170 170 3.3
221 221 4.0
272 272 4.9
ps ps ns
fCNT
304.0 (1)
249.9
202.9
MHz
Note to Table 5-25:
(1) The maximum frequency is limited by the I/O standard on the clock input pin. The 16-bit counter critical delay performs faster than this global clock input pin maximum frequency.
Altera Corporation December 2004
Core Version a.b.c variable
5-21 MAX II Device Handbook, Volume 1
Timing Model & Specifications
Table 5-26 shows the external I/O timing parameters for EPM2210 devices.
Table 5-26. EPM2210 Global Clock External I/O Timing Parameters -3 Speed Grade Symbol
tPD1
-4 Speed Grade Min Max
9.2
-5 Speed Grade Unit Min Max
11.3 ns
Parameter
Worst case pin to pin delay through 1 look-up table (LUT) Best case pin to pin delay through 1 LUT Global clock setup time Global clock hold time Global clock to output delay Global clock high time Global clock low time Minimum global clock period for 16-bit counter Maximum global clock frequency for 16-bit counter
Condition Min
10 pF
Max
7.1
tPD2
10 pF
3.7
4.8
6.0
ns
tSU tH tCO
1.4 0.0 10 pF 2.0 4.7
1.8 0.0 2.0 6.1
2.2 0.0 2.0 7.5
ns ns ns
tCH tCL tCNT
170 170 3.3
221 221 4.0
272 272 4.9
ps ps ns
fCNT
304.0 (1)
249.9
202.9
MHz
Note to Table 5-26:
(1) The maximum frequency is limited by the I/O standard on the clock input pin. The 16-bit counter critical delay performs faster than this global clock input pin maximum frequency.
5-22 MAX II Device Handbook, Volume 1
Core Version a.b.c variable
Altera Corporation December 2004
DC & Switching Characteristics
External Timing I/O Delay Adders
I/O delay timing parameters for I/O standard input and output adders and input delays are specified by speed grade independent of device density. Tables 5-27 through 5-31 show the adder delays associated with I/O pins for all packages. If an I/O standard is selected other than LVTTL with a unit value of 16 mA and a fast slew rate, add the selected input delay adder to the external tSU timing parameters shown in Tables 5-23 through 5-26. Add the output delay adder to the external tCO and tPD shown in Tables 5-23 through 5-26.
Table 5-27. External Timing Input Delay Adders -3 Speed Grade Standard Min
3.3-V LVTTL Without Schmitt Trigger With Schmitt Trigger 3.3-V LVCMOS Without Schmitt Trigger With Schmitt Trigger 2.5-V LVTTL Without Schmitt Trigger With Schmitt Trigger 1.8-V LVTTL 1.5-V LVTTL 3.3-V PCI Without Schmitt Trigger Without Schmitt Trigger Without Schmitt Trigger
-4 Speed Grade Min Max
0 434 0 434 30 441 378 885 0
-5 Speed Grade Unit Min Max
0 535 0 535 37 543 466 1,090 0 ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps
Max
0 334 0 334 23 339 291 681 0
Altera Corporation December 2004
Core Version a.b.c variable
5-23 MAX II Device Handbook, Volume 1
Timing Model & Specifications
Table 5-28. External Timing Input Delay tGLOB Adders for GCLK Pins -3 Speed Grade Standard Min
3.3-V LVTTL Without Schmitt Trigger With Schmitt Trigger 3.3-V LVCMOS Without Schmitt Trigger With Schmitt Trigger 2.5-V LVTTL Without Schmitt Trigger With Schmitt Trigger 1.8-V LVTTL 1.5-V LVTTL 3.3-V PCI Without Schmitt Trigger Without Schmitt Trigger Without Schmitt Trigger
-4 Speed Grade Min Max
0 400 0 400 27 550 459 1,111 7
-5 Speed Grade Unit Min Max
0 493 0 493 33 677 565 1,368 9 ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps
Max
0 308 0 308 21 423 353 855 6
Table 5-29. External Timing Input Delay & tOD Adders for Fast Slew Rate -3 Speed Grade Standard Min
3.3-V LVTTL 16 mA 8 mA 3.3-V LVCMOS 8 mA 4 mA 2.5-V LVTTL 14 mA 7 mA 1.8-V LVTTL 6 mA 3 mA 1.5-V LVTTL 4 mA 2 mA 3.3-V PCI 20 mA
-4 Speed Grade Min Max
0 84 0 84 158 251 738 850 1,376 1,517 4
-5 Speed Grade Unit Min Max
0 104 0 104 195 309 909 1,046 1,694 1,867 5 ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps ps
Max
0 65 0 65 122 193 568 654 1,059 1,167 3
5-24 MAX II Device Handbook, Volume 1
Core Version a.b.c variable
Altera Corporation December 2004
DC & Switching Characteristics
Table 5-30. External Timing Output Delay & tOD Adders for Slow Slew Rate -3 Speed Grade Standard Min
3.3-V LVTTL 16 mA 8 mA 3.3-V LVCMOS 8 mA 4 mA 2.5-V LVTTL 14 mA 7 mA 3.3-V PCI 20 mA
-4 Speed Grade Min Max
5,391 6,126 5,391 6,126 8,199 9,127 339
-5 Speed Grade Unit Min Max
5,072 5,807 5,072 5,807 7,880 8,808 418 ps ps ps ps ps ps ps
Max
5,710 6,445 5,710 6,445 8,518 9,446 261
Table 5-31. MAX II IOE Programmable Delays -3 Speed Grade Parameter Min
Increase_input_delay_to_internal_cells=ON Increase_input_delay_to_internal_cells=OFF
-4 Speed Grade Min Max
2,388 278
-5 Speed Grade Unit Min Max
2,939 342 ps ps
Max
1,837 214
Maximum Input & Output Clock Rates
Tables 5-32 and 5-33 show the maximum input and output clock rates for standard I/O pins in MAX II devices.
Table 5-32. MAX II Maximum Input Clock Rate for I/O (Part 1 of 2) Standard
3.3-V LVTTL Without Schmitt Trigger With Schmitt Trigger 3.3-V LVCMOS Without Schmitt Trigger With Schmitt Trigger 2.5-V LVTTL Without Schmitt Trigger With Schmitt Trigger 2.5-V LVCMOS Without Schmitt Trigger With Schmitt Trigger
-3 Speed Grade
304 250 304 250 220 188 220 188
-4 Speed Grade
304 250 304 250 220 188 220 188
-5 Speed Grade
304 250 304 250 220 188 220 188
Unit
MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz
Altera Corporation December 2004
Core Version a.b.c variable
5-25 MAX II Device Handbook, Volume 1
Timing Model & Specifications
Table 5-32. MAX II Maximum Input Clock Rate for I/O (Part 2 of 2) Standard
1.8-V LVTTL 1.8-V LVCMOS 1.5-V LVCMOS 3.3-V PCI Without Schmitt Trigger Without Schmitt Trigger Without Schmitt Trigger Without Schmitt Trigger
-3 Speed Grade
200 200 150 304
-4 Speed Grade
200 200 150 304
-5 Speed Grade
200 200 150 304
Unit
MHz MHz MHz MHz
Table 5-33. MAX II Maximum Output Clock Rate for I/O Standard
3.3-V LVTTL 3.3-V LVCMOS 2.5-V LVTTL 2.5-V LVCMOS 1.8-V LVTTL 1.8-V LVCMOS 1.5-V LVCMOS 3.3-V PCI
-3 Speed Grade
304 304 220 220 200 200 150 304
-4 Speed Grade
304 304 220 220 200 200 150 304
-5 Speed Grade
304 304 220 220 200 200 150 304
Unit
MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz MHz
5-26 MAX II Device Handbook, Volume 1
Core Version a.b.c variable
Altera Corporation December 2004
DC & Switching Characteristics
JTAG Timing Specifications
Figure 5-5 shows the timing waveforms for the JTAG signals. Figure 5-5. MAX II JTAG Timing Waveforms
TMS
TDI t JCP t JCH TCK tJPZX TDO tJSSU Signal to Be Captured Signal to Be Driven tJSH t JPCO t JPXZ t JCL t JPSU t JPH
tJSZX
tJSCO
tJSXZ
Table 5-34 shows the JTAG Timing parameters and values for MAX II devices.
Table 5-34. MAX II JTAG Timing Parameters (Part 1 of 2) Symbol
tJCP (1)
Parameter
TCK clock period for VCCIO1 = 3.3 V TCK clock period for VCCIO1 = 2.5 V TCK clock period for VCCIO1 = 1.8 V TCK clock period for VCCIO1 = 1.5 V
Min
55.5 62.5 100 143 20 20 8 10
Max
Unit
ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns
tJCH tJCL tJPSU tJPH
TCK clock high time TCK clock low time JTAG port setup time (2) JTAG port hold time
Altera Corporation December 2004
Core Version a.b.c variable
5-27 MAX II Device Handbook, Volume 1
Timing Model & Specifications
Table 5-34. MAX II JTAG Timing Parameters (Part 2 of 2) Symbol
tJPCO tJPZX
Parameter
JTAG port clock to output (2) JTAG port high impedance to valid output (2) JTAG port valid output to high impedance (2) Capture register setup time Capture register hold time Update register clock to output Update register high impedance to valid output Update register valid output to high impedance
Min
Max
15 15
Unit
ns ns
tJPXZ
15
ns
tJSSU tJSH tJSCO tJSZX
8 10 25 25
ns ns ns ns
tJSXZ
25
ns
Notes to Table 5-34:
(1) (2) Minimum clock period specified for 10 pF load on the TDO pin. Larger loads on TDO will degrade the maximum TCK frequency. This specification is shown for 3.3-V LVTTL/LVCMOS and 2.5-V LVTTL/LVCMOS operation of the JTAG pins. For 1.8-V LVTTL/LVCMOS and 1.5-V LVCMOS, the tJPSU minimum is 6 ns and tJPCO, tJPZX, and tJPXZ are maximum values at 35 ns.
5-28 MAX II Device Handbook, Volume 1
Core Version a.b.c variable
Altera Corporation December 2004
Chapter 6. Reference & Ordering Information
MII51006-1.0
Software
MAX(R) II devices are supported by the Altera(R) Quartus(R) II design software with new, optional MAX+PLUS(R) II look and feel, which provides HDL and schematic design entry, compilation and logic synthesis, full simulation and advanced timing analysis, and device programming. See the Design Software Selector Guide for more details on the Quartus II software features. The Quartus II software supports the Windows XP/2000/NT, Sun Solaris, Linux Red Hat v8.0, and HP-UX operating systems. It also supports seamless integration with industry-leading EDA tools through the NativeLink(R) interface.
Device Pin-Outs
Printed device pin-outs for MAX II devices will be released on the Altera web site (www.altera.com) and in the MAX II Device Handbook when they are available. Figure 6-1 describes the ordering codes for MAX II devices. For more information on a specific package, refer to the chapter on Package Information.
Ordering Information
Altera Corporation March 2004
Core Version a.b.c variable
6-1 Preliminary
Ordering Information
Figure 6-1. MAX II Device Packaging Ordering Information
EPM
Family Signature EPM: MAX II
240
G
T
100
C
3
ES Optional Suffix Indicates specific device options or shipment method ES: Engineering sample N: Lead-free packaging
Device Type
240: 570: 1270: 2210:
240 Logic Elements 570 Logic Elements 1,270 Logic Elements 2,210 Logic Elements
Speed Grade
3, 4, or 5 with 3 being the fastest
Product-Line Suffix
Operating Temperature
Indicates device core voltage 1.8-V VCCINT device G: Blank: 2.5-V or 3.3-V VCCINT device
Package Type T: F: Thin quad flat pack (TQFP) FineLine BGA(R)
C: I:
Commercial temperature (TJ = 0 C to 85 C) Industrial temperature (TJ = -40 C to 100 C)
Pin Count
Number of pins for a particular package
Dual Marking
On MAX II devices, packages display a dual marking for the -4 commercial and -5 industrial ordering codes. For example, both EPM570GT100C4 and EPM570GT100I5 ordering codes are marked on the same package.
6-2 MAX II Device Handbook, Volume 1
Core Version a.b.c variable
Altera Corporation March 2004

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