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TL594 PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUITS
SLVS052D - APRIL 1988 - REVISED AUGUST 2000
D D D D D D D D
Complete PWM Power Control Circuitry Uncommitted Outputs for 200-mA Sink or Source Current Output Control Selects Single-Ended or Push-Pull Operation Internal Circuitry Prohibits Double Pulse at Either Output Variable Dead Time Provides Control Over Total Range Internal Regulator Provides a Stable 5-V Reference Supply Trimmed to 1% Circuit Architecture Allows Easy Synchronization Undervoltage Lockout for Low VCC Conditions
D, N, OR PW PACKAGE (TOP VIEW) 1IN+ 1IN- FEEDBACK DTC CT RT GND C1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 2IN+ 2IN- REF OUTPUT CTRL VCC C2 E2 E1
description
The TL594 incorporates all the functions required in the construction of a pulse-width-modulation (PWM) control circuit on a single chip. Designed primarily for power-supply control, these devices offer the systems engineer the flexibility to tailor the power-supply control circuitry to a specific application. The TL594 contains two error amplifiers, an on-chip adjustable oscillator, a dead-time control (DTC) comparator, a pulse-steering control flip-flop, a 5-V regulator with a precision of 1%, an undervoltage lockout control circuit, and output control circuitry. The error amplifiers exhibit a common-mode voltage range from -0.3 V to VCC -2 V. The DTC comparator has a fixed offset that provides approximately 5% dead time. The on-chip oscillator can be bypassed by terminating RT to the reference output and providing a sawtooth input to CT, or it can be used to drive the common circuitry in synchronous multiple-rail power supplies. The uncommitted output transistors provide either common-emitter or emitter-follower output capability. Each device provides for push-pull or single-ended output operation, with selection by means of the output-control function. The architecture of these devices prohibits the possibility of either output being pulsed twice during push-pull operation. The undervoltage lockout control circuit locks the outputs off until the internal circuitry is operational. The TL594C is characterized for operation from 0C to 70C. The TL594I is characterized for operation from -40C to 85C.
FUNCTION TABLE INPUT OUTPUT CTRL VI = -0 VI = Vref OUTPUT FUNCTION Single-ended or parallel output Normal push-pull operation
Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet.
PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date. Products conform to specifications per the terms of Texas Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters.
Copyright (c) 2000, Texas Instruments Incorporated
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TL594 PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUITS
SLVS052D - APRIL 1988 - REVISED AUGUST 2000
AVAILABLE OPTIONS PACKAGED DEVICES TA SMALL OUTLINE (D) TL594CD TL594ID PLASTIC DIP (N) TL594CN TL594IN PLASTIC THIN SHRINK SMALL OUTLINE (PW) TL594CPW TL594IPW CHIP FORM (Y)
0C to 70C -40C to 85C
TL594Y
The D and PW packages are also available taped and reeled. Add the suffix R to device type (e.g., TL594CDR). Chip forms are tested at 25C.
functional block diagram
OUTPUT CTRL (see Function Table) 13 6 RT 5 CT 0.1 V 4 DTC Oscillator 1D DTC Comparator C1 8 9 C1 E1
Error Amplifier 1 IN+ IN- 1 2 + 1 -
PWM Comparator Pulse-Steering Flip-Flop
11 10
C2 E2
Error Amplifier 2 IN+ IN- 16 15 + 2 - Undervoltage Lockout Control Reference Regulator
12
VCC
14 FEEDBACK 3 0.7 mA 7
REF GND
2
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TL594 PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUITS
SLVS052D - APRIL 1988 - REVISED AUGUST 2000
absolute maximum ratings over operating free-air temperature range (unless otherwise noted)
Supply voltage, VCC (see Note 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 V Amplifier input voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VCC+0.3 V Collector output voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 V Collector output current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250 mA Package thermal impedance, JA (see Note 2): D package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73C/W N package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67C/W PW package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108C/W Lead temperature 1,6 mm (1/16 inch) from case for 10 seconds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260C Storage temperature range, Tstg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 65C to 150C
Stresses beyond those listed under "absolute maximum ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under "recommended operating conditions" is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. NOTES: 1. All voltage values, except differential voltages, are with respect to the network ground terminal. 2. The package thermal impedance is calculated in accordance with JESD 51.
recommended operating conditions
MIN Supply voltage, VCC Amplifier input voltage, VI Collector output voltage, VO Collector output current (each transistor) Current into feedback terminal Timing capacitor, CT Timing resistor, RT Oscillator frequency, fosc Operating free-air temperature, TA free air temperature TL594C TL594I 0.47 1.8 1 0 -40 7 -0.3 MAX 40 VCC-2 40 200 0.3 10000 500 300 70 85 UNIT V V V mA mA nF k kHz C C
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TL594 PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUITS
SLVS052D - APRIL 1988 - REVISED AUGUST 2000
electrical characteristics over recommended operating conditions, VCC = 15 V, (unless otherwise noted)
reference section
PARAMETER Output voltage (REF) Input regulation Output regulation Output-voltage change with temperature Short-circuit output current TEST CONDITIONS IO = 1 mA, VCC = 7 V to 40 V, IO = 1 to 10 mA, TA = MIN to MAX TA = 25C TA = 25C TA = 25C TL594C, TL594I MIN TYP MAX 4.95 5 2 14 2 5.05 25 35 10 50 UNIT V mV mV mV/V mA
Vref = 0 10 35 For conditions shown as MIN or MAX, use the appropriate value specified under recommended operating conditions. All typical values except for parameter changes with temperature are at TA = 25C. Duration of the short circuit should not exceed one second.
amplifier section (see Figure 1)
PARAMETER Input offset voltage, error amplifier Input offset current Input bias current Common-mode input voltage range, error amplifier Open-loop voltage amplification, error amplifier Unity-gain bandwidth Common-mode rejection ratio, error amplifier Output sink current, FEEDBACK Output source current, FEEDBACK FEEDBACK = 2.5 V FEEDBACK = 2.5 V FEEDBACK = 2.5 V VCC = 7 V to 40 V VO = 3 V, VO = 0.5 V to 3.5 V, VCC = 40 V, VID = -15 mV to -5 V, VID = 15 mV to 5 V, RL = 2 k, RL = 2 k TA = 25C FEEDBACK = 0.5 V FEEDBACK = 3.5 V 65 0.3 -2 VO = 0.5 V to 3.5 V 0.3 to VCC-2 70 95 800 80 0.7 TEST CONDITIONS TL594C, TL594I MIN TYP MAX 2 25 0.2 10 250 1 UNIT mV nA A V
dB kHz dB mA mA
All typical values except for parameter changes with temperature are at TA = 25C.
oscillator section, CT = 0.01 F, RT = 12 k (see Figure 2)
PARAMETER Frequency Standard deviation of frequency Frequency change with voltage Frequency change with temperature# All values of VCC, CT, RT, and TA constant VCC = 7 V to 40 V, TA = MIN to MAX TA = 25C TEST CONDITIONS MIN TL594C, TL594I TYP MAX 10 100 1 50 UNIT kHz Hz/kHz Hz/kHz Hz/kHz
For conditions shown as MIN or MAX, use the appropriate value specified under recommended operating conditions. All typical values except for parameter changes with temperature are at TA = 25C. Standard deviation is a measure of the statistical distribution about the mean as derived from the formula: N (x n n+1
N1 # Temperature coefficient of timing capacitor and timing resistor not taken into account.
s
+
* X)2
*
4
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TL594 PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUITS
SLVS052D - APRIL 1988 - REVISED AUGUST 2000
electrical characteristics over recommended operating free-air temperature range, VCC = 15 V, (unless otherwise noted)
dead-time control section (see Figure 2)
PARAMETER Input bias current Maximum duty cycle, each output Input threshold voltage TEST CONDITIONS VI = 0 to 5.25 V DTC = 0 V Zero duty cycle Maximum duty cycle 0 TL594C, TL594I MIN TYP MAX -2 0.45 3 3.3 V -10 UNIT A
All typical values except for parameter changes with temperature are at TA = 25C.
output section
PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS VC = 40 V, VE = 0 V, VCC = 40 V DTC and OUTPUT CTRL = 0 V, VC = 15 V, VE = 0 V, VCC = 1 to 3 V Common emitter Emitter follower VCC = VC = 40 V, VE = 0, VC = 15 V, VI = Vref VE = 0 IC = 200 mA IE = -200 mA TL594C, TL594I MIN TYP MAX 2 4 100 200 -100 1.1 1.5 1.3 2.5 3.5 A A V mA UNIT
Collector off-state current Emitter off-state current Collector emitter saturation voltage Collector-emitter
Output control input current All typical values except for parameter changes with temperature are at TA = 25C.
pwm comparator section (see Figure 2)
PARAMETER Input threshold voltage, FEEDBACK Input sink current, FEEDBACK TEST CONDITIONS Zero duty cycle FEEDBACK = 0.5 V 0.3 MIN TL594C, TL594I TYP MAX 4 0.7 4.5 UNIT V mA
All typical values except for parameter changes with temperature are at TA = 25C.
undervoltage lockout section (see Figure 2)
PARAMETER Threshold voltage TEST CONDITIONS TA = 25C TA = MIN to MAX TL594C, TL594I MIN 3.5 MAX 6 6.9 UNIT V mV
Hysteresis 100 For conditions shown as MIN or MAX, use the appropriate value specified under recommended operating conditions. Hysteresis is the difference between the positive-going input threshold voltage and the negative-going input threshold voltage.
PARAMETER Standby supply current
TEST CONDITIONS RT at Vref, All other inputs and outputs open VCC = 15 V VCC = 40 V
TL594C, TL594I MIN TYP MAX 9 11 12.4 15 18
UNIT mA mA
Average supply current DTC = 2 V, See Figure 2 All typical values except for parameter changes with temperature are at TA = 25C.
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TL594 PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUITS
SLVS052D - APRIL 1988 - REVISED AUGUST 2000
electrical characteristics over recommended operating free-air temperature range, VCC = 15 V, (unless otherwise noted) (continued) switching characteristics, TA = 25C
PARAMETER Output-voltage rise time Output-voltage fall time Output-voltage rise time Output-voltage fall time TEST CONDITIONS Common-emitter Common emitter configuration (see Figure 3 Emitter-follower Emitter follower configuration (see Figure 4) MIN TL594C, TL594I MAX TYP 100 30 200 45 200 100 400 100 UNIT ns ns ns ns
All typical values except for parameter changes with temperature are at TA = 25C.
electrical characteristics over recommended operating conditions, VCC = 15 V, TA = 25C (unless otherwise noted)
reference section
PARAMETER Output voltage (REF) Input regulation Output regulation Short-circuit output current Duration of the short circuit should not exceed one second. TEST CONDITIONS IO = 1 mA VCC = 7 V to 40 V IO = 1 to 10 mA Vref = 0 TL594Y MIN TYP 5 2 14 35 MAX UNIT V mV mV mA
oscillator section, CT = 0.01 F, RT = 12 k (see Figure 2)
PARAMETER Frequency Standard deviation of frequency All values of VCC, CT, RT, and TA constant TEST CONDITIONS TL594Y MIN TYP 10 100 1 MAX UNIT kHz Hz/kHz Hz/kHz
Frequency change with voltage VCC = 7 V to 40 V Standard deviation is a measure of the statistical distribution about the mean as derived from the formula: N (x n n+1 N
s
+
* X)2
*1
TEST CONDITIONS FEEDBACK = 2.5 V FEEDBACK = 2.5 V FEEDBACK = 2.5 V VO = 3 V, VO = 0.5 V to 3.5 V, VCC = 40 V, VID = -15 mV to -5 V, RL = 2 k, RL = 2 k TA = 25C FEEDBACK = 0.5 V VO = 0.5 V to 3.5 V TL594Y MIN TYP 2 25 0.2 95 800 80 0.7 MAX UNIT mV nA A dB kHz dB mA
amplifier section (see Figure 1)
PARAMETER Input offset voltage, error amplifier Input offset current Input bias current Open-loop voltage amplification, error amplifier Unity-gain bandwidth Common-mode rejection ratio, error amplifier Output sink current, FEEDBACK
6
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TL594 PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUITS
SLVS052D - APRIL 1988 - REVISED AUGUST 2000
electrical characteristics over recommended operating free-air temperature range, VCC = 15 V, TA = 25C (unless otherwise noted)
dead-time control section (see Figure 2)
PARAMETER Input bias current Input threshold voltage TEST CONDITIONS VI = 0 to 5.25 V Zero duty cycle TL594Y MIN TYP -2 3 MAX UNIT A V
output section
PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS VC = 40 V, VE = 0 V, VCC = 40 V DTC and OUTPUT CTRL = 0 V, VC = 15 V, VE = 0 V, VCC = 1 to 3 V Common emitter Emitter follower VCC = VC = 40 V, VE = 0, VC = 15 V, VE = 0 IC = 200 mA IE = -200 mA TL594Y MIN TYP 2 4 A A 1.1 1.5 V MAX UNIT
Collector off-state current Emitter off-state current Collector-emitter Collector emitter saturation voltage
pwm comparator section (see Figure 2)
PARAMETER Input threshold voltage, FEEDBACK Input sink current, FEEDBACK TEST CONDITIONS Zero duty cycle FEEDBACK = 0.5 V TL594Y MIN TYP 4 0.7 MAX UNIT V mA
total device (see Figure 2)
PARAMETER Standby supply current Average supply current TEST CONDITIONS All other inputs and outputs open, DTC = 2 V, RT at Vref See Figure 2 TL594Y MIN TYP 9 12.4 MAX UNIT mA mA
switching characteristics, TA = 25C
PARAMETER Output-voltage rise time Output-voltage fall time Output-voltage rise time Output-voltage fall time TEST CONDITIONS Common emitter configuration (see Figure 3) Common-emitter Emitter-follower Emitter follower configuration (see Figure 4) TL594Y MIN TYP 100 30 200 45 MAX UNIT ns ns ns ns
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TL594 PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUITS
SLVS052D - APRIL 1988 - REVISED AUGUST 2000
PARAMETER MEASUREMENT INFORMATION
Amplifier Under Test + VI - FEEDBACK
+ Vref - Other Amplifier
Figure 1. Amplifier-Characteristics Test Circuit
8
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TL594 PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUITS
SLVS052D - APRIL 1988 - REVISED AUGUST 2000
PARAMETER MEASUREMENT INFORMATION
VCC = 15 V 150 2W C1 E1 C2 E2 8 9 11 10 Output 2 150 2W Output 1
12 VCC 4 Test Inputs 12 k 3 6 5 0.01 F 1 2 16 15 13 DTC FEEDBACK TL594 RT CT
IN+ IN- IN+ IN- OUTPUT CTRL GND 7 REF 14 Error Amplifiers
50 k
TEST CIRCUIT
Voltage at C1
VCC 0V
Voltage at C2
VCC 0V
Voltage at CT Threshold Voltage DTC Input 0V Threshold Voltage Feedback Input 0.7 V Duty Cycle 0% VOLTAGE WAVEFORMS MAX 0%
Figure 2. Operational Test Circuit and Waveforms
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TL594 PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUITS
SLVS052D - APRIL 1988 - REVISED AUGUST 2000
PARAMETER MEASUREMENT INFORMATION
15 V 68 2W Output CL = 15 pF (includes probe and jig capacitance) TEST CIRCUIT 90% tf tr 90%
Each Output Circuit
10%
10%
OUTPUT-VOLTAGE WAVEFORM
Figure 3. Common-Emitter Configuration
15 V
Each Output Circuit
90%
90%
Output 68 2W
10%
10%
CL = 15 pF (includes probe and jig capacitance) TEST CIRCUIT
tr
tf
OUTPUT-VOLTAGE WAVEFORM
Figure 4. Emitter-Follower Configuration
10
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TL594 PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION CONTROL CIRCUITS
SLVS052D - APRIL 1988 - REVISED AUGUST 2000
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
OSCILLATOR FREQUENCY AND FREQUENCY VARIATION vs TIMING RESISTANCE
100 k 40 k -2% Oscillator Frequency - Hz 10 k 4k 1k 400 100 40 10 1k -1% 0% 0.1 F f = 1% CT = 1 F 0.01 F 0.001 F VCC = 15 V TA = 25C
4k 10 k 40 k 100 k RT - Timing Resistance -
400 k
1M
Frequency variation (f) is the change in oscillator frequency that occurs over the full temperature range.
Figure 5
AMPLIFIER VOLTAGE AMPLIFICATION vs FREQUENCY
100 90 80 Voltage Amplification - dB 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1 10 100 1k 10 k 100 k 1M VCC = 15 V VO = 3 V TA = 25C
f - Frequency - Hz
Figure 6
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Copyright (c) 2000, Texas Instruments Incorporated

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