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APPLICATION NOTES
AVAILABLE
AN42 * AN44-48 * AN50 * AN52 * AN53 * AN71 * AN73
Terminal Voltage 5V, X9C102/103/104/503 100 Taps
X9C102/103/104/503
E2POTTM Nonvolatile Digital Potentiometer
FEATURES DESCRIPTION
The Xicor X9C102/103/104/503 is a solid state nonvolatile potentiometer and is ideal for digitally controlled resistance trimming. The X9C102/103/104/503 is a resistor array composed of 99 resistive elements. Between each element and at either end are tap points accessible to the wiper element. The position of the wiper element is controlled by the CS, U/D, and INC inputs. The position of the wiper can be stored in nonvolatile memory and then be recalled upon a subsequent power-up operation. The resolution of the X9C102/103/104/503 is equal to the maximum resistance value divided by 99. As an example, for the X9C503 (50K) each tap point represents 505. All Xicor nonvolatile memories are designed and tested for applications requiring extended endurance and data retention.
* *
* *
* * * * *
Compatible with X9102/103/104/503 Low Power CMOS --VCC = 5V --Active Current, 3mA Max --Standby Current, 500A Max 99 Resistive Elements --Temperature Compensated -- 20% End to End Resistance Range 100 Wiper Tap Points --Wiper Positioned via Three-Wire Interface --Similar to TTL Up/Down Counter --Wiper Position Stored in Nonvolatile Memory and Recalled on Power-Up 100 Year Wiper Position Data Retention X9C102 = 1K X9C103 = 10K X9C503 = 50K X9C104 = 100K
FUNCTIONAL DIAGRAM
U/D INC CS
7-BIT UP/DOWN COUNTER
99 98 97
VH
7-BIT NONVOLATILE MEMORY
ONE OF ONEHUNDRED DECODER
96
TRANSFER GATES 2
RESISTOR ARRAY
VCC GND
STORE AND RECALL CONTROL CIRCUITRY
1 0 VL VW
3863 FHD F01
E2POTTM is a trademark of Xicor, Inc. (c)Xicor, Inc. 1994, 1995 Patents Pending 3863-2.4 9/18/96 T2/C0/D0 SH
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Characteristics subject to change without notice
X9C102/103/104/503
PIN DESCRIPTIONS VH and VL The high (VH) and low (VL) terminals of the X9C102/103/ 104/503 are equivalent to the fixed terminals of a mechanical potentiometer. The minimum voltage is -5V and the maximum is +5V. It should be noted that the terminology of VL and VH references the relative position of the terminal in relation to wiper movement direction selected by the U/D input and not the voltage potential on the terminal. VW VW is the wiper terminal, equivalent to the movable terminal of a mechanical potentiometer. The position of the wiper within the array is determined by the control inputs. The wiper terminal series resistance is typically 40. Up/Down (U/D) The U/D input controls the direction of the wiper movement and whether the counter is incremented or decremented. Increment (INC) The INC input is negative-edge triggered. Toggling INC will move the wiper and either increment or decrement the counter in the direction indicated by the logic level on the U/D input. Chip Select (CS) The device is selected when the CS input is LOW. The current counter value is stored in nonvolatile memory when CS is returned HIGH while the INC input is also HIGH. After the store operation is complete the X9C102/ 103/104/503 will be placed in the low power standby mode until the device is selected once again.
DIP/SOIC INC U/D VH VSS 1 2 3 4 8 7 X9C102/ 103/104/503 6 5 VCC CS VL VW
PIN CONFIGURATION
3863 FHD F02.2
PIN NAMES Symbol VH VW VL VSS VCC U/D INC CS NC Description High Terminal Wiper Terminal Low Terminal Ground Supply Voltage Up/Down Input Increment Input Chip Select Input No Connect
3863 PGM T01
2
X9C102/103/104/503
DEVICE OPERATION There are three sections of the X9C102/103/104/503: the input control, counter and decode section; the nonvolatile memory; and the resistor array. The input control section operates just like an up/down counter. The output of this counter is decoded to turn on a single electronic switch connecting a point on the resistor array to the wiper output. Under the proper conditions the contents of the counter can be stored in nonvolatile memory and retained for future use. The resistor array is comprised of 99 individual resistors connected in series. At either end of the array and between each resistor is an electronic switch that transfers the potential at that point to the wiper. The INC, U/D and CS inputs control the movement of the wiper along the resistor array. With CS set LOW the X9C102/103/104/503 is selected and enabled to respond to the U/D and INC inputs. HIGH to LOW transitions on INC will increment or decrement (depending on the state of the U/D input) a seven-bit counter. The output of this counter is decoded to select one of one-hundred wiper positions along the resistive array. The wiper, when at either fixed terminal, acts like its mechanical equivalent and does not move beyond the last position. That is, the counter does not wrap around when clocked to either extreme. The value of the counter is stored in nonvolatile memory whenever CS transistions HIGH while the INC input is also HIGH. When the X9C102/103/104/503 is powered-down, the last counter position stored will be maintained in the nonvolatile memory. When power is restored, the contents of the memory are recalled and the counter is reset to the value last stored. OPERATION NOTES The system may select the X9C102/103/104/503, move the wiper, and deselect the device without having to store the latest wiper, position in nonvolatile memory. The wiper movement is performed as described above; once the new position is reached, the system would the keep INC LOW while taking CS HIGH. The new wiper position would be maintained until changed by the system or until a power-down/up cycle recalled the previously stored data. This would allow the system to always power-up to a preset value stored in nonvolatile memory; then during system operation minor adjustments could be made. The adjustments might be based on user preference: system parameter changes due to temperature drift, etc... The state of U/D may be changed while CS remains LOW. This allows the host system to enable the X9C102/103/104/503 and then move the wiper up and down until the proper trim is attained. TIW/RTOTAL The electronic switches on the X9C102/103/104/503 operate in a "make before break" mode when the wiper changes tap positions. If the wiper is moved several positions, multiple taps are connected to the wiper for tIW (INC to VW change). The RTOTAL value for the device can temporarily be reduced by a significant amount if the wiper is moved several positions. RTOTAL with VCC Removed The end to end resistance of the array will fluctuate once VCC is removed. SYMBOL TABLE
WAVEFORM INPUTS Must be steady May change from LOW to HIGH May change from HIGH to LOW Don't Care: Changes Allowed N/A OUTPUTS Will be steady Will change from LOW to HIGH Will change from HIGH to LOW Changing: State Not Known Center Line is High Impedance
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X9C102/103/104/503
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS* Temperature under Bias .................. -65C to +135C Storage Temperature ....................... -65C to +150C Voltage on CS, INC, U/D and VCC with Respect to VSS ............................... -1V to +7V Voltage on VH and VL Referenced to VSS ................................. -8V to +8V V = |VH-VL| X9C102 ............................................................. 4V X9C103, X9C503, and X9C104 ...................... 10V Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 seconds).... +300C Wiper Current ..................................................... 1mA ANALOG CHARACTERISTICS Electrical Characteristics End-to-End Resistance Tolerance ..................... 20% Power Rating at 25C X9C102 ....................................................... 16mW X9C103, X9C503, and X9C104 .................. 10mW Wiper Current ............................................ 1mA Max. Typical Wiper Resistance ......................... 40 at 1mA Typical Noise .......................... < -120dB/ Hz Ref: 1V Resolution Resistance ............................................................. 1% Linearity Absolute Linearity(1) ........................................ 1.0 Ml(2) Relative Linearity(3) ..................................... 0.2 Ml(2) Test Circuit #1 Temperature Coefficient (-40C to +85C) X9C102 ...................................... +600 ppm/C Typical X9C103, X9C503, X9C104 ........ +300 ppm/C Typical Ratiometric Temperature Coefficient ............ 20 ppm Wiper Adjustability Unlimited Wiper Adjustment (Non-Store operation) Wiper Position Store Operations ................... 10,000 Data Changes Physical Characteristics Marking Includes Manufacturer`s Trademark Resistance Value or Code Date Code Test Circuit #2 *COMMENT Stresses above those listed under "Absolute Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only and the functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those listed in the operational sections of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
VH
VH TEST POINT
TEST POINT VW VL
3863 FHD F04
VW VL
FORCE CURRENT
3863 FHD F05
Notes: (1) Absolute Linearity is utilized to determine actual wiper voltage versus expected voltage = (Vw(n)(actual) - Vw(n)(expected)) = 1 Ml Maximum. (2) 1 Ml = Minimum Increment = RTOT/99. (3) Relative Linearity is a measure of the error in step size between taps = VW(n+1) - [Vw(n) + Ml] = +0.2 Ml.
4
X9C102/103/104/503
RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS Temperature Commercial Industrial Military Min. 0C -40C -55C Max. +70C +85C +125C
3863 PGM T03.1
Supply Voltage X9C102/103/104/503
Limits 5V 10%
3863 PGM T04.2
D.C. OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS (Over recommended operating conditions unless otherwise specified.) Limits Symbol ICC ISB ILI VIH VIL RW VH VL CIN(5) Parameter VCC Active Current Standby Supply Current CS, INC, U/D Input Leakage Current CS, INC, U/D Input HIGH Voltage CS, INC, U/D Input LOW Voltage Wiper Resistence VH Terminal Voltage VL Terminal Voltage CS, INC, U/D Input Capacitance Min. Typ.(4) 1 200 Max. 3 500 10 2 -1 40 -5 -5 VCC + 1 0.8 100 +5 +5 10 Units mA A A V V V V pF Max. Wiper Current 1mA Test Conditions CS = VIL, U/D = VIL or VIH and INC = 0.4V to 2.4V @ max. tCYC CS = VCC - 0.3V, U/D and INC = VSS or VCC - 0.3V VIN = VSS to VCC
VCC = 5V, VIN = VSS, TA = 25C, f = 1MHz
3863 PGM T05.3
STANDARD PARTS Part Number X9C102 X9C103 X9C503 X9C104 Maximum Resistance 1K 10K 50K 100K Wiper Increments 10.1 101 505 1010 Minimum Resistance 40 40 40 40
3863 PGM T08.1
Notes: (4) Typical values are for TA = 25C and nominal supply voltage. (5) This parameter is periodically sampled and not 100% tested.
5
X9C102/103/104/503
A.C. CONDITIONS OF TEST Input Pulse Levels Input Rise and Fall Times Input Reference Levels 0V to 3V 10ns 1.5V
3863 PGM T05.1
MODE SELECTION CS L L H H X L INC U/D H L X X X Mode Wiper Up Wiper Down Store Wiper Position Standby Current No Store, Return to Standby
3863 PGM T06
A.C. OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS (Over recommended operating conditions unless otherwise specified) Limits Symbol tCl tlD tDI tlL tlH tlC tCPH tIW tCYC tR, tF(7) tPU(7) tR VCC(7) A.C. Timing
CS tCYC tCI INC tID U/D tIW VW MI (8)
3863 FHD F03
Parameter CS to INC Setup INC HIGH to U/D Change U/D to INC Setup INC LOW Period INC HIGH Period INC Inactive to CS Inactive CS Deselect Time INC to Vw Change INC Cycle Time INC Input Rise and Fall Time Power up to Wiper Stable VCC Power-up Rate
Min. 100 100 2.9 1 1 1 20
Typ.(6)
Max.
Units ns ns s s s s ms s s s s mV/s
3863 PGM T07.3
100 4
500 500 500 50
0.2
tIL
tIH
tIC
tCPH 90% 90% 10%
tDI
tF
tR
Notes: (6) Typical values are for TA = 25C and nominal supply voltage. (7) This parameter is periodically sampled and not 100% tested. (8) MI in the A.C. timing diagram refers to the minimum incremental change in the VW output due to a change in the wiper position.
6
X9C102/103/104/503
Typical Frequency Response for X9C102
9 6 3
NORMALIZED GAIN (dB)
0 -3 -6 -9 -12 -15 -18 -21 0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00 1000.00 10000.00 FREQUENCY IN KHz
TEST CONDITIONS VCC = 5V Temp. = 25C Wiper @ Tap 50 VH = 0.5VRMS Normalized (0dB @ 1KHz) Test Circuit #1
3863 FHD F06
Typical Total Harmonic Distortion for X9C102
2.0 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2
THD (%)
TEST CONDITIONS VCC = 5V Temp. = 25C Wiper @ Tap 50 VH = 2VRMS Test Circuit #1
1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00 1000.00 10000.00 FREQUENCY IN KHz
3863 FHD F07
7
X9C102/103/104/503
Typical Linearity for X9C102
10 8 6
PERCENTAGE ERROR
TEST CONDITIONS VCC = 5V Temp. = 25C Test Circuit #2
4 2 0 -2 -4 -6 -8 KEY: = ABSOLUTE = RELATIVE
0039-9
-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
WIPER POSITION
3863 FHD F08
Typical Frequency Response for X9C103
9 6 3
NORMALIZED GAIN (dB)
0 -3 -6 -9 -12 -15 -18 -21 0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00 1000.00 FREQUENCY IN KHz
TEST CONDITIONS VCC = 5V Temp. = 25C Wiper @ Tap 50 VH = 0.5VRMS Normalized (0dB @ 1KHz) Test Circuit #1
3863 FHD F09
8
X9C102/103/104/503
Typical Total Harmonic Distortion for X9C103
2.0 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2
THD (%)
TEST CONDITIONS VCC = 5V Temp. = 25C Wiper @ Tap 50 VH = 2VRMS Test Circuit #1
1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00 1000.00 FREQUENCY IN KHz
3863 FHD F10
Typical Linearity for X9C103
10 8 6
TEST CONDITIONS VCC = 5V Temp. = 25C Test Circuit #2
PERCENTAGE ERROR
4 2 0 -2 -4 -6 -8 KEY: = ABSOLUTE = RELATIVE
0039-9
-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
WIPER POSITION
3863 FHD F11
9
X9C102/103/104/503
Typical Frequency Response for X9C503
9 6 3
NORMALIZED GAIN (dB)
0 -3 -6 -9 -12 -15 -18 -21 0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00 1000.00
TEST CONDITIONS VCC = 5V Temp. = 25C Wiper @ Tap 50 VH = 0.5VRMS Normalized (0dB @ 1 KHz) Test Circuit #1
FREQUENCY IN KHz
3863 FHD F12
Typical Total Harmonic Distortion for X9C503
9 1.8 1.6 1.4
THD (%)
TEST CONDITIONS VCC = 5V Temp. = 25C Wiper @ Tap 50 VH = 2VRMS Test Circuit #1
1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00 1000.00
FREQUENCY IN KHz
3863 FHD F13
10
X9C102/103/104/503
Typical Linearity for X9C503
10 8 6
PERCENTAGE ERROR
TEST CONDITIONS VCC = 5V Temp. = 25C Test Circuit #2
4 2 0 -2 -4 -6 -8 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 WIPER POSITION
3863 FHD F14
KEY: = ABSOLUTE = RELATIVE
0039-9
Typical Frequency Response for X9C104
9 6 3
NORMALIZED GAIN (dB)
0 -3 -6 -9 -12 -15 -18 -21 0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00 1000.00
TEST CONDITIONS VCC = 5V Temp. = 25C Wiper @ Tap 50 VH = 0.5VRMS Normalized (0dB @ 1 KHz) Test Circuit #1
FREQUENCY IN KHz
3863 FHD F15
11
X9C102/103/104/503
Typical Total Harmonic Distortion for X9C104
2.0 1.8 1.6 1.4
THD (%)
TEST CONDITIONS VCC = 5V Temp. = 25C Wiper @ Tap 50 VH = 2VRMS Test Circuit #1
1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 100.00 1000.00 10000.00
FREQUENCY IN KHz
3863 FHD F16
Typical Linearity for X9C104
10 8 6
PERCENTAGE ERROR
TEST CONDITIONS VCC = 5V Temp. = 25C Test Circuit #2
4 2
KEY:
0 -2 -4 -6 -8 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 WIPER POSITION
= ABSOLUTE = RELATIVE
0039-9
3863 FHD F17
12
X9C102/103/104/503
PACKAGING INFORMATION
8-LEAD PLASTIC DUAL IN-LINE PACKAGE TYPE P
0.430 (10.92) 0.360 (9.14)
0.092 (2.34) DIA. NOM.
0.255 (6.47) 0.245 (6.22)
PIN 1 INDEX PIN 1 0.300 (7.62) REF. 0.060 (1.52) 0.020 (0.51)
HALF SHOULDER WIDTH ON ALL END PINS OPTIONAL SEATING PLANE 0.150 (3.81) 0.125 (3.18)
0.140 (3.56) 0.130 (3.30)
0.020 (0.51) 0.015 (0.38) 0.062 (1.57) 0.058 (1.47) 0.020 (0.51) 0.016 (0.41)
0.110 (2.79) 0.090 (2.29)
0.015 (0.38) MAX.
0.325 (8.25) 0.300 (7.62)
TYP. 0.010 (0.25)
0 15
NOTE: ALL DIMENSIONS IN INCHES (IN PARENTHESES IN MILLIMETERS) NOTE: ALL DIMENSIONS IN INCHES (IN PARENTHESES IN MILLIMETERS)
3926 FHD F01
13
X9C102/103/104/503
PACKAGING INFORMATION
8-LEAD PLASTIC SMALL OUTLINE GULL WING PACKAGE TYPE S
0.150 (3.80) 0.158 (4.00) PIN 1 INDEX
0.228 (5.80) 0.244 (6.20)
PIN 1
0.014 (0.35) 0.019 (0.49) 0.188 (4.78) 0.197 (5.00)
(4X) 7
0.053 (1.35) 0.069 (1.75)
0.050 (1.27)
0.004 (0.19) 0.010 (0.25)
0.010 (0.25) X 45 0.020 (0.50)
0 - 8 0.0075 (0.19) 0.010 (0.25) 0.027 (0.683) 0.037 (0.937)
NOTE: ALL DIMENSIONS IN INCHES (IN PARENTHESIS IN MILLIMETERS)
3926 FHD F22
14
X9C102/103/104/503
ORDERING INFORMATION
X9CXXX
X
X Temperature Range Blank = Commercial = 0C to +70C I = Industrial = -40C to +85C M = Military = -55C to +125C Package P = 8-Lead Plastic DIP S = 8-Lead SOIC End to End Resistance 102 = 1K 103 = 10K 503 = 50K 104 = 100K
LIMITED WARRANTY
Devices sold by Xicor, Inc. are covered by the warranty and patent indemnification provisions appearing in its Terms of Sale only. Xicor, Inc. makes no warranty, express, statutory, implied, or by description regarding the information set forth herein or regarding the freedom of the described devices from patent infringement. Xicor, Inc. makes no warranty of merchantability or fitness for any purpose. Xicor, Inc. reserves the right to discontinue production and change specifications and prices at any time and without notice. Xicor, Inc. assumes no responsibility for the use of any circuitry other than circuitry embodied in a Xicor, Inc. product. No other circuits, patents, licenses are implied. U.S. PATENTS Xicor products are covered by one or more of the following U.S. Patents: 4,263,664; 4,274,012; 4,300,212; 4,314,265; 4,326,134; 4,393,481; 4,404,475; 4,450,402; 4,486,769; 4,488,060; 4,520,461; 4,533,846; 4,599,706; 4,617,652; 4,668,932; 4,752,912; 4,829, 482; 4,874, 967; 4,883, 976. Foreign patents and additional patents pending. LIFE RELATED POLICY In situations where semiconductor component failure may endanger life, system designers using this product should design the system with appropriate error detection and correction, redundancy and back-up features to prevent such an occurence. Xicor's products are not authorized for use in critical components in life support devices or systems. 1. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems which, (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body, or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform, when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling, can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user. 2. A critical component is any component of a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life support device or system, or to affect its safety or effectiveness.
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